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    Inglês

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    The fantastic appeal of fantasy

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Centro Universitário São Camilo 2019, Adjetivos | Adjectives
    The fantasy genre starts where science ends

         Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 
       The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.
         Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.
        “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 
         A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.
         Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.
         I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

    (Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

    1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.
    2sword: espada.
    3sorcery: feitiçaria.
    4boundary: fronteira.
    5trapdoor: alçapão
    O trecho sublinhado em “the genre is as broad as the imagination” (3° parágrafo) expressa uma
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    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    The fantastic appeal of fantasy

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Centro Universitário São Camilo 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    The fantasy genre starts where science ends

         Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 
       The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.
         Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.
        “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 
         A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.
         Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.
         I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

    (Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

    1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.
    2sword: espada.
    3sorcery: feitiçaria.
    4boundary: fronteira.
    5trapdoor: alçapão
    According to the author, the “unprecedented fantasy boom” (2nd paragraph) is related to the fact that
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    Inglês

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    Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    The fantastic appeal of fantasy

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Centro Universitário São Camilo 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    The fantasy genre starts where science ends

         Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 
       The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.
         Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.
        “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 
         A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.
         Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.
         I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

    (Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

    1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.
    2sword: espada.
    3sorcery: feitiçaria.
    4boundary: fronteira.
    5trapdoor: alçapão
    According to the first paragraph, the author reveals that he first got interested in the literary fantasy genre
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    Inglês

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    Read the comic strip bellow and answer question:

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    According to the comic strip, choose the best alternative:



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    Inglês

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    Read the following strip and answer question:



    SOURCE: http://www.englishact.com.br/2018/04/calvin-and-hobbes-comic-strips.html access on Oct 7th, 2019.

    From the strip we can infer that:
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    Inglês

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    Science Education in the United States of America

    (Audrey B. Champagne.)

        Science education in the United States of America is in the midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented because the movement is driven by national standards developed with support from the federal government. The standards for science education are redefining the character of science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate education of scientists and science teachers. Unlike the education in most countries of the world, education of students in kindergarten through grade twelve in the United States is not the responsibility of the federal government but is controlled by the individual states. States have the right to regulate all elements of the curriculum-the content all students are expected to learn, the structural organization of programs across all grades, the structural organization of the yearly curriculum in each subject, teaching methods, and textbooks. Historically, and even now, the states jealously guard all their rights and resist efforts by the federal government to exercise control over matters that are the responsibility of the states. The federal government's involvement in education has been to identify matters of national priority and to provide funds and other resources to the states to meet the national priorities. So, for instance, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States felt that its perceived preeminence in scientific research and its national safety were threatened, science education was identified as a national priority. The primary purpose of the federal government's initiatives was to encourage and upgrade the science education of young people who would become practicing scientists. This effort was not perceived by the states as an erosion of their rights because it was a response to a threat to the nation and was targeted on the science education of a relatively few students. The current situation is quite different.
        The federal government's underwriting of the development of national standards for education has the potential for shifting the control of the curriculum from the states to the federal government. This initiative, supported by the National Association of Governors, is the result of the concern of political, business and industrial leaders with the poor quality of education across the nation and with the effect this poor quality has on the U.S. position in the world economy. The goal of the standards movement from the prospective of political, business, and industrial leaders is to strengthen education so that the schools will produce graduates with the knowledge and skills required of them to be productive in the workplace.
       The pedagogy and attitudes of many teachers and professors alike has been that science is for the few. So little concern or effort was applied to make science interesting or to make learning it easy. Consequently, only highly motivated and highly intelligent students survived science courses. Thus it appears education in the natural sciences develops individuals who reason well, are critical thinkers, are creative problem solvers-in short, are intelligent. But, we must ask, does education in the natural sciences produce smarter people or do smart people survive science as it is taught? While historically the answer to the question may well have been survival, the national standards are based on the beliefs that science is for all and can produce smarter people.

    (Available: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ608194.pdf. Adapted.)
    The goal of the standards movement is to:
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    Inglês

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    Science Education in the United States of America

    (Audrey B. Champagne.)

        Science education in the United States of America is in the midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented because the movement is driven by national standards developed with support from the federal government. The standards for science education are redefining the character of science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate education of scientists and science teachers. Unlike the education in most countries of the world, education of students in kindergarten through grade twelve in the United States is not the responsibility of the federal government but is controlled by the individual states. States have the right to regulate all elements of the curriculum-the content all students are expected to learn, the structural organization of programs across all grades, the structural organization of the yearly curriculum in each subject, teaching methods, and textbooks. Historically, and even now, the states jealously guard all their rights and resist efforts by the federal government to exercise control over matters that are the responsibility of the states. The federal government's involvement in education has been to identify matters of national priority and to provide funds and other resources to the states to meet the national priorities. So, for instance, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States felt that its perceived preeminence in scientific research and its national safety were threatened, science education was identified as a national priority. The primary purpose of the federal government's initiatives was to encourage and upgrade the science education of young people who would become practicing scientists. This effort was not perceived by the states as an erosion of their rights because it was a response to a threat to the nation and was targeted on the science education of a relatively few students. The current situation is quite different.
        The federal government's underwriting of the development of national standards for education has the potential for shifting the control of the curriculum from the states to the federal government. This initiative, supported by the National Association of Governors, is the result of the concern of political, business and industrial leaders with the poor quality of education across the nation and with the effect this poor quality has on the U.S. position in the world economy. The goal of the standards movement from the prospective of political, business, and industrial leaders is to strengthen education so that the schools will produce graduates with the knowledge and skills required of them to be productive in the workplace.
       The pedagogy and attitudes of many teachers and professors alike has been that science is for the few. So little concern or effort was applied to make science interesting or to make learning it easy. Consequently, only highly motivated and highly intelligent students survived science courses. Thus it appears education in the natural sciences develops individuals who reason well, are critical thinkers, are creative problem solvers-in short, are intelligent. But, we must ask, does education in the natural sciences produce smarter people or do smart people survive science as it is taught? While historically the answer to the question may well have been survival, the national standards are based on the beliefs that science is for all and can produce smarter people.

    (Available: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ608194.pdf. Adapted.)
    “Thus” (L52) introduces a/an:
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Adjetivos | Adjectives


    Backpacs” (title) - a large bag carried on the back.

    “strap” (l. 2) - a strip of leather, cloth or other flexible material.

    “lugging” (l. 5) - carrying something with great effort. “prof” (l. 8) - professor.

    “sprains” (l. 18) - injuries.

    “strains” (l. 18) - severe demands on physical strengh.

    The adjective that is in the superlative form is
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    The sentence “It has changed dramatically over the centuries since it first arrived on the shores of Britain from the north of Europe” (lines 104-107) contains a conjunction that introduces a
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    In the sentences “Such statistics can never fully represent the diversity of experiences that speakers of the language have” (lines 71-74) and “…changes that have occurred in the populations of those who speak the language.” (lines 52-54), the underlined clauses are classified as
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The new disease mentioned in the article is a consequence of
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). As far as emotions are considered, animals can feel


    ( ) happy.

    ( ) angry.


    ( ) scared.

    ( ) guilty.


    ( ) sympatheti


    The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The title that best suits the content of this text is
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    Inglês

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The writer thinks that
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    According to the author, the ad for a cancer cure is inadequate in that it
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    Inglês

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    Disabled Sports USA


        Since 1967, Disabled Sports USA has focused on one goal: to improve the lives of wounded warriors by providing sports and recreation opportunities.

        These sports opportunities transform the people we serve, highlighting the potential in each of us, embodied in our motto: “If I can do this, I can do anything!”.

        Testimonials Read what our athletes and their families have to say about Disabled Sports USA.

        “The hospital healed John's physical injury but Disabled Sports USA healed the family. Thank you for giving me my husband back!”

        MOLLIE BORDERS — Wife Wounded Warrior John Borders

        “Disabled Sports USA showed me that everything I did before was still possible to do after my injury.”

        DEAN SCHWARTZ Wounded Warrior

    Disponível em: www.disabledsportsusa.org. Acesso em: 27 jul. 2014 (adaptado).

    Ao publicar depoimentos de pessoas beneficiadas por suas ações, a organização Disabled Sports USA objetiva
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    Inglês

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    Missing Dentures Found Stuck in Man's Throat 8 Days
    After Surgery

           Here’s why it’s best to remove false teeth before surgery: You just might swallow them.
        A medical journal is reporting the case of a 72- year-old British man whose partial dentures apparently got stuck in his throat during surgery and weren’t discovered for eight days.
        The man went to the emergency room because he was having a hard time swallowing and was coughing up blood. Doctors ordered a chest X-ray, diagnosed him with what they wrongly thought was pneumonia and sent him home with antibiotics and steroids. It took another hospital visit before another X-ray revealed the problem: His dentures — a metal roof plate and three false teeth — lodged at the top of his throat.
        The man thought his dentures were lost while he was in the hospital for minor surgery. How it happened isn’t exactly clear, but a halfdozen previous cases have been documented of dentures going astray as surgical patients were put to sleep.
         Placing a tube in a patient’s airway can push things where they don’t belong, said Dr. Mary Dale Peterson, an anesthesiologist at Driscoll Children’s Hospital in Corpus Christi, Texas.
         Besides dentures, retainers, loose teeth and tongue piercings can cause problems, said Peterson, who is president-elect of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Before a child’s surgery, she’ll pull a very loose tooth and tell the patient to expect a visit from the tooth fairy. "We can make a nice game of it."
         In the British case, after the dentures were removed, the man had several bouts of bleeding that required more surgery before he recovered. The journal article didn’t identify the man or the hospital involved. […]

    Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/man-s-missingdentures-were-found-stuck-his-throat-8-n1041641 (edited).

    In reference with the text, it is INCORRECT to affirm that by the time the man went to the emergency room:

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    Inglês

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    America’s social-media addiction is getting worse


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


       A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

        Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

    (www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

    No trecho do segundo parágrafo “largely due to a ‘social comparison’ phenomenon”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
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    Inglês

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    America’s social-media addiction is getting worse


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (Sources: Pew Research Centre; e Marketer)


       A survey in January and February 2019 from the Pew Research Centre, a think tank, found that 69% of American adults use Facebook; of these users, more than half visit the site “several times a day”. YouTube is even more popular, with 73% of adults saying they watch videos on the platform. For those aged 18 to 24, the figure is 90%. Instagram, a photo-sharing app, is used by 37% of adults. When Pew first conducted the survey in 2012, only a slim majority of Americans used Facebook. Fewer than one in ten had an Instagram account.

        Americans are also spending more time than ever on social-media sites like Facebook. There is evidence that limiting such services might yield health benefits. A paper published last year by Melissa Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson and Jordyn Young, all of the University of Pennsylvania, found that limiting social-media usage to 10 minutes a day led to reductions in loneliness, depression, anxiety and fear. Another paper from 2014 identified a link between heavy social-media usage and depression, largely due to a “social comparison” phenomenon, whereby users compare themselves to others and come away with lower evaluations of themselves. 

    (www.economist.com, 08.08.2019. Adaptado.)

    According to the second paragraph, the paper published by researchers of the University of Pennsylvania showed that
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