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    As Games End, Rio Celebrates While Looking Warily to Future
    By SIMON ROMERO and ANDREW JACOBS
    AUG. 21, 2016

    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Federal do Amazonas 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Federal do Amazonas 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Os cariocas devem se congratular pela:
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Last month, University of Washington sophomores Navid Azodi and Thomas Pryor won the 2016 Lemelson-MIT student prize for creating “SignAloud” – gloves that recognize the hand gestures of ASL (American Sign Language) and translate it into text and speech. The gloves are worn on both hands and contain sensors that record movement and send data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a central computer, which interprets words and phrases through a speaker.

    The team was one of seven winners in the “Use It” undergraduate category that recognizes technology- -based inventions to improve consumer devices. They were awarded $10,000. For Azodi, the idea sprang from personal experience: At 18 months old, a severe seizure took away his speech. “I didn’t speak until I was seven years old,” he told NBC News. “I used non-verbal communication and basic sign language. For years, I had to go to speech therapy.” Doctors said Azodi would be handicapped and suggested he focus on English and sign language. Though he was born in the United States, Azodi’s parents were from Iran and spoke Farsi. “I understood what it was like to have a communication barrier and I could see how technology could be a useful tool,” he said. Azodi shared his story and the two inventors “bonded in problem solving,” according to Pryor, who studies astronautics engineering. Their prototype gloves, which cost about $100, are lightweight and compact, unlike other devices on the market. “They are a lot more ergonomic,” Pryor told NBC News. “Some devices use video input for gesture and others have impractical sensors all over the body. We wanted to focus on something that consumers would buy.” “We were not really expecting something of this magnitude,” Pryor told NBC News. “It was a personal project between the two of us and something fun to do. It goes to show what opportunities are around the corner.” The students reached out to the deaf community to guide them in grammar and syntax and how the gloves might be used. Pryor said getting feedback had been a “humbling experience.” The gloves have just as much potential for those who hear and want to learn ASL. They also have medical potential to help stroke victims during rehabilitation. Since the prize was announced, the students have received inquiries from investors and manufacturers, some offering technical support. But they caution that the gloves are just an early prototype and work still needs to be done before they are ready to market. “We want to take it further, to push it ahead,” Azodi said. “It has such great potential.”
    (Adaptado de: JAMES, S. D. College Students Win $10,000 Prize for Gloves that Translate Sign Language. In NBC News.23 maio 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/college-game-plan/college-students-win-10-000-prize-glovestranslate-sign-language-n577636>. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2016.)
    Com base no texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.

    I. Os times de competidores foram premiados pelo aperfeiçoamento de aparelhos.
    II. O invento de Pryor e Azodi derrotou sete outros competidores na disputa.
    III. Pryor e Azodi venceram dois prêmios universitários pela criação de “SignAloud”.
    IV. “Use it” premia inovações tecnológicas elaboradas por alunos de graduação.

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    Leia o infográfico a seguir e responda à questão.



    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (EDMONDS, K. Report Back: your action against Illegal Wildlife Trade. In WWF-Canada Blog. 16 abr. 2013. Disponível em: <http://blog.wwf.ca/blog/2013/04/16/report-back-your-action-against-illegal-wildlife-trade/>. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2016.)

    Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente, o principal objetivo do texto.
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FGV 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    With respect to Henriette Reker, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FGV 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension 

    With respect to the events on New Year’s Eve, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
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    Read the film review below and answer the questions that follow.


    INSIDE JOB – REVIEW - 4/5 STARS

    How did the financial crash of 2008 happen? This documentary, narrated by Matt Damon, does a good job of explaining a complex story of credit and discredit.


    (…)
    This film is as gripping as any thriller. Aided by some fascinating interviews, Ferguson lays out an awful story. In the 1980s, the markets and financial services were deregulated, and the driving force for this liberalisation was Alan Greenspan, formidable chairman of the US federal reserve board from 1987 to 2006. Banks and loan companies were freer to gamble with their depositors' money; they were themselves freer to borrow more; they were free to offer investors dizzyingly complex financial instruments, with income streams from different debts bundled up, including high-interest home loans offered to high-risk borrowers – the so-called "sub-prime" market that offered mouthwateringly high returns.

    (…)
    Perhaps the most sensational aspect of this film is Ferguson's contention that the crash corrupted the discipline of economics itself. Distinguished economists from America's Ivy League universities were drafted in by banks to compose reports sycophantically supporting reckless deregulation. They were massively paid for these consultancies. The banks bought the prestige of the academics, and their universities' prestige, too. Ferguson speaks to many of these economists, who clearly thought they were going to be interviewed as wry, dispassionate observers. It is really something to see the expression of shock, outrage and fear on their faces as they realise they're in the dock. One splutters with vexation; another gives vent to a ripe Freudian slip. Asked by Ferguson if he has any regrets about his behaviour, he says: "I have no comments … uh, no regrets."

    This is what Ferguson means by "inside job". There is a revolving door between the banks and the higher reaches of government, and to some extent the groves of academe. Bank CEOs become government officials, creating laws convenient for their once and future employers.

    Perhaps only the pen of Tom Wolfe could do justice to these harassed, bald, middle-aged masters of the universe, as they appear in Ferguson's film. The director shows how their body-language is always the same: somehow more guilty-looking when they are in the White House rose garden in their career pomp, being introduced to the press, than when they are facing openly hostile Senate hearings. They look uneasy, shifty, in weirdly ill-fitting suits, as if they are oppressed by the scrutiny, and worn out, possibly, by the strain of suppressing their own scruples. Their financial capacity far outstrips their capacity for enjoying themselves. They look very unhappy. Occasionally, British figures including Mervyn King and Alistair Darling are to be glimpsed in these photos, reminding us that we Brits have been ardent deregulators, as well.

    (…)
    I was reminded of Michael Lewis's Liar's Poker, his very funny book about the financial mentality of the 80s boom. He noted that if a regular person won the lottery, he might roll around on the floor, kicking his legs up with glee, but when bankers won their arbitrary lottery, they instead became solemn, pompous, overwhelmed with their own importance and stateliness. Their recklessness and excess coexisted with an almost priestly sense of worth. Even more than rich lawyers, rich bankers felt that their money proved their superior cleverness and also moral worthiness as the generators of prosperity. Yet that prosperity didn't trickle down very far.
    Source: http://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/feb/17/inside-job-review Access October 10, 2015.
    ‘The groves of academe’, on the review:
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    Text 3


    Facebook is a social networking service and Web site launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. As of July 2011, Facebook has more than 800 million active users. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Really Good Friends". The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook allows any users who declare themselves to be at least 13 years old to become registered users of the site.
    Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The Web site's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. However, based on ConsumersReports.org on May 2011, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts, violating the site's terms of service.
    A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace. Entertainment Weekly included the site on its end-of-thedecade "best-of" list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?" Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Nevertheless, Facebook's Market growth started to stall in some regions, with the site losing 7 million active users in the United States and Canada in May 2011.
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    According to the text 3:


    I. Facebook is a website created merely for chatting.
    II. Everyone is allowed to have an account according to the site´s terms of service.
    III. The website is actively growing in North America.
    IV. Facebook was created by a Harvard student.


    The alternative that shows the correct items is:
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    Text 2


    Facebook is a social networking service and Web site launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. As of July 2011, Facebook has more than 800 million active users. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Really Good Friends". The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook allows any users who declare themselves to be at least 13 years old to become registered users of the site.
    Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The Web site's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. However, based on ConsumersReports.org on May 2011, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts, violating the site's terms of service.
    A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace. Entertainment Weekly included the site on its end-of-thedecade "best-of" list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?" Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Nevertheless, Facebook's Market growth started to stall in some regions, with the site losing 7 million active users in the United States and Canada in May 2011.
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    According to the text 2:


    I. Facebook is a website created merely for chatting.
    II. Everyone is allowed to have an account according to the site´s terms of service.
    III. The website is actively growing in North America.
    IV. Facebook was created by a Harvard student.


    The alternative that shows the correct items is:
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    Considere a introdução de uma crítica a filmes de animação para responder à questão.


    Agitating With Animation

         No one, post-Charlie Hebdo, can doubt a cartoon’s capacity to change the world - R. Crumb’s breezy remonstrance “It’s only lines on paper, folks!” notwithstanding. Animated cartoons are generally more circumspect than static drawings, but some have been agitators as well. [...]

    (www.nytimes.com - acesso em 19/08/2015)
    Segundo o texto:
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    Considere a tabela a seguir para responder a questão.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Escola Superior de Administração, Marketing e Comunicação 2015, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (www.globaledge.msu.edu - acesso em 10/02/2015)

    De acordo com os dados da tabela,
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    Considere o texto adaptado a seguir para responder à questão.



    The First Solar-Powered Round-the-World Flight Has Begun


        The world's first round-the-world trip on a solar-powered plane got under way Monday with the initial leg from Abu Dhabi to the Omani capital, Muscat.
         Swiss pilots Bertrand Piccard and André Borschberg will pursue a recordshattering five-month journey, spanning 21,750 miles across several continents and two oceans, while using zero conventional fuel.
         The Solar Impulse-2's lightweight construction — weighing a mere 4,600 lb. — combined with its 236-ft. wingspan lined with 17,000 solar cells, makes it the first solar-powered aircraft capable of flying during both day and night. [...]
         The pilots have undergone rigorous preparation drills, and will forgo all sleep longer than 20 minutes while airborne, practicing yoga and selfhypnosis to cope with their airborne ordeal. (Some stints will involve flying continuously for five days.) Rest stops will be spent advocating for their cleantechnology campaign.
    (www.time.com - acesso em 09/03/2015)
    Segundo as informações do texto, a primeira viagem ao redor do mundo em um avião movido à energia solar:
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    GLOBALISATION, HUMANISM, MODERNITY: IN SEARCH OF EQUILIBRIUM
    Monica Grigorescu*
    Our time has proved to be amazingly effective in gropingly building up a civilization which it has proved amazingly inept at putting in order. (André Maliaux)

        After so many crises which have followed each other in as many areas, we ought to admit that industrial and technological civilization is creating as many problems as it is capable of resolving. The myth of progress, one of the founding myths of our civilization, also appears to have collapsed as a myth. The development of modern society, spectacular as it is from an economist’s angle of vision, has not been able to society; stop a slide into human and moral underdevelopment. A deterioration of quality in relation to quantity makes only those things that can be actually measured appear to be real; unfortunately, things like poetry, suffering, or love are hardly quantifiable.

        Towards the end of his eventful life, Jean Monnet, a remarkable figure of the twentieth century, reasoned that, had he been able to start all over again, he would have begun with culture. A founding father of what was later to become the European Union, he expressed that belated belief in the pre-eminent role of culture as a part of greater civilization after he had tried for several decades to build a prosperous Europe in economic terms in the aftermath of a devastating war.

    *Director of the House of Latin America of the Ministry of Foreign Affair of Romania.
    Revista Direito Mackenzie
    I. Jean Monnet founded the European Union at the end of his life.
    II. Today technology isn’t as beneficial as it used to be.
    III. Poetry and love have been disregarded lately.
    IV. Quantity isn’t as relevant as quality nowadays.
    V. Progress has also been threatened by the world crisis.

    De acordo com as afirmações a respeito do texto acima, podemos dizer que
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    Read the text below and answer following four questions according to it.


    How stress affects your health

    Stress: We've all felt it. Sometimes stress can be a positive force, motivating you to perform well at your piano recital or job interview. But often — like when you're stuck in traffic — it's a negative force. If you experience stress over a prolonged period of time, it could become chronic — unless you take action.

    Even short-lived, minor stress can have an impact. You might get a stomach-ache before you have to give a presentation, for example. More major acute stress, whether caused by a fight with your spouse or an event like an earthquake or terrorist attack, can have an even bigger impact.

    Multiple studies have shown that these sudden emotional stresses — especially anger — can trigger heart attacks, arrhythmias and even sudden death.

    When stress starts interfering with your ability to live a normal life for an extended period, it becomes even more dangerous. The longer the stress lasts, the worse it is for both your mind and body. You might feel fatigued, unable to concentrate or irritable for no good reason, for example. But chronic stress causes wear and tear on your body, too.

    Stress can make existing problems worse. In one study, for example, about half the participants saw improvements in chronic headaches after learning how to stop the stressproducing habit of “catastrophizing,” or constantly thinking negative thoughts about their pain. Chronic stress may also cause disease, either because of changes in your body or the overeating, smoking and other bad habits people use to cope with stress. Other forms of chronic stress, such as depression and low levels of social support, have also been implicated in increased cardiovascular risk. And once you're sick, stress can also make it harder to recover. One analysis of past studies, for instance, suggests that cardiac patients with so-called “Type D” personalities — characterized by chronic distress — face higher risks of bad outcomes.

    Adaptado de: <http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress.aspx>

    Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.

    It seems that seeing things from a negative perspective
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    Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


    Girls’ rights 

    Can the movement achieve lasting change?

    A movement to protect and expand girls' rights around the world is gaining support from governments, international donors and advocacy groups. Improving girls' lives is not only a moral issue — research shows it also speeds economic development. Activists are pushing to end child marriage, educate all girls, improve their reproductive health and reduce violence and discrimination against them. Although girls' mortality and school enrollment rates have been improving, obstacles remain. Nearly 120 million girls do not attend primary school, and 15 million girls under 18 marry each year, often under duress, ending their schooling and putting them at risk for domestic violence and health complications. In some countries girls' progress is threatened by religious extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Activists say that to have lasting effects, girls' rights campaigns must establish effective onthe-ground programs that change societal attitudes as well as local policies.

    Disponível em: http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015041700> Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
    Underage girls’ marriages
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    Inglês

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    Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.


    Girls’ rights 

    Can the movement achieve lasting change?

    A movement to protect and expand girls' rights around the world is gaining support from governments, international donors and advocacy groups. Improving girls' lives is not only a moral issue — research shows it also speeds economic development. Activists are pushing to end child marriage, educate all girls, improve their reproductive health and reduce violence and discrimination against them. Although girls' mortality and school enrollment rates have been improving, obstacles remain. Nearly 120 million girls do not attend primary school, and 15 million girls under 18 marry each year, often under duress, ending their schooling and putting them at risk for domestic violence and health complications. In some countries girls' progress is threatened by religious extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and Boko Haram in Nigeria. Activists say that to have lasting effects, girls' rights campaigns must establish effective onthe-ground programs that change societal attitudes as well as local policies.

    Disponível em: http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2015041700> Acessado em 20 de outubro de 2015. 
    Girls’ rights movement
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    A brief survey of the short story part 47: Machado de Assis
    Still neglected by English readers, the Brazilian writer is one of the very greatest of the early modern era

    The Brazilian Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis is, to English-language readers, perhaps the most obscure of world literature’s great short-story writers. Producing work between 1869 and 1908, Machado wrote nine novels and more than 200 hundred stories, more than 60 of the latter appearing after 1880. This date marks the point at which Machado metamorphosed from a writer of romantic trifles into a master of psychological realism, seemingly overnight. The Brazilian poet and critic Augusto Meyer compared the shift to the one between Herman Melville’s earlier works and Moby-Dick.
    The evolutionary leap is unquestionable, although the precise reasons for it are unclear. Indeed, many uncertainties surround the biography of Machado, who was an intensely private person. Perhaps it’s no surprise that such a man should create a body of work that prizes the puzzle above the certainty. Meyer called ambiguity Machado’s most prominent theme and the translators Jake Schmitt and Lorie Ishimatsu agree, seeing it as being “in part the result of his subjective, relativistic world view, in which truth and reality, which are never absolutes, can only be approximated; no character relationships are stable, no issues are clear-cut, and the nature of everything is tenuous.” Machado writes with pleasurable clarity – he worked as a journalist for a time – but the straightforwardness of his stories is a camouflage for less obvious, more troubling cargo.
    (...)
    Machado’s most recent English translator, John Gledson, says the difficulty of translating him is capturing the right balance of distance, understanding and sympathy. Trapdoors to the unexpected open constantly in his work, from the sadism of “The Hidden Cause”, or the bleak violence of “Father versus Mother”, to the subtle play of what Michael Wood terms his “quiet, complicated humour”. Reading him prompts thoughts of so many different writers that he can only be unique. Poe’s chilling shadow falls across “The Hidden Cause” and “The Fortune-Teller”. “The Alienist” glitters with Swiftian satire. Machado’s shrewd, even devious work with the point of view of his narrators positions him alongside Henry James. Numerous stories anticipate the moral ambiguity of Chekhov’s mature work, in particular “A Singular Occurrence”. Machado’s literary mapping of Rio reaches back to the St Petersburg of Gogol and Dostoevsky, and anticipates the Dublin of Joyce. Finally, some of his more obviously strange works (nearly all of it is strange to some degree, which is part of its brilliance) evoke Borges and Kafka. Given all this, it’s little wonder that writer and critic Kevin Jackson would feel confident enough to claim that Machado “invented literary modernity, sui generis”.
    (...)
    At its most pessimistic, as at the conclusion of “Dona Paula”, all pleasure lies in a past that proves impossible to meaningfully access.
    This conception of a hollow, unreal present tied to a genuine but obliterated past finds a binary in Machado’s interest in the duality of the self, and the exploration of characters whose outer and inner personae differ radically. In “The Diplomat” this idea is expressed through the description of a man’s unexpressed passion for a friend’s daughter. In “A Famous Man” a hugely successful composer of polkas is wracked by his inability to compose ‘serious’ music. But it is in an earlier treatment of this theme, 1882’s “The Mirror”, that Machado captures the phenomenon most memorably. Alone in a desolate plantation house, Jacobina, a sub-lieutenant in the National Guard, finds his reflection growing dimmer and less distinct. The only way to bring it back into focus, and thus cling to reality, is to spend a period several hours each day standing before the mirror in his uniform. Jacobina steps out of this strange, haunting story to take his place alongside Chekhov’s Dmitri Gurov and Joyce’s Gabriel Conroy, men whose fatally divided selves leave them trapped in a limbo between their public and private personae. Just as the characters belong together, so do their creators; writing about Machado in 2002 Michael Wood complained, “Everyone who reads him thinks he is a master, but who reads him, and who has heard of him?” Not nearly so many as he deserves.
    Quotations from the stories are translated by John Gledson, Jack Schmitt and Lorie Ishimatsu.
    Source:POWER, Chris,The Guardian, Books Blog, Posted by Chris Power on Friday 1 March 2013 15.28 GMT http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/mar/01/survey-short-story-machado (Adapted) Access November, 2014

    Augusto Meyer, Jake Schmitt and Lorie Ishimatsu
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    A brief survey of the short story part 47: Machado de Assis
    Still neglected by English readers, the Brazilian writer is one of the very greatest of the early modern era

    The Brazilian Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis is, to English-language readers, perhaps the most obscure of world literature’s great short-story writers. Producing work between 1869 and 1908, Machado wrote nine novels and more than 200 hundred stories, more than 60 of the latter appearing after 1880. This date marks the point at which Machado metamorphosed from a writer of romantic trifles into a master of psychological realism, seemingly overnight. The Brazilian poet and critic Augusto Meyer compared the shift to the one between Herman Melville’s earlier works and Moby-Dick.
    The evolutionary leap is unquestionable, although the precise reasons for it are unclear. Indeed, many uncertainties surround the biography of Machado, who was an intensely private person. Perhaps it’s no surprise that such a man should create a body of work that prizes the puzzle above the certainty. Meyer called ambiguity Machado’s most prominent theme and the translators Jake Schmitt and Lorie Ishimatsu agree, seeing it as being “in part the result of his subjective, relativistic world view, in which truth and reality, which are never absolutes, can only be approximated; no character relationships are stable, no issues are clear-cut, and the nature of everything is tenuous.” Machado writes with pleasurable clarity – he worked as a journalist for a time – but the straightforwardness of his stories is a camouflage for less obvious, more troubling cargo.
    (...)
    Machado’s most recent English translator, John Gledson, says the difficulty of translating him is capturing the right balance of distance, understanding and sympathy. Trapdoors to the unexpected open constantly in his work, from the sadism of “The Hidden Cause”, or the bleak violence of “Father versus Mother”, to the subtle play of what Michael Wood terms his “quiet, complicated humour”. Reading him prompts thoughts of so many different writers that he can only be unique. Poe’s chilling shadow falls across “The Hidden Cause” and “The Fortune-Teller”. “The Alienist” glitters with Swiftian satire. Machado’s shrewd, even devious work with the point of view of his narrators positions him alongside Henry James. Numerous stories anticipate the moral ambiguity of Chekhov’s mature work, in particular “A Singular Occurrence”. Machado’s literary mapping of Rio reaches back to the St Petersburg of Gogol and Dostoevsky, and anticipates the Dublin of Joyce. Finally, some of his more obviously strange works (nearly all of it is strange to some degree, which is part of its brilliance) evoke Borges and Kafka. Given all this, it’s little wonder that writer and critic Kevin Jackson would feel confident enough to claim that Machado “invented literary modernity, sui generis”.
    (...)
    At its most pessimistic, as at the conclusion of “Dona Paula”, all pleasure lies in a past that proves impossible to meaningfully access.
    This conception of a hollow, unreal present tied to a genuine but obliterated past finds a binary in Machado’s interest in the duality of the self, and the exploration of characters whose outer and inner personae differ radically. In “The Diplomat” this idea is expressed through the description of a man’s unexpressed passion for a friend’s daughter. In “A Famous Man” a hugely successful composer of polkas is wracked by his inability to compose ‘serious’ music. But it is in an earlier treatment of this theme, 1882’s “The Mirror”, that Machado captures the phenomenon most memorably. Alone in a desolate plantation house, Jacobina, a sub-lieutenant in the National Guard, finds his reflection growing dimmer and less distinct. The only way to bring it back into focus, and thus cling to reality, is to spend a period several hours each day standing before the mirror in his uniform. Jacobina steps out of this strange, haunting story to take his place alongside Chekhov’s Dmitri Gurov and Joyce’s Gabriel Conroy, men whose fatally divided selves leave them trapped in a limbo between their public and private personae. Just as the characters belong together, so do their creators; writing about Machado in 2002 Michael Wood complained, “Everyone who reads him thinks he is a master, but who reads him, and who has heard of him?” Not nearly so many as he deserves.
    Quotations from the stories are translated by John Gledson, Jack Schmitt and Lorie Ishimatsu.
    Source:POWER, Chris,The Guardian, Books Blog, Posted by Chris Power on Friday 1 March 2013 15.28 GMT http://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/mar/01/survey-short-story-machado (Adapted) Access November, 2014

    The noun ‘shift’ on the first paragraph was used by
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    Cycling


    What's the furthest you have ever cycled?


    Perhaps you cycle to school or to work, or maybe at most a short cycling trip with friends? How would you feel about spending months on the road travelling solo from the UK to China, by bike?
    For British cyclist Pete Jones, camping rough and cycling long distances through inhospitable terrain are second nature. Mr Jones is currently undertaking a mammoth trip across the Eurasian continent from Britain to China.
    Pete Jones is no stranger to China. But he says many people there are puzzled by his passion for cycling, asking why he would choose to cycle when he can afford a car. Indeed, while there are an estimated 400 million bicycles in China, where it has long been the preferred form of transport, rapid economic growth has fuelled an explosive expansion in car ownership.
    Edward Genochio, another British cyclist who completed a 41,000km trip to China and back, said one of his aims was to "promote cycling as a safe, sustainable and environmentally benign means of getting about".
    In the UK, the last few years have seen a rise in the number of people choosing two wheels over four, with some estimates saying the number of people cycling to work has almost doubled in the last five years.
    Politicians also see cycling as a way to boost their eco-credentials, with people such as London mayor Boris Johnson often riding to work under his own steam. But we may have to wait some time before we see him emulating Pete Jones in attempting to cycle all the way to China!
    Fonte: www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/... 
    According to the text, judge the items and choose the CORRECT answer.


    I- People are cycling more because they want to lose weight.
    II- In the UK, people are choosing two wheels over four just because it’s cheaper.
    III- Cycling is a sustainable way of getting about and this means that cause no damage to the environment.
    IV- China has grown economically because of its major transportation method.
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    Considere o texto abaixo para responder à questão.


        Can Audio or Digital Books Improve Learning Outcomes?

        Children with learning disabilities (LD), like dyslexia, have trouble understanding words they read. Causes are unclear, but we now know that LD is not due to a lack of intelligence or a desire to learn.

         While dyslexia is a life-long condition, early identification, support from a parent or teacher, and access to digital or audio books and other learning materials may help your child to improve their learning outcomes and be better prepared to successfully work around their LD.

        Research now demonstrates that when children with LD are given accessible instructional materials (often referred to as AIM) — textbooks or learning materials that are delivered in audio and/or digital formats — they can excel in school and also learn to enjoy reading.
        Reading with digital (or e-books) and audio books can enrich a user's learning experience by engaging them in the content in multi-sensory ways.
    (National Center for Learning Disabilities. . p. 23. - acesso em 08/04/2014 The Dyslexia Toolkit )
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    Considere o texto abaixo para responder à questão.


        Can Audio or Digital Books Improve Learning Outcomes?

        Children with learning disabilities (LD), like dyslexia, have trouble understanding words they read. Causes are unclear, but we now know that LD is not due to a lack of intelligence or a desire to learn.

         While dyslexia is a life-long condition, early identification, support from a parent or teacher, and access to digital or audio books and other learning materials may help your child to improve their learning outcomes and be better prepared to successfully work around their LD.

        Research now demonstrates that when children with LD are given accessible instructional materials (often referred to as AIM) — textbooks or learning materials that are delivered in audio and/or digital formats — they can excel in school and also learn to enjoy reading.
        Reading with digital (or e-books) and audio books can enrich a user's learning experience by engaging them in the content in multi-sensory ways.
    (National Center for Learning Disabilities. . p. 23. - acesso em 08/04/2014 The Dyslexia Toolkit )
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