Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

Prezado candidato, o texto 1 desta prova foi extraído de uma crônica de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, cronista e poeta mineiro. Professor universitário e jornalista, escreveu para os maiores jornais do País. “Com uma produção diversificada e consistente, pensa o Brasil e a cultura do seu tempo, e se destaca como teórico, como poeta, como cronista, como professor, como administrador cultural e como jornalista.”

Porta de colégio 

SANT’ANNA, Affonso Romano de. Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna: seleção e prefácio de Letícia Malard. Coleção Melhores Crônicas. p. 64-66.

Marque com V o que for verdadeiro e com F o que for falso, em relação à crônica “Porta de colégio”.

( ) O cronista introduz a ideia núcleo do texto logo nas três primeiras linhas e o faz por meio de uma analogia.

( ) No quarto parágrafo, o enunciador responde à pergunta retórica feita no terceiro, empregando o advérbio interrogativo onde. As respostas, no entanto, não correspondem às respostas que se dariam a uma pergunta feita com o advérbio onde. Na pergunta correspondente a essas respostas, deveria constar algo como “Que acontecerá” ou “Como estarão”, não onde.

( ) O vocábulo clima (linha 6) e o vocábulo atmosfera (linha 11) não poderiam intercambiar suas ocorrências no texto sem prejuízo do sentido.

( ) No parágrafo 5 (linhas 37-45), o cronista faz alusão a um conto infantil, para mostrar como os adolescentes só têm segurança dentro da escola.

( ) Os assaltos do “lobo feroz” (linha 40), corresponderiam, no mundo moderno, ao estupro, ao latrocínio, ao homicídio, ao tráfico de crianças e de mulheres, à venda de drogas, em suma, aos perigos da vida moderna.

Está correta a seguinte sequência de cima para baixo:

Prezado candidato, o texto 1 desta prova foi extraído de uma crônica de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, cronista e poeta mineiro. Professor universitário e jornalista, escreveu para os maiores jornais do País. “Com uma produção diversificada e consistente, pensa o Brasil e a cultura do seu tempo, e se destaca como teórico, como poeta, como cronista, como professor, como administrador cultural e como jornalista.”

Porta de colégio 

SANT’ANNA, Affonso Romano de. Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna: seleção e prefácio de Letícia Malard. Coleção Melhores Crônicas. p. 64-66.

Atente para o que se diz sobre as expressões referenciais seguintes: esses meninos e meninas (linha 23) e aquele/a (linhas 25, 28, 29 e 32).

I. Todas essas expressões retomam individualmente o que foi mencionado de maneira geral no trecho das linhas 7, 8 e 9.

II. Enquanto a expressão da linha 23 se refere ao que foi dito (anáfora), todas as outras se referem ao que vai ser dito (catáfora).

III. A expressão aquele (ali) presentifica a cena enunciativa.

Está correto o que se afirma em 

Prezado candidato, o texto 1 desta prova foi extraído de uma crônica de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, cronista e poeta mineiro. Professor universitário e jornalista, escreveu para os maiores jornais do País. “Com uma produção diversificada e consistente, pensa o Brasil e a cultura do seu tempo, e se destaca como teórico, como poeta, como cronista, como professor, como administrador cultural e como jornalista.”

Porta de colégio 

SANT’ANNA, Affonso Romano de. Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna: seleção e prefácio de Letícia Malard. Coleção Melhores Crônicas. p. 64-66.

Entre as linhas 6 e 10 da crônica, existe um caso de concordância verbal curioso: “Primeiro há uma diferença de clima entre aquele bando de adolescentes espalhados pela calçada, sentados sobre carros, em torno de carrocinhas de doces e refrigerantes, e aqueles que transitam pela rua”. No trecho “aquele bando de adolescentes espalhados pela calçada, sentados sobre carros”, há um sintagma nominal cujo núcleo é bando, um substantivo coletivo que vem seguido de uma expressão no plural que o especifica: de adolescentes.

Observe o que é dito a seguir.

I. Em casos como esse, a regra geral da gramática normativa é a seguinte: com o substantivo coletivo, a concordância se faz no singular. Por essa ótica, no texto, deveríamos ter a seguinte estrutura: aquele bando de adolescentes espalhado pela calçada e sentado sobre carros.

II. A gramática faculta a seguinte possibilidade: se o coletivo vier seguido de uma expressão no plural que o especifique, o adjetivo ou o particípio que forma essa expressão pode ir para o plural ou ficar no singular: aquele bando de adolescentes espalhados pela calçada, sentados sobre carros.

III. Empregar o singular ou o plural nesses casos fica a critério do usuário da língua. Esses dois tipos de concordância variam livremente, independente de possíveis motivações.

Está correto o que se afirma em

Prezado candidato, o texto 1 desta prova foi extraído de uma crônica de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, cronista e poeta mineiro. Professor universitário e jornalista, escreveu para os maiores jornais do País. “Com uma produção diversificada e consistente, pensa o Brasil e a cultura do seu tempo, e se destaca como teórico, como poeta, como cronista, como professor, como administrador cultural e como jornalista.”

Porta de colégio 

SANT’ANNA, Affonso Romano de. Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna: seleção e prefácio de Letícia Malard. Coleção Melhores Crônicas. p. 64-66.

Observe a concordância verbal que se dá no trecho seguinte: “um ou outro já transou droga” (linha 17). Nesse trecho,

I. o “ou” indica exclusão.

II. a concordância poderia ser feita no plural: um ou outro já transaram droga.

III. a ação do verbo transar refere-se tanto a um quanto a outro.

Estão corretas as complementações contidas em

Prezado candidato, o texto 1 desta prova foi extraído de uma crônica de Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna, cronista e poeta mineiro. Professor universitário e jornalista, escreveu para os maiores jornais do País. “Com uma produção diversificada e consistente, pensa o Brasil e a cultura do seu tempo, e se destaca como teórico, como poeta, como cronista, como professor, como administrador cultural e como jornalista.”

Porta de colégio 

SANT’ANNA, Affonso Romano de. Affonso Romano de Sant’Anna: seleção e prefácio de Letícia Malard. Coleção Melhores Crônicas. p. 64-66.

Atente ao parágrafo quatro, que é constituído de assertivas do enunciador sobre os adolescentes que vê na porta do colégio, partindo de previsões feitas por ele mesmo.

I. Poderíamos dividir o parágrafo em duas partes, considerando a oposição individual/coletivo.

II. Em uma das assertivas, verifica-se quebra de paralelismo sintático-semântico.

III. Todas as assertivas constituem previsões.

Está correto o que se afirma em

PORTÃO

ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.

Observe a metáfora que inicia o poema — “O portão fica bocejando” — e o que se diz sobre ela.

I. Essa metáfora empresta ao portão faculdades humanas, constituindo, também uma prosopopeia ou personificação. Por outro lado, essa expressão aceita, ainda, a seguinte leitura: o portão representa metonimicamente a escola, com seus valores criticáveis e seus preconceitos.

II. O emprego da locução verbal de gerúndio “fica bocejando”, no lugar da forma simples boceja, dá à ação expressa pelo verbo bocejar um caráter de continuidade, de duração.

III. O gerúndio realça a própria semântica do verbo bocejar.

Está correto o que se afirma em

PORTÃO

ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.

Atente ao que é dito sobre o vocábulo “insípida” (linha 50).

I. Foi empregado na acepção de sem graça, desinteressante, monótono.

II. Foi empregado no seu sentido literal, não figurado.

III. A mudança da posição desse adjetivo para depois do substantivo não alteraria o significado do substantivo.

Está correto o que se afirma somente em

PORTÃO

ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.

Os dois superlativos (linhas 52-53) emprestam ao poema um tom de

PORTÃO

ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.

Atente para o que se afirma sobre os versos “ah, isso não: o vagabundo ficará mofando lá fora/ e leva no boletim uma galáxia de zeros” (linhas 55- 57).

I. Eles são construídos sobre duas metáforas hiperbólicas, isto é, metáforas que contêm um exagero.

II. O pronome isso em “ah, isso não”, aponta para um referente na cena enunciativa.

III. O pronome isso, no poema, aponta para o que é dito nos dois primeiros versos, sintetizando-os.

Está correto o que se diz em

PORTÃO

ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.

Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre os dois versos finais.

I. A separação desses dois versos em uma estrofe é um recurso que enfatiza as ideias de exclusão, parcialidade e preconceito presentes no poema.

II. Os dois versos constituem um enunciado que expressa uma afirmação de valor individual ou particular.

III. Esse enunciado apresenta a estrutura linguística do axioma (máxima, provérbio, anexim): é breve, expressa um conceito sobre a realidade, tem o objetivo de ensinar e emprega o presente do indicativo.

Está correto o que se afirma apenas em

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

One of the ways through which Pope Francis has shown he is not like his predecessors is the fact that he defends that

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

Pope Francis criticized the pacification project because he believes

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

When he met with Argentines, the Pope mentioned that besides stirring things up, they should

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

Pope Francis’ optimism could be seen in Varginha, where he told people to

    RIO DE JANEIRO — Pope Francis on Thursday delivered some of his most politically provocative remarks since his papacy began this year, hopping from his popemobile to walk through a slum in this city before urging young people to fight against corruption, a leading grievance behind the huge street protests that shook dozens of Brazilian cities in June.

    “Do not grow accustomed to evil, but defeat it,” Francis said at the favela, or slum, of Varginha, in an area that has commonly been known here as the Gaza Strip for its gun battles and drug trafficking in the past. “Do not lose trust, do not allow your hope to be extinguished,” he added, acknowledging that it was common for some to “grow disillusioned with news of corruption.”

    By singling out corruption in a folksy visit to a Brazilian favela on his first trip abroad as pope, Francis, an Argentine-born Jesuit, emphasized his aim to refocus the Roman Catholic Church on the neglected margins of society, especially in Brazil and other parts of Latin America where the popularity of evangelical churches has surged among the poor in recent decades.

    In a nod to the Brazilian political authorities who have warmly welcomed him, Francis also praised the government’s antipoverty programs and did not specifically mention the anti-establishment protests in Brazil. But he did critique Rio de Janeiro’s so-called pacification project in the city’s slums, in which security forces assert control over lawless areas.

    “No amount of pacification will be able to last, nor will harmony and happiness be attained in a society that ignores, pushes to the margins or excludes a part of itself,” the pope said in Varginha, a slum that has recently been subjected to pacification. In a remark that could resonate in Latin America and in the United States, which is also grappling with the widening disparity between the haves and the have-nots, Francis said that a society “impoverishes itself” by perpetuating such inequality.

    Care for the poor and marginalized is an integral part of Catholic teaching, and a concern of many popes and encyclicals, including those by Francis’ predecessor, Benedict XVI. But Francis has made it a hallmark of his young papacy, telling journalists in Rome days after his election, “How I would like a church that is poor and for the poor.” He has demonstrated that ideal by living relatively humbly as pope: in a communal guesthouse rather than the opulent papal apartment, wearing a pectoral cross of iron instead of gold, flying commercial. He recently told priests that they should not drive fancy cars, and he has traveled around Rio this week in a compact Fiat.

    “He is helping to wake people up,” said Natalia Morais, 21, a nursing student from Minas Gerais State who traveled to Rio to see the pope as part of World Youth Day, a conference attended by hundreds of thousands of Catholic youth. “When the pope talks, political leaders listen, and that’s what’s needed in Brazil, where our protests are about their corruption,” Ms. Morais said.

    Reaching beyond Brazil, Francis told Argentines who came here for the conference that “the church must be taken into the streets” in a struggle against complacency. “Stir things up, cause confounding, but do not diminish faith in Jesus Christ,” he said in Spanish.

    In each of Francis’ public appearances, he has been accorded a rock-star reception. On an uncommonly cold and rainy morning, hundreds of residents lined the narrow, muddy sidewalks of the Varginha favela to glimpse the first pope from the Americas, who obliged by stopping often to touch and bless people.

    Many onlookers had made their own shirts to commemorate the event, with a photo of Francis. Others draped themselves in Brazilian flags and waved banners bearing his image. Residents darted in and out of their homes, checking their televisions and radios to learn the pope’s whereabouts and calling the information out to their neighbors standing on wet rooftops to get a better view.

    Sônia Curato, 48, a manicurist, said the pope’s visit was different from that of other leaders. “Politicians come all the time. They make promises and leave,” she said. “He is a very simple person. You can tell that. He has charisma. He speaks to the people, doesn’t like going around in an armored car.”

Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre o texto:

I No primeiro parágrafo, o autor apresenta a teoria segundo a qual existem duas possibilidades de implantação de uma língua em um novo ambiente. Ao chamá-las de “extremas”, ele revela que não concorda com a referida teoria, por considerá-la exagerada.

II No segundo parágrafo, introduzem-se informações novas referentes ao esquema exposto no primeiro, as quais têm a finalidade de relativizar a apresentação desse esquema.

III No terceiro parágrafo, ao comparar a história do português com a do latim, o autor introduz uma terceira possibilidade de implantação de uma língua em um novo ambiente.

IV No quarto parágrafo, o autor explica por que a implantação do português no Brasil se insere na segunda possibilidade apresentada no início do texto.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Dentre os comentários sobre as expressões sublinhadas nos seguintes trechos extraídos do texto, o único que NÃO está correto é:

Manifesta-se, no excerto de Quincas Borba, um tema que, relativamente frequente na ficção dos dois últimos séculos, é central nesse romance, a saber, o tema