Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

Examine a tira para responder à questão.

                        When does the brain work best?

                     The peak times and ages for learning

      What’s your ideal time of the day for brain performance? Surprisingly, the answer to this isn’t as simple as being a morning or a night person. New research has shown that certain times of the day are best for completing specific tasks, and listening to your body’s natural clock may help you to accomplish more in 24 hours.

      Science suggests that the best time for our natural peak productivity is late morning. Our body temperatures start to rise just before we wake up in the morning and continue to increase through midday, Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California told The Wall Street Journal. This gradual increase in body temperature means that our working memory, alertness, and concentration also gradually improve, peaking at about mid morning. Our alertness tends to dip after this point, but one study suggested that midday fatigue may actually boost our creative abilities. For a 2011 study, 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking. Results showed that their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired.

      As for the age where our brains are at peak condition, science has long held that fluid intelligence, or the ability to think quickly and recall information, peaks at around age 20. However, a 2015 study revealed that peak brain age is far more complicated than previously believed and concluded that there are about 30 subsets of intelligence, all of which peak at different ages for different people. For example, the study found that raw speed in processing information appears to peak around age 18 or 19, then immediately starts to decline, but short-term memory continues to improve until around age 25, and then begins to drop around age 35, Medical Xpress reported. The ability to evaluate other people’s emotional states peaked much later, in the 40s or 50s. In addition, the study suggested that out our vocabulary may peak as late as our 60s’s or 70’s.

      Still, while working according to your body’s natural clock may sound helpful, it’s important to remember that these times may differ from person to person. On average, people can be divided into two distinct groups: morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening. If being a morning or evening person has been working for you the majority of your life, it may be best to not fix what’s not broken.

           (Dana Dovey. www.medicaldaily.com, 08.08.2016. Adaptado.)

                        When does the brain work best?

                     The peak times and ages for learning

      What’s your ideal time of the day for brain performance? Surprisingly, the answer to this isn’t as simple as being a morning or a night person. New research has shown that certain times of the day are best for completing specific tasks, and listening to your body’s natural clock may help you to accomplish more in 24 hours.

      Science suggests that the best time for our natural peak productivity is late morning. Our body temperatures start to rise just before we wake up in the morning and continue to increase through midday, Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California told The Wall Street Journal. This gradual increase in body temperature means that our working memory, alertness, and concentration also gradually improve, peaking at about mid morning. Our alertness tends to dip after this point, but one study suggested that midday fatigue may actually boost our creative abilities. For a 2011 study, 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking. Results showed that their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired.

      As for the age where our brains are at peak condition, science has long held that fluid intelligence, or the ability to think quickly and recall information, peaks at around age 20. However, a 2015 study revealed that peak brain age is far more complicated than previously believed and concluded that there are about 30 subsets of intelligence, all of which peak at different ages for different people. For example, the study found that raw speed in processing information appears to peak around age 18 or 19, then immediately starts to decline, but short-term memory continues to improve until around age 25, and then begins to drop around age 35, Medical Xpress reported. The ability to evaluate other people’s emotional states peaked much later, in the 40s or 50s. In addition, the study suggested that out our vocabulary may peak as late as our 60s’s or 70’s.

      Still, while working according to your body’s natural clock may sound helpful, it’s important to remember that these times may differ from person to person. On average, people can be divided into two distinct groups: morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening. If being a morning or evening person has been working for you the majority of your life, it may be best to not fix what’s not broken.

           (Dana Dovey. www.medicaldaily.com, 08.08.2016. Adaptado.)

                                     Texto 1

O texto I é um excerto de Baú de Ossos (volume 1), do médico e escritor mineiro Pedro Nava. Inclui-se essa obra no gênero memorialístico, que é predominantemente narrativo. Nesse gênero, são contados episódios verídicos ou baseadas em fatos reais, que ficaram na memória do autor. Isso o distingue da biografia, que se propõe contar a história de uma pessoa específica.

(Pedro Nava. Baú de ossos. Memórias 1. p. 308 a 310.)

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                        When does the brain work best?

                     The peak times and ages for learning

      What’s your ideal time of the day for brain performance? Surprisingly, the answer to this isn’t as simple as being a morning or a night person. New research has shown that certain times of the day are best for completing specific tasks, and listening to your body’s natural clock may help you to accomplish more in 24 hours.

      Science suggests that the best time for our natural peak productivity is late morning. Our body temperatures start to rise just before we wake up in the morning and continue to increase through midday, Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California told The Wall Street Journal. This gradual increase in body temperature means that our working memory, alertness, and concentration also gradually improve, peaking at about mid morning. Our alertness tends to dip after this point, but one study suggested that midday fatigue may actually boost our creative abilities. For a 2011 study, 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking. Results showed that their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired.

      As for the age where our brains are at peak condition, science has long held that fluid intelligence, or the ability to think quickly and recall information, peaks at around age 20. However, a 2015 study revealed that peak brain age is far more complicated than previously believed and concluded that there are about 30 subsets of intelligence, all of which peak at different ages for different people. For example, the study found that raw speed in processing information appears to peak around age 18 or 19, then immediately starts to decline, but short-term memory continues to improve until around age 25, and then begins to drop around age 35, Medical Xpress reported. The ability to evaluate other people’s emotional states peaked much later, in the 40s or 50s. In addition, the study suggested that out our vocabulary may peak as late as our 60s’s or 70’s.

      Still, while working according to your body’s natural clock may sound helpful, it’s important to remember that these times may differ from person to person. On average, people can be divided into two distinct groups: morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening. If being a morning or evening person has been working for you the majority of your life, it may be best to not fix what’s not broken.

           (Dana Dovey. www.medicaldaily.com, 08.08.2016. Adaptado.)

                        When does the brain work best?

                     The peak times and ages for learning

      What’s your ideal time of the day for brain performance? Surprisingly, the answer to this isn’t as simple as being a morning or a night person. New research has shown that certain times of the day are best for completing specific tasks, and listening to your body’s natural clock may help you to accomplish more in 24 hours.

      Science suggests that the best time for our natural peak productivity is late morning. Our body temperatures start to rise just before we wake up in the morning and continue to increase through midday, Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California told The Wall Street Journal. This gradual increase in body temperature means that our working memory, alertness, and concentration also gradually improve, peaking at about mid morning. Our alertness tends to dip after this point, but one study suggested that midday fatigue may actually boost our creative abilities. For a 2011 study, 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking. Results showed that their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired.

      As for the age where our brains are at peak condition, science has long held that fluid intelligence, or the ability to think quickly and recall information, peaks at around age 20. However, a 2015 study revealed that peak brain age is far more complicated than previously believed and concluded that there are about 30 subsets of intelligence, all of which peak at different ages for different people. For example, the study found that raw speed in processing information appears to peak around age 18 or 19, then immediately starts to decline, but short-term memory continues to improve until around age 25, and then begins to drop around age 35, Medical Xpress reported. The ability to evaluate other people’s emotional states peaked much later, in the 40s or 50s. In addition, the study suggested that out our vocabulary may peak as late as our 60s’s or 70’s.

      Still, while working according to your body’s natural clock may sound helpful, it’s important to remember that these times may differ from person to person. On average, people can be divided into two distinct groups: morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening. If being a morning or evening person has been working for you the majority of your life, it may be best to not fix what’s not broken.

           (Dana Dovey. www.medicaldaily.com, 08.08.2016. Adaptado.)

                                     Texto 1

O texto I é um excerto de Baú de Ossos (volume 1), do médico e escritor mineiro Pedro Nava. Inclui-se essa obra no gênero memorialístico, que é predominantemente narrativo. Nesse gênero, são contados episódios verídicos ou baseadas em fatos reais, que ficaram na memória do autor. Isso o distingue da biografia, que se propõe contar a história de uma pessoa específica.

(Pedro Nava. Baú de ossos. Memórias 1. p. 308 a 310.)

Pelo menos em cinco passagens do texto, o narrador emprega o recurso da intertextualidade. Como se sabe, esse recurso ocorre quando um texto remete a outro texto que faz parte da memória social de uma coletividade.

Pode-se dizer que acontece um verdadeiro diálogo entre textos. Vamos ater-nos a três ocorrências das cinco ou seis encontrados no texto:

I. “A lâmpada, enorme, esfregada, não fez aparecer nenhum gênio” (linhas 37-38).

II. “Raskólnikov. O mais estranho é que houve crime, e não castigo” (linhas 44-45).

III. “Eu fiquei por conta das Fúrias de um remorso, que me perseguiu toda a infância, veio comigo [...]” (linhas 47-52).

Assinale V ou F, conforme seja verdadeiro ou falso o que se diz sobre os três casos de intertextualidade transcritos:

( ) Na ocorrência I, o narrador intertextualiza com um dos contos que compõem a coletânea “As mil e uma noites”, no caso, a história de Aladim e a lâmpada maravilhosa. Ao intertextualizar com esse conto, de certa forma desautoriza-o: com ele, a magia da lâmpada não se revelou. O fracasso com a lâmpada enfatiza o estado de espírito negativo do narrador.

( ) Na ocorrência II, há alusão ao romance Crime e Castigo, do escritor russo Fiódor Dostoiévisk. Essa obra narra a história de um estudante pobre, Raskólnikov, que mata uma velha usurária que vive dos juros do dinheiro que empresta. Raskólnikov é consumido pelo remorso e entrega-se à polícia. Ao dialogar com a obra de Dostoiévisk, o narrador põe-se no lugar de Raskólnikov. Percebe-se uma dose de fina ironia justificável no contexto.

( ) Não se podem apontar diferenças entre os crimes do narrador e o do estudante russo.

( ) Há, no terceiro caso de intertextualidade, um diálogo com o discurso mítico. As Fúrias, entidades da mitologia grega, eram encarregadas de atormentar os criminosos. Ao considerar-se sob a tutela das Fúrias, o narrador expressa o tormento em que estava mergulhado por causa dos furtos.

Está correta, de cima para baixo, a sequência seguinte:

A questão é referente às imagens abaixo.

                        When does the brain work best?

                     The peak times and ages for learning

      What’s your ideal time of the day for brain performance? Surprisingly, the answer to this isn’t as simple as being a morning or a night person. New research has shown that certain times of the day are best for completing specific tasks, and listening to your body’s natural clock may help you to accomplish more in 24 hours.

      Science suggests that the best time for our natural peak productivity is late morning. Our body temperatures start to rise just before we wake up in the morning and continue to increase through midday, Steve Kay, a professor of molecular and computational biology at the University of Southern California told The Wall Street Journal. This gradual increase in body temperature means that our working memory, alertness, and concentration also gradually improve, peaking at about mid morning. Our alertness tends to dip after this point, but one study suggested that midday fatigue may actually boost our creative abilities. For a 2011 study, 428 students were asked to solve a series of two types of problems, requiring either analytical or novel thinking. Results showed that their performance on the second type was best at non-peak times of day when they were tired.

      As for the age where our brains are at peak condition, science has long held that fluid intelligence, or the ability to think quickly and recall information, peaks at around age 20. However, a 2015 study revealed that peak brain age is far more complicated than previously believed and concluded that there are about 30 subsets of intelligence, all of which peak at different ages for different people. For example, the study found that raw speed in processing information appears to peak around age 18 or 19, then immediately starts to decline, but short-term memory continues to improve until around age 25, and then begins to drop around age 35, Medical Xpress reported. The ability to evaluate other people’s emotional states peaked much later, in the 40s or 50s. In addition, the study suggested that out our vocabulary may peak as late as our 60s’s or 70’s.

      Still, while working according to your body’s natural clock may sound helpful, it’s important to remember that these times may differ from person to person. On average, people can be divided into two distinct groups: morning people tend to wake up and go to sleep earlier and to be most productive early in the day. Evening people tend to wake up later, start more slowly and peak in the evening. If being a morning or evening person has been working for you the majority of your life, it may be best to not fix what’s not broken.

           (Dana Dovey. www.medicaldaily.com, 08.08.2016. Adaptado.)

As questão é referente às imagens abaixo.

As questão é referente às imagens abaixo.

Texto 2

O texto que você lerá a seguir – o poema “Outro verde”, foi retirado da obra Delírio da Solidão, do escritor cearense de Quixeramobim Jáder de Carvalho, que nasceu em 29 de dezembro de 1901 e faleceu no dia sete de agosto de 1985. Jáder de Carvalho foi jornalista, advogado, professor e escritor: poeta e prosador. Sua obra mais conhecida é o romance Aldeota.

                     Outro verde 

(Jáder de Carvalho. Delírio da Solidão. p. 46-47.)

Sujeito lírico ou eu poético é um ser de ficção, como o é o narrador na prosa. Para que o texto literário tenha a consistência necessária a despertar uma reação emotiva no leitor, é preciso ser validado pela própria materialidade textual – um universo feito de palavras que apresenta nexo ou harmonia entre os elementos textuais.

Considere o que se afirma sobre essa validação no poema. Assinale com V as afirmações verdadeiras e com F as falsas.

( ) Tem-se um enunciador que fala diretamente a uma mulher, e o faz com certa intimidade, uma vez que a trata na segunda pessoa do singular. 

( ) Quando se fala diretamente a uma pessoa, numa comunicação face a face, existe a certeza de uma resposta. Isso, porém, não ocorre no poema, o que o empobrece.

( ) Percebe-se que o enunciador, no caso, o sujeito lírico, ao opor o verde indefinido dos olhos da musa do poema a outros verdes já referidos na literatura, expressa-se de um ponto de vista moderno, o que é também mostrado pela própria estrutura do poema: versos livres e brancos.

( ) O vocabulário não oferece dificuldade, mas ainda não é o vocabulário dos tempos atuais. O poeta ainda não emprega a linguagem quase prosaica que se aproxima da linguagem do povo, mas também não usa mais um vocabulário recheado de preciosismos, isto é, de palavras pouco usadas e até desconhecidas.

( ) A sintaxe também é simples e direta, sem as inversões que caracterizaram os poemas do fim do século XIX e início do século XX, época em que floresceu o simbolismo, o parnasianismo e o pré-modernismo.

( ) Pelo tom do texto, conclui-se que o sujeito lírico enuncia, provavelmente, de um lugar amplo, onde muitas pessoas podem escutar as palavras de amor que ele diz à amada.

Está correta, de cima para baixo, a seguinte sequência: