Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

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      These days, when our slow recovery from recession seems like a full-employment program for pessimistic pundits, it’s great to have a new book from Chris Anderson, an indefatigable cheerleader for the unlimited potential of the digital economy. Anderson, the departing editor in chief of Wired magazine, has already written two important books exploring the impact of the Web on commerce. In “The Long Tail,” he argued that companies like Amazon that faced distribution challenges arising from having large quantities of the same kind of product would thrive by “selling less of more.” Corporations didn’t have to chase blockbusters if they had a mass of small sales. In “Free: The Future of a Radical Price,” he argued that giving stuff away to attract a multitude of users might be the best way eventually to make money from loyal customers. Anderson has also helped found a Web site, Geekdad, and an aerial robotics company. From his vantage point, in the future more and more people can get involved in making things they really enjoy and can connect with others who share their passions and their products. These connections, he claims, are creating a new Industrial Revolution.

      In a 2010 Wired article entitled “In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits,” Anderson described how the massive changes in our relations with information have altered how we relate to things. Now that the power of information-sharing has been unleashed through technology and social networks, makers are able to collaborate on design and production in ways that facilitate the connection of producers to markets. By sharing information “bits” in a creative commons, entrepreneurs are making new things (reshaping “atoms”) more cheaply and quickly. The new manufacturing is a powerful economic force not because any one business becomes gigantic, but because technology makes it possible for tens of thousands of businesses to find their customers, to form their communities.

Anderson begins his new book, “Makers,” with the story of his grandfather Fred Hauser, who invented a sprinkler system. He licensed his invention to a company that turned ideas into things that could be built and sold. Although Hauser loved translating ideas into things, he needed a company with resources to make enough of his sprinklers to turn a profit. Inventing and making were separate. With the advent of the personal computer and of sophisticated but user-friendly design tools, that separation has become increasingly irrelevant. As a child, Anderson loved making things with his grandfather, and he still loves creating new stuff and getting it into the marketplace. “Makers” describes how today technology has liberated the inventor from a dependence on the big manufacturer. “The beauty of the Web is that it democratized the tools both of invention and production,” Anderson writes. “We are all designers now. It’s time to get good at it.”

(Fragment from “Makers: The New Industrial Revolution by Chris Anderson”, by Michael S. Roth. Online since 24 November 2012. URL:https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/makers-thenew-industrial-revolution)

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      These days, when our slow recovery from recession seems like a full-employment program for pessimistic pundits, it’s great to have a new book from Chris Anderson, an indefatigable cheerleader for the unlimited potential of the digital economy. Anderson, the departing editor in chief of Wired magazine, has already written two important books exploring the impact of the Web on commerce. In “The Long Tail,” he argued that companies like Amazon that faced distribution challenges arising from having large quantities of the same kind of product would thrive by “selling less of more.” Corporations didn’t have to chase blockbusters if they had a mass of small sales. In “Free: The Future of a Radical Price,” he argued that giving stuff away to attract a multitude of users might be the best way eventually to make money from loyal customers. Anderson has also helped found a Web site, Geekdad, and an aerial robotics company. From his vantage point, in the future more and more people can get involved in making things they really enjoy and can connect with others who share their passions and their products. These connections, he claims, are creating a new Industrial Revolution.

      In a 2010 Wired article entitled “In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits,” Anderson described how the massive changes in our relations with information have altered how we relate to things. Now that the power of information-sharing has been unleashed through technology and social networks, makers are able to collaborate on design and production in ways that facilitate the connection of producers to markets. By sharing information “bits” in a creative commons, entrepreneurs are making new things (reshaping “atoms”) more cheaply and quickly. The new manufacturing is a powerful economic force not because any one business becomes gigantic, but because technology makes it possible for tens of thousands of businesses to find their customers, to form their communities.

Anderson begins his new book, “Makers,” with the story of his grandfather Fred Hauser, who invented a sprinkler system. He licensed his invention to a company that turned ideas into things that could be built and sold. Although Hauser loved translating ideas into things, he needed a company with resources to make enough of his sprinklers to turn a profit. Inventing and making were separate. With the advent of the personal computer and of sophisticated but user-friendly design tools, that separation has become increasingly irrelevant. As a child, Anderson loved making things with his grandfather, and he still loves creating new stuff and getting it into the marketplace. “Makers” describes how today technology has liberated the inventor from a dependence on the big manufacturer. “The beauty of the Web is that it democratized the tools both of invention and production,” Anderson writes. “We are all designers now. It’s time to get good at it.”

(Fragment from “Makers: The New Industrial Revolution by Chris Anderson”, by Michael S. Roth. Online since 24 November 2012. URL:https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/makers-thenew-industrial-revolution)

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The first step in establishing a cyber ethical culture is to ask the really tough questions, the answer to which may be politically incorrect. HR (Human resources), legal, security and top management need to work together to set the tone they wish to flow through gaming; other times off-site meetings will work.

The second step is to include cyber ethical components in corporate security awareness campaigns to keep employees clued in.

The last but most important step is to be ready to make changes rapidly when cyber ethics becomes a component of information security efforts. We cannot predict how they will change tomorrow or next year – but we need to be prepared.

(MARINOTTO, Demóstene. Reading on Info Tech (Inglês para Informática). São Paulo, Novatec, 2007.)

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The first step in establishing a cyber ethical culture is to ask the really tough questions, the answer to which may be politically incorrect. HR (Human resources), legal, security and top management need to work together to set the tone they wish to flow through gaming; other times off-site meetings will work.

The second step is to include cyber ethical components in corporate security awareness campaigns to keep employees clued in.

The last but most important step is to be ready to make changes rapidly when cyber ethics becomes a component of information security efforts. We cannot predict how they will change tomorrow or next year – but we need to be prepared.

(MARINOTTO, Demóstene. Reading on Info Tech (Inglês para Informática). São Paulo, Novatec, 2007.)

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13 DE MAIO

Foi quando eu era seminarista no interior de São Paulo. Era 13 de maio de 1966 e os meus colegas de seminário, quase todos descendentes de italianos ou alemães, resolveram homenagear o dia da abolição dos escravos com um almoço. Nós, os poucos negros ou pardos da turma, fomos "convidados" a sentar na mesa central do refeitório, decorada com as palavras 'Navio Negreiro'. Quando vi aquilo me recusei e me sentei numa mesa lateral, com todos os outros colegas. Pois os organizadores daquilo me pegaram à força, me arrastaram e me fizeram sentar na marra junto aos outros negros, no que considerei uma ofensa gravíssima. Arrumei as malas para ir embora, mas fui convencido a ficar pelo padre do local. Ele me recomendou que deixasse o ódio passar e que tomasse aquele episódio como bandeira de luta para um mundo melhor. E, de fato, aquele episódio alterou radicalmente a direção da minha vida. Foi a partir de então que tirei a foto do meu pai, que era negro, do fundo da minha mala, e coloquei-a ao lado da fotografia da minha mãe, branca, com os meus objetos pessoais.

Frei David Raimundo dos Santos, 63 anos, frade, fundador da ONG Educafro. Disponível em: www.educafro.org.br Acesso em: 15 set. 2020. Adaptado.

Observe a tira a seguir e marque a alternativa incorreta.

Texto 1 

13 DE MAIO

Foi quando eu era seminarista no interior de São Paulo. Era 13 de maio de 1966 e os meus colegas de seminário, quase todos descendentes de italianos ou alemães, resolveram homenagear o dia da abolição dos escravos com um almoço. Nós, os poucos negros ou pardos da turma, fomos "convidados" a sentar na mesa central do refeitório, decorada com as palavras 'Navio Negreiro'. Quando vi aquilo me recusei e me sentei numa mesa lateral, com todos os outros colegas. Pois os organizadores daquilo me pegaram à força, me arrastaram e me fizeram sentar na marra junto aos outros negros, no que considerei uma ofensa gravíssima. Arrumei as malas para ir embora, mas fui convencido a ficar pelo padre do local. Ele me recomendou que deixasse o ódio passar e que tomasse aquele episódio como bandeira de luta para um mundo melhor. E, de fato, aquele episódio alterou radicalmente a direção da minha vida. Foi a partir de então que tirei a foto do meu pai, que era negro, do fundo da minha mala, e coloquei-a ao lado da fotografia da minha mãe, branca, com os meus objetos pessoais.

Frei David Raimundo dos Santos, 63 anos, frade, fundador da ONG Educafro. Disponível em: www.educafro.org.br Acesso em: 15 set. 2020. Adaptado.