Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

hasta ésta viajan enfermos (línea 18) / Personas en malas condiciones de salud.

han amontonado almohadas (líneas 71-72) / Montículos de tierra.

agarrar con las manos (línea 4) / Tomar, coger o asir fuertemente.

Oleadas de indonesios (línea 1) / Movimiento impetuoso de gente.

para pasar el rato (línea 62) / Distraerse, entretenerse

“aunque alguno apunta que no ha sido escogida por sus propiedades únicas” (líneas 31-33)

“Pero la gente hace oídos sordos a los avisos y regresa” (líneas 60-61)

“insomnio y otras dolencias” (línea 7)

“incluso desde los más apartados” (líneas 19-20)

“Mientras aumenta el flujo de personas que se aferran a los rieles de Cengkareng” (líneas 44-45)

la población más desfavorecida de Indonesia.

el Producto Interior Bruto.

la Organización Mundial de la Salud

el gobierno de Indonesia.

los países del mundo

an Indian businessman leading food and personal-care multinationals.

Vindi’s older brother who became a partner at multinational groups.

a successful Asian executive who still keeps Indian cultural habits.

a top executive working in entirely Indian-minted companies.

a well-off CEO who holds Western university degrees.

when he mentions their strict upbringing in India.

when he reveals that they were fed a special breakfast menu.

by relating their success entirely to their fathers’ profession.

by suggesting they were raised by a highly organized Bengal mother.

when he tells about the many places they lived in during their childhood.

became extremely worried about the environment.

shouldn’t make new friends and adapt to new places.

could delay acquiring new friends and accepting new addresses.

needed to create a friendly environment everywhere they went.

didn’t feel the need to adjust to new people and places.

competition present in the Indian scene.

life experience they had in their home country.

multiculturalism they experienced in their society.

native Indian language or the Indian dialects spoken.

limited economic resources in their developing country.

“on earth” in “What on earth did the Banga brothers’ mother feed them for breakfast?” (lines 1-2) means “a planet”.

“it worked:” in “Whatever it was, it worked:” (line 2) suggests that “it failed”.

“heading” in “after heading Citigroup’s Asian operations”, (lines 6-7) signifies “directing”.

“turns out” in “perfect training, it turns out, for global executives” (line 20) means “for instance”.

“Check.” in “Multiculturalism? Check. Complex competitive environment? Check.” (lines 34-35) means “absent”.

In ““Their clients in China and Southeast Asia are saying, ‘How come it’s the Indians getting all the top jobs?’”” (lines 29-31), “Their” refers to Jill Ader and Egon Zehnder.

In “And they grew up speaking English, the global business language.” (lines 37-38), “they” refers to Indian managers.

In “And India is already the location of many of their operations.” (lines 41-42), “their” refers to “countries”.

In “Unlike Americans, they’re well versed in negotiating India’s byzantine bureaucracy,” (lines 63-64), “they” refers to “Americans”.

In “It gave them exposure to a young and fast-growing consumer market.” (lines 81-82), “It” refers to “this generation”.

India has not developed in the 21^st century.

Indians have always had foreign companies in their country.

migrants to India in the 21^st century were absorbed and adapted.

Indians are fluent in English but can be very unfriendly to other Asians.

the world has not witnessed waves of Indians going everywhere in the world.

similar to the Chinese, Indians know how to deal with complicated and bureaucratic democracies.

Indians, Swedes and Germans alike were raised within a diversified society.

both Americans and Indians can negotiate in heavily bureaucratic markets.

red tape is understood the same way by both Chinese and Indians.

China and India have very diverse ways of handling bureaucracy.

have raised the country’s ranks.

have tried for the first time.

are good at doing that.

were top managers.

had to leave it.

explains why India’s economic liberalization accounts for the performance of this generation of top managers.

illustrates the negative effects of liberalization on the quality of two Indian detergents.

compares the Indian consumer markets of 1991 to the international market situation in 1987.

criticizes India’s economic liberalization which generated transnational networks.

argues against economic liberalization in developing countries.

making an effort to reach and be comparable to a competitor in two significant business issues

investing their scarce funds to facilitate commerce with multinational companies.

fostering the technological progress of newborn African brands to surpass Western competitors.

getting involved with other well-known and highly developed multinational companies to ruin African firms.

getting updated with the latest trends in business administration and international foreign affairs regulations.

African businesses are starting to produce goods that carry Chinese labels.

Chinese companies are invading Africa to take advantage of cheap labor fees.

multinational companies are financing operations in Africa to eradicate Chinese competitors.

global businesses are opening up operations in China to avoid the African import taxes.

companies of different nationalities are using their Chinese branches to export to Africa.

Chinese companies doing business in Africa face risks that they do not usually perceive, but African companies are taking advantage of Chinese lack of information

There are apparent cultural differences in Chinese and African markets, but this is not an economic problem and does not reflect in business.

The Chinese will face more opportunities to sell their technical innovations while the African firms will reach wider export targets

The Chinese lack sufficient knowledge on investment risks in Africa that are not purely business-related and African companies will not disclose this information

Africa is a relatively new investment market and will benefit from an increase in capital whereas Chinese companies are pessimistic about the success of their actions in an unknown territory.

“Previously, China was the main beneficiary of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) inflows primarily from Western companies.” (lines 2-5)

“And African firms can benefit from partnering with Chinese firms.” (lines 35-36)

“In short, global firms with a presence in both China and Africa can gain advantages in delivering global economies of scale in their Chinese and African operations by integrating production and value delivery.” (lines 50-54)

“Another Managing Director of a multinational company with strong presence in Africa stresses the importance of utilizing China as the biggest supply source in the world.” (lines 66-69)

“For African businesses, the benefits of partnering with a Chinese firm involve both increased liquidity and more tangible gains.” (lines 90-92)

falter (line 9) – increase

leverage (line 33) – destroy

stresses (line 68) – reduces

seek (line 77) – attempt

vast (line 106) – limited

implementation of zones of economic production by Chinese companies in many African nations.

African governments’ decisions to create manufacturing hubs to export to Europe and the Americas.

new opportunities for China’s economic growth in the rural areas of the African continent.

Chinese companies’ firm denial to invest in infrastructural developments in Africa.

foreign firms that decide to export manufactured goods into Africa.

Paragraph 2 (lines 16-28) – Compare the Chinese interest in Africa with the apparent lack of world interest in this continent.

Paragraph 3 (lines 29-36) – Contrast the Chinese and African ways of doing business.

Paragraph 5 (lines 55-69) – Report on the enthusiastic view of some managing directors who intend to enter the African market in the near future.

Paragraph 8 (lines 90-99) – point out the favorable aspects that may derive from the partnership of Chinese and African companies.

Paragraph 9 (lines 101-114) – Discuss the unwelcome implications of Chinese firms’ engagement in Africa