Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

                                     Ele e suas ideias

                                                                         Lima Barreto

 

O acento grave de “àquele" em “...ele lembrava a este ou àquele jornal uma ideia..." (linha 9).

                                     Ele e suas ideias

                                                                         Lima Barreto

 

“Andávamos por esse tempo na febre dos melhoramentos, das construções; e, a todo momento, ele lembrava a este ou àquele jornal uma ideia.” (linhas 7-9)

Para obter efeitos de sentido, os autores costumam valerse de diferentes recursos semânticos. A expressão sublinhada no fragmento acima – “febre dos melhoramentos” – exemplifica um caso de:

                                     Ele e suas ideias

                                                                         Lima Barreto

 

O enunciado “e, de tal modo, a mania de ter ideias o tomou, que não se limitava a deixá-las pelos jornais” (linhas 11-12) veicula a ideia de causa / consequência.

Assinale a alternativa cujo sentido difere ao do fragmento em destaque.

TEXTO 1

A atual política de preços da Petrobras, na qual se baseiam todos os reajustes recentes, surgiu em 2016. Até o término dos anos 1990 e início dos anos 2000, havia monopólio na exploração e comercialização de petróleo no Brasil. Isso mudou em 2002, com a Lei n. 9.478 (Lei do Petróleo). O novo marco legal teve como objetivo abrir o mercado e estimular a concorrência no setor. Aos poucos, os preços começaram a ser reajustados e a acompanhar o que era praticado no mercado internacional. Isso porque, com a abertura de mercado, o importador surge como concorrente. Esse importador, ao formar seu preço para vender seu produto no mercado doméstico brasileiro, é influenciado por oscilação de preços nos derivados no mercado internacional.

Disponível em: https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2022/06/17/ como-funciona-a-politica-de-precos-da-petrobras-entenda.ghtml. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2022 (adaptado).

De instabilidade política e econômica à seca intensa, a alta dos preços dos combustíveis só agrava a inflação e aumenta a conta no bolso do consumidor. O quanto esse aumento afeta a vida do povo brasileiro depende da renda e de como a pessoa usa os combustíveis. Ouso do transporte público ou próprio, e a distância que percorre nas atividades diárias são variáveis que podem significar mais ou menos gastos. Uma coisa é certa: quanto maior a renda, menor o impacto; quanto menor a renda, maior é o impacto do aumento do preço.

Disponível em: https://jornal.usp.br/atualidades/preco-doscombustiveis-tem-maior-impacto-para-a-populacao-demenor-renda/. Acesso em: 28 jun. 2022. (adaptado)

Considerando a imagem e os textos apresentados, avalie as afirmações a seguir.

I. O governo federal, como instrumento de gestão pública, poderia reduzir os impostos federais que incidem sobre a gasolina, exercendo o poder regulatório do Estado para minimizar os impactos econômicos e sociais do preço dos combustíveis.

II. A eliminação dos impostos federais sobre a gasolina teria um maior efeito no preço do combustível do que a eliminação dos impostos estaduais cobrados nos postos, beneficiando a população de maior renda.

III. O papel regulatório do Estado, tendo em vista a redução dos impactos econômicos e sociais do preço dos combustíveis, seria mais efetivo, caso o governo federal, na condição de acionista majoritário da Petrobras, pautasse a redução da "Parcela Petrobras" no preço da gasolina, considerando o componente lucro do produto que integra essa parcela.

É correto o que se afirma em

I have a confession. I’m addicted to reality TV. I can’t get enough of it.

Very soon the new series of ITV’s Love Island will be starting and I’m literally counting down the days until it’s on my TV screen. It’s a show that sends single people abroad to live in a luxurious villa in the sun. The audience at home then watches their highs and lows, their arguments and how their relationships and friendships form and fall apart.

Love Island is just the tip of a huge reality TV iceberg. Other popular British programmes (which I also love) include I’m a Celebrity ... Get me Out of Here!, Big Brother and Geordie Shore. All these shows have something in common: people seem to either love them or hate them.

Perhaps we love them so much because they actually use real people instead of characters. Series and films with actors are great to watch but they aren’t real and we’re aware of that. With reality TV we can become more invested and more interested because the ‘characters’ are real and (usually) not acting.

Maybe we love reality TV because the people featured more often than not show the extremes of our society. Shows featuring ‘normal’ people or non-celebrities often include people with intense personalities who are bound to clash. Big Brother, which follows the lives of people living in a house together away from the outside world, always includes contestants with a range of personalities. It can be fascinating for us viewers to watch real people who perhaps wouldn’t usually interact with each other as they try to live together.

However, reality TV isn’t popular with everyone. Some people consider it sad to watch it. I’ve often heard people say that if you watch reality TV, it’s a sign that your own life is boring. Why watch someone else’s life when you have your own to live? Why would you want to sit at home and watch someone else arguing about silly things on the TV?

Some people don’t like reality TV because they believe it doesn’t show true reality. The people in these programmes are regularly accused of acting and you often see a phrase flash up somewhere during the opening or closing credits informing that parts are scripted or set up. Viewers can feel cheated that the ‘reality’ they are watching isn’t completely real after all.

Whether you love or hate reality TV, it cannot be denied that this genre has increased in popularity over time, and while I understand it can be set up sometimes, I’m still so excited for Love Island to be back on our screens!

(Accessed on August 14th, 2017) http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine By Megan Blogger

I have a confession. I’m addicted to reality TV. I can’t get enough of it.

Very soon the new series of ITV’s Love Island will be starting and I’m literally counting down the days until it’s on my TV screen. It’s a show that sends single people abroad to live in a luxurious villa in the sun. The audience at home then watches their highs and lows, their arguments and how their relationships and friendships form and fall apart.

Love Island is just the tip of a huge reality TV iceberg. Other popular British programmes (which I also love) include I’m a Celebrity ... Get me Out of Here!, Big Brother and Geordie Shore. All these shows have something in common: people seem to either love them or hate them.

Perhaps we love them so much because they actually use real people instead of characters. Series and films with actors are great to watch but they aren’t real and we’re aware of that. With reality TV we can become more invested and more interested because the ‘characters’ are real and (usually) not acting.

Maybe we love reality TV because the people featured more often than not show the extremes of our society. Shows featuring ‘normal’ people or non-celebrities often include people with intense personalities who are bound to clash. Big Brother, which follows the lives of people living in a house together away from the outside world, always includes contestants with a range of personalities. It can be fascinating for us viewers to watch real people who perhaps wouldn’t usually interact with each other as they try to live together.

However, reality TV isn’t popular with everyone. Some people consider it sad to watch it. I’ve often heard people say that if you watch reality TV, it’s a sign that your own life is boring. Why watch someone else’s life when you have your own to live? Why would you want to sit at home and watch someone else arguing about silly things on the TV?

Some people don’t like reality TV because they believe it doesn’t show true reality. The people in these programmes are regularly accused of acting and you often see a phrase flash up somewhere during the opening or closing credits informing that parts are scripted or set up. Viewers can feel cheated that the ‘reality’ they are watching isn’t completely real after all.

Whether you love or hate reality TV, it cannot be denied that this genre has increased in popularity over time, and while I understand it can be set up sometimes, I’m still so excited for Love Island to be back on our screens!

(Accessed on August 14th, 2017) http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine By Megan Blogger

I have a confession. I’m addicted to reality TV. I can’t get enough of it.

Very soon the new series of ITV’s Love Island will be starting and I’m literally counting down the days until it’s on my TV screen. It’s a show that sends single people abroad to live in a luxurious villa in the sun. The audience at home then watches their highs and lows, their arguments and how their relationships and friendships form and fall apart.

Love Island is just the tip of a huge reality TV iceberg. Other popular British programmes (which I also love) include I’m a Celebrity ... Get me Out of Here!, Big Brother and Geordie Shore. All these shows have something in common: people seem to either love them or hate them.

Perhaps we love them so much because they actually use real people instead of characters. Series and films with actors are great to watch but they aren’t real and we’re aware of that. With reality TV we can become more invested and more interested because the ‘characters’ are real and (usually) not acting.

Maybe we love reality TV because the people featured more often than not show the extremes of our society. Shows featuring ‘normal’ people or non-celebrities often include people with intense personalities who are bound to clash. Big Brother, which follows the lives of people living in a house together away from the outside world, always includes contestants with a range of personalities. It can be fascinating for us viewers to watch real people who perhaps wouldn’t usually interact with each other as they try to live together.

However, reality TV isn’t popular with everyone. Some people consider it sad to watch it. I’ve often heard people say that if you watch reality TV, it’s a sign that your own life is boring. Why watch someone else’s life when you have your own to live? Why would you want to sit at home and watch someone else arguing about silly things on the TV?

Some people don’t like reality TV because they believe it doesn’t show true reality. The people in these programmes are regularly accused of acting and you often see a phrase flash up somewhere during the opening or closing credits informing that parts are scripted or set up. Viewers can feel cheated that the ‘reality’ they are watching isn’t completely real after all.

Whether you love or hate reality TV, it cannot be denied that this genre has increased in popularity over time, and while I understand it can be set up sometimes, I’m still so excited for Love Island to be back on our screens!

(Accessed on August 14th, 2017) http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine By Megan Blogger

I have a confession. I’m addicted to reality TV. I can’t get enough of it.

Very soon the new series of ITV’s Love Island will be starting and I’m literally counting down the days until it’s on my TV screen. It’s a show that sends single people abroad to live in a luxurious villa in the sun. The audience at home then watches their highs and lows, their arguments and how their relationships and friendships form and fall apart.

Love Island is just the tip of a huge reality TV iceberg. Other popular British programmes (which I also love) include I’m a Celebrity ... Get me Out of Here!, Big Brother and Geordie Shore. All these shows have something in common: people seem to either love them or hate them.

Perhaps we love them so much because they actually use real people instead of characters. Series and films with actors are great to watch but they aren’t real and we’re aware of that. With reality TV we can become more invested and more interested because the ‘characters’ are real and (usually) not acting.

Maybe we love reality TV because the people featured more often than not show the extremes of our society. Shows featuring ‘normal’ people or non-celebrities often include people with intense personalities who are bound to clash. Big Brother, which follows the lives of people living in a house together away from the outside world, always includes contestants with a range of personalities. It can be fascinating for us viewers to watch real people who perhaps wouldn’t usually interact with each other as they try to live together.

However, reality TV isn’t popular with everyone. Some people consider it sad to watch it. I’ve often heard people say that if you watch reality TV, it’s a sign that your own life is boring. Why watch someone else’s life when you have your own to live? Why would you want to sit at home and watch someone else arguing about silly things on the TV?

Some people don’t like reality TV because they believe it doesn’t show true reality. The people in these programmes are regularly accused of acting and you often see a phrase flash up somewhere during the opening or closing credits informing that parts are scripted or set up. Viewers can feel cheated that the ‘reality’ they are watching isn’t completely real after all.

Whether you love or hate reality TV, it cannot be denied that this genre has increased in popularity over time, and while I understand it can be set up sometimes, I’m still so excited for Love Island to be back on our screens!

(Accessed on August 14th, 2017) http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/magazine By Megan Blogger

Analise as proposições em relação à obra Melhores poemas, Manuel Bandeira, e ao Texto 1, e assinale (V) para verdadeira e (F) para falsa.

( ) A leitura da estrofe sete leva o leitor a inferir que o poeta dá preferência ao lirismo mais autêntico, dos loucos, dos bêbedos e dos clowns, não preso a valores sociais, em detrimento de um lirismo tradicional.

( ) Nos versos “Quero antes o lirismo dos loucos” (20) e “O lirismo difícil e pungente dos bêbedos” (22) se os vocábulos destacados forem substituídos por pelos, não há prejuízo quanto ao sentido original do texto e quanto à regência.

( ) Nos versos “Será contabilidade tabela de cossenos secretário do amante exemplar com” (17) e “cem modelos de cartas e as diferentes maneiras de” (18) os vocábulos assinalados, embora possuam classificação gramatical diferente, não se flexionam para indicar o gênero masculino ou feminino, sendo que a indicação de gênero ocorre por meio de modificadores.

( ) O sinal gráfico ( [ ) nos versos 4, 6, 18 e 19, usado para intercalar as estruturas poéticas – versos, assume uma outra função, a de reforçar o descomprometimento com as regras gramaticais, conferindo à nova forma de escrever também um novo valor poético e literário.

( ) No verso “Quero antes o lirismo dos loucos” (20) o verbo, quanto à transitividade, é bitransitivo, pois tem como complementos verbais objeto direto – lirismo, e objeto indireto dos loucos.

Assinale a alternativa correta, de cima para baixo.

Analise as proposições em relação à obra Um lugar na janela 2: relatos de viagem, Martha Medeiros, e ao Texto 2.

I. Nos vocábulos “tailandesa” (linha 6), “tailandês” (linha 10) e “motoristas” (linha 7), os sufixos destacados exprimem ideia de nacionalidade ou origem, nacionalidade ou origem e profissão ou ofício, sequencialmente.

II. Nas estruturas “o jantar foi no tradicionalíssimo Blue Elephant” (linha 1) e “o mais prestigiado da cozinha thai” (linha 2) há dois tipos de superlativos, na primeira estrutura o superlativo absoluto analítico e na segunda o relativo de superioridade

III. Da leitura da obra, infere-se que há um desdobramento da autora, abrindo espaço para a viajante, deixando fluir as melhores e reais lembranças dela, em forma de crônica.

IV. A leitura da obra leva o leitor a perceber que, em um estilo muito especial, a cronista desvenda o que de melhor se leva de uma viagem: as recordações, sejam estas aprazíveis ou desagradáveis.

V. Apesar de a obra ser composta por relatos de viagens, a autora, com a sua capacidade criativa, narra de forma eloquente os locais visitados, com o objetivo de transformar parte da sua obra literária em um guia turístico.

Assinale a alternativa correta.