Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

JOANA:

(...)

Já lhe dei meu corpo, não me servia

Já estanquei meu sangue, quando fervia

Olha a voz que me resta

Olha a veia que salta

Olha a gota que falta

Pro desfecho da festa

Por favor

Deixa em paz meu coração

Que ele é um pote até aqui de mágoa

E qualquer desatenção

− faça não

Pode ser a gota d’água

(...)

A expressão “gota d’água” é uma metáfora que expressa o sentimento de Joana.

Dentre os acontecimentos da peça vividos pela personagem, aquele que se torna a gota d’água é:

The British (serves 60 million)

Take some Picts, Celts and Silures

And let them settle,

Then overrun them with Roman conquerors.

Remove the Romans after approximately 400 years

Add lots of Norman French to some

Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Vikings, then stir vigorously.

[...]

Sprinkle some fresh Indians, Malaysians, Bosnians,

Iraqis and Bangladeshis together with some

Afghans, Spanish, Turkish, Kurdish, Japanese

And Palestinians

Then add to the melting pot.

Leave the ingredients to simmer.

As they mix and blend allow their languages to flourish

Binding them together with English.

Allow time to be cool.

Add some unity, understanding, and respect for the future,

Serve with justice

And enjoy.

Note: All the ingredients are equally important. Treating one ingredient better than another will leave a bitter unpleasant taste.

Warning: An unequal spread of justice will damage the people and cause pain. Give justice and equality to all.

Disponível em: www.benjaminzephaniah.com.

Acesso em: 12 dez. 2018 (fragmento).

Ao descrever o processo de formação da Inglaterra, o autor do poema recorre a características de outro gênero textual para evidenciar

Text 4

Eclipse in Africa: 'Ring of Fire' eclipse wows stargazers

Stargazers in parts of Africa have been treated to a spectacular "ring of fire" in the sky as the sun was almost - but not completely - eclipsed.

An annular eclipse happens when the moon is farther away from the Earth than during a total eclipse.

The result is a bright circle of sunshine surrounding a dark, shadowy core.

The best views were seen in Tanzania, where the event lasted about three minutes.

The eclipse could also be viewed in parts of Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, and the French Indian Ocean island of La Reunion.

The moon does not move in a perfect circle around the earth - instead, its orbit is slightly elliptical. That means the distance of the moon varies between around 225,000-252,000 miles (362,000-405,555 km).

When the moon is farther away from the earth, it appears smaller - and does not totally cover the sun's disc during a total eclipse. The result is also known as a "ring of fire" eclipse.

The next eclipse is due to take place in February 2017, and can be seen from parts of South America and Africa.

Avaiable at:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa. Accessed on 02/09/16.

Answer the question below, according to the Text 4.

JOANA:

                  (...)

                   A Creonte, à filha, a Jasão e companhia

                   vou deixar esse presente de casamento

                   Eu transfiro pra vocês a nossa agonia

                    porque, meu Pai, eu compreendi que o sofrimento

                    de conviver com a tragédia todo dia

                    é pior que a morte por envenenamento

                    (...)

No final da peça, Joana fala do “sofrimento de conviver com a tragédia todo dia”.

Em relação a esse sofrimento, a personagem tem uma reação que consiste em:

JOANA:

                  (...)

                   A Creonte, à filha, a Jasão e companhia

                   vou deixar esse presente de casamento

                   Eu transfiro pra vocês a nossa agonia

                    porque, meu Pai, eu compreendi que o sofrimento

                    de conviver com a tragédia todo dia

                    é pior que a morte por envenenamento

                    (...)

A obra de Chico Buarque e Paulo Pontes inspira-se na tragédia clássica “Medeia” para denunciar “uma tragédia brasileira”, conforme se observa no subtítulo da obra.

Essa denúncia expõe o seguinte problema:

"My desire to be well-informed is currently

at odds with my desire to remain sane."

SIPRESS. Disponível em: www.newyorker.com. Acesso em: 12 jun. 2018.

A presença de “at odds with” na fala da personagem do cartum revela o(a)

Text 4

Eclipse in Africa: 'Ring of Fire' eclipse wows stargazers

Stargazers in parts of Africa have been treated to a spectacular "ring of fire" in the sky as the sun was almost - but not completely - eclipsed.

An annular eclipse happens when the moon is farther away from the Earth than during a total eclipse.

The result is a bright circle of sunshine surrounding a dark, shadowy core.

The best views were seen in Tanzania, where the event lasted about three minutes.

The eclipse could also be viewed in parts of Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, and the French Indian Ocean island of La Reunion.

The moon does not move in a perfect circle around the earth - instead, its orbit is slightly elliptical. That means the distance of the moon varies between around 225,000-252,000 miles (362,000-405,555 km).

When the moon is farther away from the earth, it appears smaller - and does not totally cover the sun's disc during a total eclipse. The result is also known as a "ring of fire" eclipse.

The next eclipse is due to take place in February 2017, and can be seen from parts of South America and Africa.

Avaiable at:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa. Accessed on 02/09/16.

Answer the question below, according to the Text 4.

The power of metaphors discusses the use of metaphors in daily life, as well as the text O que nossas metáforas dizem de nós.

The following metaphor is present in both texts:

Exterior: Between The Museums — Day

    CELINE

    Americans always think Europe is perfect. But such beauty and history can be really oppressive. It reduces the individual to nothing. It just reminds you all the time you are just a little speck in a long history, where in América you feel like you could be making history. Thats why I like Los Angeles because it is so...

    JESSE

    Ugly?

    CELINE

    No, I was going to say “neutral”. Its like looking at a blank canvas. I think people go to places like Venice on their honeymoon to make sure they are not going to fight for the first two weeks of their marriage because they’l I be too busy looking around at all the beautiful things. Thats what people call a romantic place — somewhere where the prettiness will contain your primary violent instinct. A real good honeymoon spot would be like somewhere in New Jersey.

KRIZAN, K.; LINKLATER, R. Before Sunrise: screenplay.

New York: Vintage Books, 2005.

Considerando-se o olhar dos personagens, esse trecho do roteiro de um filme permite reconhecer que a avaliação sobre um lugar depende do(a)

we didn’t know the extent to which these metaphors influence people. (ℓ. 12-13)

In the fragment above, the doubt expressed by the researcher can be formulated by the following question:

A draga

A gente não sabia se aquela draga tinha nascido ali, no Porto, como um pé de árvore ou uma duna.

— E que fosse uma casa de peixes?

Meia dúzia de loucos e bêbados moravam dentro dela, enraizados em suas ferragens.

Dos viventes da draga era um o meu amigo Mário-pega--sapo.

[...]

Quando Mário morreu, um literato oficial, em necrológio caprichado, chamou-o de Mário-Captura-8apo! Ai que dor!

Ao literato cujo fazia-lhe nojo a forma coloquial.

Queria captura em vez de pega para não macular (sic) a língua nacional lá dele...

[...]

Da velha draga

Abrigo de vagabundos e de bêbados, restaram as expressões: estar na draga, viver na draga por estar sem dinheiro, viver na miséria 

Que ora ofereço ao filólogo Aurélio Buarque de Hollanda

Para que as registre em seus léxicos

Pois que o povo já as registrou.

BARROS, M. Gramática expositiva do chão: poesia quase toda. Rio de Janeiro:

Civilização Brasileira, 1990 (fragmento).

Ao criticar o preciosismo linguístico do literato e ao sugerir a dicionarização de expressões locais, o poeta expressa uma concepção de língua que

test subjects were asked to read short paragraphs (ℓ. 14)

The reason for the omission of the agent in the sentence above is:

Metaphors aren’t just used for flowery speech. They shape the conversation for things we’re trying to explain and figure out. (ℓ. 29-30)

In order to clarify the meaning relation between the two sentences above, the following word can be inserted in the underlined one: