Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

Analise as ocorrências de pronomes no texto e as afirmações que são feitas a respeito deles:

I. Na linha 36, o referente do pronome “que” é “A startup” (l. 35).

II. Na linha 27, o pronome “deles” faz referência a “céticos” (parágrafo anterior).

III. “sua” (l. 09) e “essa” (l. 19) são classificados como pronomes adjetivos.

IV. Na linha 26, o pronome “suas” indica que “bolinhas de gude” pertencem aos empreendedores.

Quais estão corretas?

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Al ingresar a la ciudad de Trevelín a través de un gran valle cobijado por montañas elevadas y grandes superficies con áreas cultivadas, llama la atención el colorido de sus jardines y la huella que ha dejado la colonia galesa en cada rincón del pueblo y del área rural. Un ejemplo de ello es el primer molino harinero accionado a caballo que se muestra en el museo regional junto a maquinarias, herramientas y vestimenta de la vida diaria en época de la colonia.

Enclavada en un típico paisaje andino patagónico, con sus vientos predominantes del sudoeste y su naturaleza pródiga en vegetación y arroyos, Trevelín sirve como punto de partida para hermosos paseos.

En la serenidad de sus calles, innumerables casas de té ofrecen la clásica merienda galesa con sus tortas, panes caseros y fiambres de la región para adentrarse en esa gastronomía que no ha claudicado con el paso del tiempo. Se aconseja probar su torta negra.

Disponível em: www.welcomeargentina.com. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2012 (adaptado).

Trevelín está localizada na Patagônia argentina. O destaque das características da cidade, no texto, tem a função de

“Quando” (l. 06) e “portanto” (l. 10) estabelecem, nos respectivos contextos de ocorrência, ideia de:

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Disponível em: http://ofuena00.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 3 ago. 2012.

A charge é um gênero textual que possui caráter humorístico e crítico. Ao abordar o tema do uso da tecnologia, essa charge critica o(a)

Retomando la inquietud propia y de tanta gente contraria a la denominación racista y xenófoba “Día de la Raza” usada para el feriado 12 de octubre, donde se recuerda el arribo de los primeros europeos a tierras posteriormente nombradas América, reforzamos la idea sumando agrupaciones e independientes de la militancia ciudadana motivados por lo mismo. Puede parecer menor, pero un nombre dice mucho. Es un símbolo, una representación, un código que resume infinidad de cosas desde lo objetivo y desde lo subjetivo. Y lamentablemente no hubo “descubrimiento” sino despojo y apropiación. No hubo “encuentro” sino saqueo y masacre. La propuesta es que la sociedad uruguaya logre una frase sustantiva que guarde memoria de los hechos, apostando a un presente y futuro fraternal e igualitario, y a una convivencia sin hegemonías ni predominios culturales aunque así haya sido el origen de nuestra historia.

ANDRADE, S. No más Día de la Raza. América Latina en movimiento. Disponível em: http://alainet.org. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2012 (adaptado).

Com a expressão Día de la Raza, faz-se referência à chegada dos primeiros europeus em território americano e denomina-se a comemoração desse dia. A autora do texto sugere o fim dessa denominação no Uruguai, acreditando que

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Em relação à frase: “A única coisa que eles enxergam é uma esfera tocando a outra e não há um vão sequer entre elas.” (l. 23-24), é possível afirmar que:

I. O uso do vocábulo “única” permite afirmar que não há mais nada que eles enxerguem a não ser a esfera tocando a outra.

II. O advérbio “sequer” acrescenta à frase a ideia de uniformidade.

III. Observa-se que a conjunção “e” conecta duas ações subordinadas.

Quais estão corretas?

Em relação aos processos de formação de palavras, analise as assertivas abaixo em relação ao vocábulo, retirado do texto, e seu respectivo processo de formação:

I. O advérbio ‘completamente’ (l. 28) é formado por sufixação.

II. O vocábulo ‘corporação’ (l. 08) é formado por aglutinação.

III. ‘incomodar’ (l. 34) é formado por justaposição.

IV. ‘engenheiro’ (l. 13) é formado por sufixação.

Quais estão corretas?

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Disponivel em: <https://caveviews.blogs.com/cave_news/2010/08/webmdeffect.html>. Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2019.

The patient’s assertion

Em relação ao período: “Digamos que essa sala seja um grande mercado.” (l. 19), é correto afirmar que:

Assinale a alternativa em que ocorre a correta conversão para a voz passiva analítica da frase “Num determinado momento, já grande o suficiente, a esfera da startup finalmente toca a esfera da corporação.” (l. 36-37).

Em relação à linguagem do texto, é correto afirmar que:

I. A linguagem é predominantemente denotativa, visto que os vocábulos são utilizados em seus significados básico e literal.

II. A linguagem é predominantemente conotativa, em que as palavras, em sua maioria, ganham um novo significado no contexto de ocorrência.

III. A informalidade da linguagem é precária, haja vista que os vocábulos contidos no texto são concentrados na sabedoria popular.

Quais estão corretas?

Caso as formas verbais “será” (l. 05) e “queira” (l. 19) fossem passadas para o pretérito imperfeito do modo indicativo, elas assumiriam, respectivamente, as formas:

Assinale a alternativa em que a palavra “a”, devidamente salientada no texto, está empregada com classe gramatical diferente das demais.

Assinale a opção que NÃO pode ser compreendida como um sintoma de Fobo, conforme descrito no texto:

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a tradução mais adequada para a frase “some degree of fence-seating is understanding” (l. 06).

Qual o significado de “crippled” (l. 07)?