Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

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Social life in youth may impact health decades later

Robert Preidt

August 6, 2015

    Having good social connections at age 20 can lead to improved well-being later in life, a new study suggests. Previous research has shown that people with poor social links are at increased risk for early death. “In fact, having few social connections is equivalent to tobacco use, and [the risk is] higher than for those who drink excessive amounts of alcohol, or who suffer from obesity,” study author Cheryl Carmichael, who conducted the study while a doctoral candidate at the University of Rochester in New York, said in a university news release.

    The study included 133 people who enrolled when they were 20-year-old college students in the 1970s. The participants kept track of their daily social interactions at ages 20 and 30. At age 50, they completed an online survey about the quality of their social lives and emotional well-being, including questions about loneliness and depression, and their relationships with close friends.

    The findings showed that frequent social interactions at age 20 and good-quality relationships – defined as intimate and satisfying – at age 30 were associated with higher levels of well-being at age 50. The study findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Psychology and Aging.

    A high number of social interactions at age 20 are beneficial later in life because they help young adults determine who they are, the researchers said. “It’s often around this age that we meet people from diverse backgrounds, with opinions and values that are different from our own, and we learn how to best manage those differences,” said Carmichael, now an assistant professor of psychology at Brooklyn College. “Considering everything else that goes on in life over those 30 years – marriage, raising a family and building a career – it is extraordinary that there appears to be a relationship between the kinds of interactions college students and young adults have and their emotional health later in life,” she concluded.

(www.nlm.nih.gov)

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Social life in youth may impact health decades later

Robert Preidt

August 6, 2015

    Having good social connections at age 20 can lead to improved well-being later in life, a new study suggests. Previous research has shown that people with poor social links are at increased risk for early death. “In fact, having few social connections is equivalent to tobacco use, and [the risk is] higher than for those who drink excessive amounts of alcohol, or who suffer from obesity,” study author Cheryl Carmichael, who conducted the study while a doctoral candidate at the University of Rochester in New York, said in a university news release.

    The study included 133 people who enrolled when they were 20-year-old college students in the 1970s. The participants kept track of their daily social interactions at ages 20 and 30. At age 50, they completed an online survey about the quality of their social lives and emotional well-being, including questions about loneliness and depression, and their relationships with close friends.

    The findings showed that frequent social interactions at age 20 and good-quality relationships – defined as intimate and satisfying – at age 30 were associated with higher levels of well-being at age 50. The study findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Psychology and Aging.

    A high number of social interactions at age 20 are beneficial later in life because they help young adults determine who they are, the researchers said. “It’s often around this age that we meet people from diverse backgrounds, with opinions and values that are different from our own, and we learn how to best manage those differences,” said Carmichael, now an assistant professor of psychology at Brooklyn College. “Considering everything else that goes on in life over those 30 years – marriage, raising a family and building a career – it is extraordinary that there appears to be a relationship between the kinds of interactions college students and young adults have and their emotional health later in life,” she concluded.

(www.nlm.nih.gov)

Leia o TEXTO I a seguir para responder à questão.

Sinopse - O Rei Leão

O Rei Leão, da Disney, dirigido por Jon Favreau, retrata uma jornada pela savana africana, onde nasce o futuro rei da Pedra do Reino, Simba. O pequeno leão que idolatra seu pai, o rei Mufasa, é fiel ao seu destino de assumir o reinado. Mas nem todos no reino pensam da mesma maneira. Scar, irmão de Mufasa e ex-herdeiro do trono, tem seus próprios planos. A batalha pela Pedra do Reino é repleta de traição, eventos trágicos e drama, o que acaba resultando no exílio de Simba. Com a ajuda de dois novos e inusitados amigos, Simba terá que crescer e voltar para recuperar o que é seu por direito.

Disponível em: https://www.cinepolis.com.br/filme/9848-o-rei-leao.html. Acesso em: 02 set5 2019

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Social life in youth may impact health decades later

Robert Preidt

August 6, 2015

    Having good social connections at age 20 can lead to improved well-being later in life, a new study suggests. Previous research has shown that people with poor social links are at increased risk for early death. “In fact, having few social connections is equivalent to tobacco use, and [the risk is] higher than for those who drink excessive amounts of alcohol, or who suffer from obesity,” study author Cheryl Carmichael, who conducted the study while a doctoral candidate at the University of Rochester in New York, said in a university news release.

    The study included 133 people who enrolled when they were 20-year-old college students in the 1970s. The participants kept track of their daily social interactions at ages 20 and 30. At age 50, they completed an online survey about the quality of their social lives and emotional well-being, including questions about loneliness and depression, and their relationships with close friends.

    The findings showed that frequent social interactions at age 20 and good-quality relationships – defined as intimate and satisfying – at age 30 were associated with higher levels of well-being at age 50. The study findings were published in a recent issue of the journal Psychology and Aging.

    A high number of social interactions at age 20 are beneficial later in life because they help young adults determine who they are, the researchers said. “It’s often around this age that we meet people from diverse backgrounds, with opinions and values that are different from our own, and we learn how to best manage those differences,” said Carmichael, now an assistant professor of psychology at Brooklyn College. “Considering everything else that goes on in life over those 30 years – marriage, raising a family and building a career – it is extraordinary that there appears to be a relationship between the kinds of interactions college students and young adults have and their emotional health later in life,” she concluded.

(www.nlm.nih.gov)

Leia o TEXTO I a seguir para responder à questão.

Sinopse - O Rei Leão

O Rei Leão, da Disney, dirigido por Jon Favreau, retrata uma jornada pela savana africana, onde nasce o futuro rei da Pedra do Reino, Simba. O pequeno leão que idolatra seu pai, o rei Mufasa, é fiel ao seu destino de assumir o reinado. Mas nem todos no reino pensam da mesma maneira. Scar, irmão de Mufasa e ex-herdeiro do trono, tem seus próprios planos. A batalha pela Pedra do Reino é repleta de traição, eventos trágicos e drama, o que acaba resultando no exílio de Simba. Com a ajuda de dois novos e inusitados amigos, Simba terá que crescer e voltar para recuperar o que é seu por direito.

Disponível em: https://www.cinepolis.com.br/filme/9848-o-rei-leao.html. Acesso em: 02 set5 2019

                       Frankentissue: printable cell technology

      In November, researchers from the University of Wollongong in Australia announced a new bio-ink that is a step toward really printing living human tissue on an inkjet printer. It is like printing tissue dot-by-dot. A drop of bioink contains 10,000 to 30,000 cells. The focus of much of this research is the eventual production of tailored tissues suitable for surgery, like living Band-Aids, which could be printed on the inkjet.

      However, it is still nearly impossible to effectively replicate nature’s ingenious patterns on a home Office accessory. Consider that the liver is a series of globules, the kidney a set of pyramids. Those kinds of structures demand 3D printers that can build them up, layer by layer. At the moment, skin and other flat tissues are most promising for the inkjet.

                           Disponível em: http://discovermagazine.com. Acesso em: 2 dez. 2012

Leia o TEXTO II a seguir para responder à questão.

(Texto extraído de https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Sociedade/noticia/2019/07/adultos-jogammais-videogame-do-que-adolescentes-no-brasil.html, Acesso: 10/09/2019)

Leia as seguintes afirmações com relação ao TEXTO II: 

I - Textos informativos como esse buscam a neutralidade dos dados apresentados em suas matérias através do uso de uma linguagem mais pessoal e rebuscada.

II - O título apresentado resume a informação mais relevante do texto.

III - Os dados estatísticos apresentados embasam a informação transmitida pelo texto.

Considerando cada afirmação acima, assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmações CORRETAS:

Orientações à população são encontradas também em sites oficiais. Ao clicar no endereço eletrônico mencionado no cartaz disponível na internet, o leitor tem acesso aos(às)

Leia o TEXTO II a seguir para responder à questão.

(Texto extraído de https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Sociedade/noticia/2019/07/adultos-jogammais-videogame-do-que-adolescentes-no-brasil.html, Acesso: 10/09/2019)

Leia o TEXTO II a seguir para responder à questão.

(Texto extraído de https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Sociedade/noticia/2019/07/adultos-jogammais-videogame-do-que-adolescentes-no-brasil.html, Acesso: 10/09/2019)

Ainda em relação ao TEXTO II, considere a seguinte frase: 

A maior parte dos gamers no país são __________ e a maioria dos participantes da pesquisa consideram o jogo como uma forma de ___________ quando estão em casa. A plataforma preferida dos gamers é ____________ e eles podem ficar até _________ jogando sem parar. 

De acordo com as informações do texto, a alternativa que preenche adequadamente as lacunas é:

Ler não é decifrar, como num jogo de adivinhações, o sentido de um texto. É, a partir do texto, ser capaz de atribuir-lhe significado, conseguir relacioná-lo a todos os outros textos significativos para cada um, reconhecer nele o tipo de leitura que o seu autor pretendia e, dono da própria vontade, entregar-se a essa leitura, ou rebelar-se contra ela, propondo uma outra não prevista.

LAJOLO, M. Do mundo da leitura para a leitura do mundo. São Paulo: Ática, 1993.

Nesse texto, a autora apresenta reflexões sobre o processo de produção de sentidos, valendo-se da metalinguagem. Essa função da linguagem torna-se evidente pelo fato de o texto

Leia o TEXTO III a seguir para responder à questão.

Verissimo. Luis Fernando. Comédias para se ler na escola. Disponível em:

http://files.jornalagito.webnode.com.br/200000103-7b0077b18a/Comedias%20pra%20ler%20na%20escola.pdf

Acesso em 26/09/2019. 

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W.H.O. calls ‘vaccine hesitancy’ an increasing concern globally

Rick Gladstone

August 18, 2015

    The World Health Organization warned Tuesday of what it called the growing problem of “vaccine hesitancy,” when people delay or refuse vaccines for themselves or their children. In a statement on its website, the organization called the problem “a growing challenge for countries seeking to close the immunization gap.” Globally, the organization said, one in five children still do not receive routine lifesaving immunizations, and 1.5 million children die each year of diseases that could have been thwarted by vaccines.

(www.nytimes.com)

Why do we buy into the 'cult' of overwork?

By Bryan Lufkin, 9th May 2021

Although many of us associate overly ambitious workaholism with the 1980s and the finance industry, the tendency to devote ourselves to work and glamourize long-hours culture remains as pervasive as ever. In fact, it is expanding into more sectors and professions, in slightly different packaging. Overwork isn't a phenomenon exclusive to Silicon Valley or Wall Street. People work long hours all over the world, for many different reasons.  

In Japan, a culture of overwork can be traced back to the 1950s, when the government pushed hard for the country to be rebuilt quickly after World War Two. In Arab League countries, burnout is high among medical professionals, possibly because its 22 members are developing nations with overburdened healthcare systems, studies suggest. Reasons for overwork also depend on industry. Some of the earliest researchers on burnout in the 1970s asserted that many people in jobs geared toward helping others, like employees in clinics or crisis-intervention centers, tended to work long hours that led to emotional and physical exhaustion – a trend which is shown up in the pandemic, too. But millions of us overwork because somehow, we think it’s exciting – a status symbol that puts us on the path to success, whether we define that by wealth or an Instagram post that makes it seem like we're living a dream life with a dream job. Romanticization of work seems to be an especially common practice among "knowledge workers" in the middle and upper classes. In 2014, the New Yorker called this devotion to overwork "a cult". 

According to Anat Lechner, clinical associate professor of management at New York University. "We glorify the lifestyle, and the lifestyle is: you breathe something, you sleep with something, you wake up and work on it all day long, then you go to sleep. Again, and again and again."

Adapted from: Home - BBC Worklife. 

O hoax, como é chamado qualquer boato ou farsa I na internet, pode espalhar vírus entre os seus contatos. Falsos sorteios de celulares ou frases que Clarice Lispector nunca disse são exemplos de hoax. Trata-se de boatos recebidos por e-mail ou compartilhados em redes sociais. Em geral, são mensagens dramáticas ou alarmantes que acompanham imagens chocantes, falam de crianças doentes ou avisam sobre falsos vírus. O objetivo de quem cria esse tipo de mensagem pode ser apenas se divertir com a brincadeira (de mau gosto), prejudicar a imagem de uma empresa ou espalhar uma ideologia política.

Se o hoax for do tipo phishing (derivado de fishing, pescaria, em inglês) o problema pode ser mais grave: o usuário que clicar pode ter seus dados pessoais ou bancários roubados por golpistas. Por isso é tão importante ficar atento.

VIMERCATE, N. Disponível em: www.techtudo.com.br. Acesso em: 1 maio 2013

Ao discorrer sobre os hoaxes, o texto sugere ao leitor, como estratégia para evitar essa ameaça,(adaptado)

Why do we buy into the 'cult' of overwork?

By Bryan Lufkin, 9th May 2021

Although many of us associate overly ambitious workaholism with the 1980s and the finance industry, the tendency to devote ourselves to work and glamourize long-hours culture remains as pervasive as ever. In fact, it is expanding into more sectors and professions, in slightly different packaging. Overwork isn't a phenomenon exclusive to Silicon Valley or Wall Street. People work long hours all over the world, for many different reasons.  

In Japan, a culture of overwork can be traced back to the 1950s, when the government pushed hard for the country to be rebuilt quickly after World War Two. In Arab League countries, burnout is high among medical professionals, possibly because its 22 members are developing nations with overburdened healthcare systems, studies suggest. Reasons for overwork also depend on industry. Some of the earliest researchers on burnout in the 1970s asserted that many people in jobs geared toward helping others, like employees in clinics or crisis-intervention centers, tended to work long hours that led to emotional and physical exhaustion – a trend which is shown up in the pandemic, too. But millions of us overwork because somehow, we think it’s exciting – a status symbol that puts us on the path to success, whether we define that by wealth or an Instagram post that makes it seem like we're living a dream life with a dream job. Romanticization of work seems to be an especially common practice among "knowledge workers" in the middle and upper classes. In 2014, the New Yorker called this devotion to overwork "a cult". 

According to Anat Lechner, clinical associate professor of management at New York University. "We glorify the lifestyle, and the lifestyle is: you breathe something, you sleep with something, you wake up and work on it all day long, then you go to sleep. Again, and again and again."

Adapted from: Home - BBC Worklife.