Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

TEXT 1

Houston’s Poor Neighborhoods Could Be Prime Zika Real Estate

The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned of the potential for the explosive spread of the Zika virus through the Americas. Margaret Chan, the director of the WHO, advised that the Americas could be hit by 4 million cases of Zika this year. The outbreak of Zika virus now centered in Brazil has been linked to a sudden increase in severe birth defects including microcephaly, babies born with smaller heads and brains. The National Public Radio – USA (NPR) recently reported that other neurological problems, such as babies born blind, may also be linked to Zika. Researchers do not fully understand Zika or have not yet proven causality, but the circumstantial evidence connecting the Zika outbreak to the sudden, large increase in birth defects is very strong.

Reports quoted experts who said that Zika was a low risk to the United States because the U.S. doesn’t have the poverty and high population densities that have caused the explosive spread of Zika in Brazil. However, Dr. Peter Hotez, a tropical disease researcher who lives in Texas, has warned that poverty and high population density makes Houston highly vulnerable to a Zika outbreak. He warned that the whole Mexican Gulf coast is already sufferingfrom increasing levels of tropical diseases spread by mosquitoes, in particular dengue fever. Because Zika virus is related to dengue fever and has the same mosquito vector, the expansion of dengue in the Gulf coast region is a good indicator of the potential spread of Zika virus

Adapted from: <http://www.democraticunderground.com/

112796307>

O conector “However”, no segundo parágrafo do TEXTO 1, estabelece uma relação de

The classic fairy tale finishes by the woodchopper killing another character. However, this does not happen in this modern version.

In the end of this version, the woodchopper carries out the act of:

A fairy tale consists of both narrative and descriptive sequences.

The lines of the story that present predominantly descriptive sequences are:

This modern version of the fairy tale Little Red Riding Hood addresses different social issues.

One of these issues is:

No primeiro parágrafo, o autor apresenta uma caracterização negativa do mundo atual, ao mesmo tempo que propõe um procedimento de análise desse contexto que permitiria superá-lo.

Esse procedimento de análise está explicado em:

Talvez eu tivesse encontrado a história que todos nós procuramos nas páginas dos livros e nas telas dos cinemas: uma história na qual as estrelas e eu éramos os protagonistas. (l. 21-22)

Na frase acima, o autor procura delimitar um sentido para a palavra história por meio dos trechos destacados.

Esses trechos apresentam uma formulação do seguinte tipo:

Umberto Eco narra, no segundo parágrafo do texto, uma experiência surpreendente que vivenciou.

Pode-se compreender essa experiência pela relação que se estabelece entre os seguintes elementos:

aos cães domesticados se ensina

a andar sempre atrás do dono

mas os cães o passado só aparentemente nos pertencem (v. 12-14)

Nesses versos, sugere-se uma ideia a respeito da relação entre cães e seres humanos. Essa ideia, no verso destacado, recebe da poeta a seguinte avaliação:

Como desertava, meu bisavô Antônio foi levado em um bote até o navio que já se afastava do porto de Gênova. (l. 6-7)

O trecho sublinhado estabelece com o restante da frase o sentido de: 

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Disparity in life spans of the rich and the poor is growing

Sabrina Tavernise

February 12, 2016

                

      Experts have long known that rich people generally live longer than poor people. But a growing body of data shows a more disturbing pattern: Despite big advances in medicine, technology and education, the longevity gap between high-income and low-income Americans has been widening sharply.

      The poor are losing ground not only in income, but also in years of life, the most basic measure of well-being. In the early 1970s, a 60-year-old man in the top half of the earnings ladder could expect to live 1.2 years longer than a man of the same age in the bottom half, according to an analysis by the Social Security Administration. Fast-forward to 2001, and he could expect to live 5.8 years longer than his poorer counterpart.

      New research released this month contains even more jarring numbers. Looking at the extreme ends of the income spectrum, economists at the Brookings Institution found that for men born in 1920, there was a six-year difference in life expectancy between the top 10 percent of earners and the bottom 10 percent. For men born in 1950, that difference had more than doubled, to 14 years. For women, the gap grew to 13 years, from 4.7 years. “There has been this huge spreading out,” said Gary Burtless, one of the authors of the study.

      The growing chasm is alarming policy makers, and has surfaced in the presidential campaign. During a Democratic debate, Senator Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton expressed concern over shortening life spans for some Americans. “This may be the next frontier of the inequality discussion,” said Peter Orszag, a former Obama administration official now at Citigroup, who was among the first to highlight the pattern. The causes are still being investigated, but public health researchers say that deep declines in smoking among the affluent and educated may partly explain the difference.

      Overall, according to the Brookings study, life expectancy for the bottom 10 percent of wage earners improved by just 3 percent for men born in 1950 compared with those born in 1920. For the top 10 percent, though, it jumped by about 28 percent. (The researchers used a common measure – life expectancy at age 50 – and included data from 1984 to 2012.)

                                                                            (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho do quinto parágrafo “For the top 10 percent, though, it jumped by about 28 percent.”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por