Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

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The Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada (CCBC) hosted Canada Day 2024, aimed at providing opportunities for young Brazilians who wish to do an exchange program, study, and explore the Canadian job market. The event featured representatives from the Consulate General of Canada in Brazil, who highlighted the efficiency of visa processing, allowing students to begin their studies in the country.

During the event, experts from various universities and educational institutions in Canada shared information and provided clarifications for students, offering a comprehensive view of the available opportunities.

Canada leads the list of the most sought-after destinations by Brazilians for studying abroad. According to the 2023 Belta Survey released by the Brazilian Association of Exchange Agencies, the number of Brazilian students seeking to study abroad grew by 18% in 2022 compared to the pre-pandemic period. This is because the region offers excellent quality of life, safety, and academic options, as well as work opportunities during and after studies, and the possibility of obtaining permanent residency in Canada.

For those who are thinking about studying in Canada, it is essential to pay attention to the registration deadlines offered by the institutions and to prepare the documentation, such as sending transcripts, English test results and necessary proof of income. The institutions present at the event highlighted the importance of starting the application process in advance, as soon as each university opens its applications.

Furthermore, to obtain a student visa for Canada it is necessary to follow a series of steps after receiving the acceptance letter from the educational institution and the scholarship. There are different types of visa, each suited to specific situations: the SX-1, for shortterm courses (up to 24 weeks), which requires an acceptance letter; the V-1, a tourist visa that can also be used for courses of up to 24 weeks; and the S-1 Study Permit, required for courses longer than 24 weeks.

To speed up the process, it is recommended to seek help from an exchange agency that offers guidance and support during all stages. In addition to the acceptance letter, you must have a passport valid for at least six months, demonstrate family ties in your country of origin, prove your financial capacity to support yourself in Canada during the study period and send all the necessary documentation, detailing your plans. For courses lasting more than six months, a medical examination is also required.

Disponível em: ccbc.org.br/en/publicacoes/news-ccbc/canada-offers-great-study-opportunities-for-brazilians-who-want-to-do-an-exchange-program. 17 July 2024 / news CCBC [adapted]. Acesso em: 04 out. 2024.  

Considering this Instagram post by Turkish artist Ugur Gallenkus, known as Ugur Gallen, it can be verified that

Observando-se os quadrinhos verifica-se que o sentido global da mensagem é criado a partir de um processo

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Mentir é preciso, pois nem sempre as pessoas querem ouvir a verdade

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Mentir é preciso, pois nem sempre as pessoas querem ouvir a verdade

Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão

Mentir é preciso, pois nem sempre as pessoas querem ouvir a verdade

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Mentir é preciso, pois nem sempre as pessoas querem ouvir a verdade

Texto 1

"Coisa ruim vai acontecer em breve. Serão tempos difíceis. Fantasmas dos antepassados chegarão nesta terra e tornarão nossos povos escravos de sua ganância. Eles não terão piedade nem dos velhos nem das crianças. Simplesmente se sentirão donos desse lugar e de sua gente. Por isso, não lutarão com arcos e flechas e não terão código de guerra. Serão homens duros e não respeitarão a tradição".

As palavras do sábio Karaíba trouxeram espanto aos olhos dos homens e das mulheres que as escutavam. Essa era uma profecia que traria impacto profundo a suas existências, e os faria repensar sobre o modo de vida que tinham levado até aquele momento. Antes da chegada dos colonizadores europeus, os habitantes do Brasil eram organizados, tinham sua vida estruturada e tiravam proveito da exuberante natureza que os cercava. Nessa narrativa cheia de aventura, poderemos imaginar um pouco sobre quais eram seus amores, seus dramas e suas ansiedades em relação ao futuro.

MUNDUKURU, Daniel. O Karaíba: uma história do pré-brasil. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 2012. (Quarta capa e capa).

Texto 2

01    Era uma vez

02    Um pernil de carneiro retalhado em fatia

03    Aos que foram chegando

04    Cada vez mais estrangeiros

05    No vai e vem de troncos

06    Quantas nações aos prantos

07    E os homens-daninhos seduzindo a taba

08    Grávidos de malícia

09    Sedentos de guerra

10    Dançam a falsidade

11    Esterilizam a festa

12    De quinto a quinhentos

13    O ouro encantou-se

14    Plastificaram o verde

15    Pavimentaram o destino

16    E foi acontecendo

17    E foi escurecendo

18    Mas de manhã cedinho

19    Além da Grande-Água     

20    Vi um curumim sonhando    

21    Com Yvy-maraey formosa.

GRAÚNA, Graça. Canto mestizo. Maricá (RJ): Blocos, 1999. p. 51. In: MUNDUKURU, Daniel. O Karaíba: uma história do pré-brasil. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 2012. (Orelha). 

Texto 1

"Coisa ruim vai acontecer em breve. Serão tempos difíceis. Fantasmas dos antepassados chegarão nesta terra e tornarão nossos povos escravos de sua ganância. Eles não terão piedade nem dos velhos nem das crianças. Simplesmente se sentirão donos desse lugar e de sua gente. Por isso, não lutarão com arcos e flechas e não terão código de guerra. Serão homens duros e não respeitarão a tradição".

As palavras do sábio Karaíba trouxeram espanto aos olhos dos homens e das mulheres que as escutavam. Essa era uma profecia que traria impacto profundo a suas existências, e os faria repensar sobre o modo de vida que tinham levado até aquele momento. Antes da chegada dos colonizadores europeus, os habitantes do Brasil eram organizados, tinham sua vida estruturada e tiravam proveito da exuberante natureza que os cercava. Nessa narrativa cheia de aventura, poderemos imaginar um pouco sobre quais eram seus amores, seus dramas e suas ansiedades em relação ao futuro.

MUNDUKURU, Daniel. O Karaíba: uma história do pré-brasil. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 2012. (Quarta capa e capa).

Texto 2

01    Era uma vez

02    Um pernil de carneiro retalhado em fatia

03    Aos que foram chegando

04    Cada vez mais estrangeiros

05    No vai e vem de troncos

06    Quantas nações aos prantos

07    E os homens-daninhos seduzindo a taba

08    Grávidos de malícia

09    Sedentos de guerra

10    Dançam a falsidade

11    Esterilizam a festa

12    De quinto a quinhentos

13    O ouro encantou-se

14    Plastificaram o verde

15    Pavimentaram o destino

16    E foi acontecendo

17    E foi escurecendo

18    Mas de manhã cedinho

19    Além da Grande-Água     

20    Vi um curumim sonhando    

21    Com Yvy-maraey formosa.

GRAÚNA, Graça. Canto mestizo. Maricá (RJ): Blocos, 1999. p. 51. In: MUNDUKURU, Daniel. O Karaíba: uma história do pré-brasil. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 2012. (Orelha). 

De acordo com as informações encontradas no texto, é CORRETO afirmar que

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What links Sir Isaac Newton, alien solar systems, and a new multi-million dollar TV show? The answer is “the three-body problem”: a conundrum in astronomy and mathematics that describes why it’s often difficult to predict the long-term trajectory of planets, moons and stars. So, what exactly is the problem? And how did it end up becoming the title of a TV series?

To understand, you first need to know a bit about the background to the TV show and its premise. The story is based on Liu Cixin’s epic sci-fi trilogy, The Remembrance of Earth’s Past, of which The Three-Body Problem is the first book. The original trilogy is characterised by the author’s attention to scientific detail. The adaptation is less so, but still crammed with scientific ideas.

The TV series focuses on the “Oxford Five”, who all studied under the same professor at the University of Oxford. Some have gone on to become scientists themselves (a postdoctoral physics researcher, a founder and chief scientific officer of a nano-tech company, and a theoretical physics academic), one has become a school physics teacher, while the fifth is now a snack-food entrepreneur. Scientific credentials abound.

The crux of the story is that an alien race — called the Trisolarans or San-Ti Ren — is headed to Earth to colonise it. Through intergalactic communication, these travellers attempt to intimidate human scientists into slowing down our rapid technological advancement, making Earth easier to conquer. But why are these aliens so hell-bent on taking over our planet in the first place? This is where the three-body problem comes in.

Bodies, in this context, is a scientific byword for planets, moons, suns or any other massive astronomical object. The extraterrestrials’ home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book — the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System. We only have one Sun, so Earth’s future is relatively predictable — at least for the next few million years.

Fonte: YATES, Kit. What is the three-body problem? The chaotic, cosmic mathematics behind the Netflix TV show. BBC, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240328-the-science-astronomy-and-mathematics-of-netflixs-3-body-problem-tv-show. Adaptado.

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What links Sir Isaac Newton, alien solar systems, and a new multi-million dollar TV show? The answer is “the three-body problem”: a conundrum in astronomy and mathematics that describes why it’s often difficult to predict the long-term trajectory of planets, moons and stars. So, what exactly is the problem? And how did it end up becoming the title of a TV series?

To understand, you first need to know a bit about the background to the TV show and its premise. The story is based on Liu Cixin’s epic sci-fi trilogy, The Remembrance of Earth’s Past, of which The Three-Body Problem is the first book. The original trilogy is characterised by the author’s attention to scientific detail. The adaptation is less so, but still crammed with scientific ideas.

The TV series focuses on the “Oxford Five”, who all studied under the same professor at the University of Oxford. Some have gone on to become scientists themselves (a postdoctoral physics researcher, a founder and chief scientific officer of a nano-tech company, and a theoretical physics academic), one has become a school physics teacher, while the fifth is now a snack-food entrepreneur. Scientific credentials abound.

The crux of the story is that an alien race — called the Trisolarans or San-Ti Ren — is headed to Earth to colonise it. Through intergalactic communication, these travellers attempt to intimidate human scientists into slowing down our rapid technological advancement, making Earth easier to conquer. But why are these aliens so hell-bent on taking over our planet in the first place? This is where the three-body problem comes in.

Bodies, in this context, is a scientific byword for planets, moons, suns or any other massive astronomical object. The extraterrestrials’ home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book — the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System. We only have one Sun, so Earth’s future is relatively predictable — at least for the next few million years.

Fonte: YATES, Kit. What is the three-body problem? The chaotic, cosmic mathematics behind the Netflix TV show. BBC, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240328-the-science-astronomy-and-mathematics-of-netflixs-3-body-problem-tv-show. Adaptado.

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What links Sir Isaac Newton, alien solar systems, and a new multi-million dollar TV show? The answer is “the three-body problem”: a conundrum in astronomy and mathematics that describes why it’s often difficult to predict the long-term trajectory of planets, moons and stars. So, what exactly is the problem? And how did it end up becoming the title of a TV series?

To understand, you first need to know a bit about the background to the TV show and its premise. The story is based on Liu Cixin’s epic sci-fi trilogy, The Remembrance of Earth’s Past, of which The Three-Body Problem is the first book. The original trilogy is characterised by the author’s attention to scientific detail. The adaptation is less so, but still crammed with scientific ideas.

The TV series focuses on the “Oxford Five”, who all studied under the same professor at the University of Oxford. Some have gone on to become scientists themselves (a postdoctoral physics researcher, a founder and chief scientific officer of a nano-tech company, and a theoretical physics academic), one has become a school physics teacher, while the fifth is now a snack-food entrepreneur. Scientific credentials abound.

The crux of the story is that an alien race — called the Trisolarans or San-Ti Ren — is headed to Earth to colonise it. Through intergalactic communication, these travellers attempt to intimidate human scientists into slowing down our rapid technological advancement, making Earth easier to conquer. But why are these aliens so hell-bent on taking over our planet in the first place? This is where the three-body problem comes in.

Bodies, in this context, is a scientific byword for planets, moons, suns or any other massive astronomical object. The extraterrestrials’ home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book — the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System. We only have one Sun, so Earth’s future is relatively predictable — at least for the next few million years.

Fonte: YATES, Kit. What is the three-body problem? The chaotic, cosmic mathematics behind the Netflix TV show. BBC, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20240328-the-science-astronomy-and-mathematics-of-netflixs-3-body-problem-tv-show. Adaptado.

“The extraterrestrials’ home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book – the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System.”, retirado do 5º parágrafo, o termo HENCE pode ser substituído, em ambas as ocorrências e sem alteração de sentido, por:

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        The early development of radar was driven primarily by military imperatives, and the targets that were to be detected were mainly aircraft and ships. It was no surprise that echoes were also received from terrain and from rainstorms, but the discovery, during World War II, that birds were often detectable was less expected. As the technology developed, and specially after transmission at the shorter ‘microwave’ wavelengths became commonplace, echoes from insects were also identified. In the late 1940’s and the 1950’s, radar technology was adapted rapidly to the needs of meteorologists, while ornithologists pioneered the use of defence and air-traffic control radars to study bird migration.

    Radar observations of insects, however, were relatively sparse until the early 1960’s, when radar meteorologists became rather intensely interested in a type of warm-weather echo that appeared, puzzlingly from their perspective, when there was not a cloud in sight. Perhaps spurred by the meteorologists’ observations, entomologists began their own exploitation of the technology in 1968, when a rather modest radar, built by G.W. Schaefer specifically for insect observation and operated in West Africa just south of the Sahara, proved to be very effective.

Fonte: DRAKE, V.A. and REYNOLDS, D.R. Radar Entomology: Observing Insect Flight and Mi gration. CAB Internacional, 2012.

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        The early development of radar was driven primarily by military imperatives, and the targets that were to be detected were mainly aircraft and ships. It was no surprise that echoes were also received from terrain and from rainstorms, but the discovery, during World War II, that birds were often detectable was less expected. As the technology developed, and specially after transmission at the shorter ‘microwave’ wavelengths became commonplace, echoes from insects were also identified. In the late 1940’s and the 1950’s, radar technology was adapted rapidly to the needs of meteorologists, while ornithologists pioneered the use of defence and air-traffic control radars to study bird migration.

    Radar observations of insects, however, were relatively sparse until the early 1960’s, when radar meteorologists became rather intensely interested in a type of warm-weather echo that appeared, puzzlingly from their perspective, when there was not a cloud in sight. Perhaps spurred by the meteorologists’ observations, entomologists began their own exploitation of the technology in 1968, when a rather modest radar, built by G.W. Schaefer specifically for insect observation and operated in West Africa just south of the Sahara, proved to be very effective.

Fonte: DRAKE, V.A. and REYNOLDS, D.R. Radar Entomology: Observing Insect Flight and Mi gration. CAB Internacional, 2012.

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    “It’s all we’ve been talking about since November,” says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He’s referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.

    Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [...]

    In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.

    So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.

Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, p. 740–741, 22 feb. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-ai-written-text-journals-hammer-policies.

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    “It’s all we’ve been talking about since November,” says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He’s referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.

    Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [...]

    In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.

    So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.

Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, p. 740–741, 22 feb. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-ai-written-text-journals-hammer-policies.