Questões: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU-MG) — com gabarito

    Obesity is an epidemic that represents a public health challenge. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2025, the total number of adults living with obesity is expected to increase by more than 115% between 2010 and 2030, rising from 524 million to 1.13 billion. The scenario is even more concerning because most countries worldwide lack sufficient plans and policies to address rising obesity levels.

    It is in this context that the so-called “weight-loss pens” are gaining increasing traction. These are injectable medications that mimic the action of the intestinal hormone GLP-1 (and, in some cases, also GIP), increasing satiety and improving glycemic control. Initially developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, these drugs are also now among the main approved therapies for obesity treatment.

     GLP-1 agonists are medications that mimic the action of the body’s natural hormone called GLP-1 (glucagon‐like peptide‐1), which plays a role in blood sugar control. They bind to receptors on cells – like fitting into a “lock” – and activate these receptors to produce effects similar to those the hormone itself would cause. This is the case with semaglutide.

    Dual agonists work similarly but act on two different receptors simultaneously: in addition to GLP-1, they also act on GIP, an acronym for gastric inhibitory polypeptide. This is the case with tirzepatide, which acts on the brain and gastrointestinal tract to reduce appetite, increase satiety, and slow gastric emptying.

    Although effective for weight loss, the rapid weight reduction promoted by these medications is not limited to the loss of body fat. Part of the weight lost can also come from lean mass, which is composed of muscles, bones, and organs.

Disponível em: https://myminerva.minervafoods.com. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2025.

Com base no texto, analise as asserções. 

I. De acordo com o Atlas Mundial da Obesidade de 2025, estima-se que os índices de obesidade terão mais que o dobro do crescimento entre 2010 e 2030.

II. A maioria dos países possui estratégias e políticas eficazes para combater as crescentes taxas de obesidade.

III. As chamadas “canetas emagrecedoras” atuam na mimetização dos hormônios do intestino, tais como o GLP-1 e, em alguns casos, o GIP.

IV. Os agentes agonistas ou imitadores, tais como a tirzepatida, atuam em dois receptores hormonais simultaneamente.

V. A perda de peso causada por esses medicamentos impacta na diminuição da gordura corporal e não reduz a massa magra.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas asserções corretas. 

    Every year, 6.5 million dogs, cats, and other former pets are abandoned or lost and enter shelters. But of all these animals, only 3.2 million are adopted and many see shelters again after less than a year of finding a new home.

    Deciding to adopt a pet is an enormous responsibility. As such, many people choose to foster these pets as the shelters search for a permanent home. If you yourself choose to adopt permanently, be sure you are financially stable enough to support a living creature, have enough space for the pet to be comfortable, and that all other living creatures in the house (other pets, children, adults) are willing for such a big change.

    With publicly available data from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Humane Society and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, we can better understand the unfortunate circumstances so many pets find themselves in, to better improve their short lives.

Disponível em: https://www.thezebra.com. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2025.

De acordo com o texto, o que deve ser considerado por alguém interessado na adoção de um animal de estimação?  

Disponível em: https://ingles-para-todos1.webnode.page/charges/. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2025.

What does the expression “Well, I’ll be!”, used by the girl, convey? 

    O processo Kraft é um método químico de obtenção de celulose. A madeira é picada e cozida em um meio alcalino chamado licor branco, uma solução composta principalmente por hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e sulfeto de sódio (Na₂S). Esse licor promove a quebra das ligações da lignina, permitindo a liberação das fibras de celulose. Após o cozimento, a mistura resultante — contendo celulose e o licor que dissolveu a lignina — forma o licor negro, rico em lignina degradada, compostos orgânicos e reagentes químicos remanescentes. A celulose é separada, lavada e segue para branqueamento. O licor negro é então concentrado e queimado em caldeiras especiais, permitindo recuperar parte dos reagentes químicos, que são posteriormente reprocessados para regenerar o licor branco, fechando o ciclo químico do processo.

Disponível em: https://www.quimica.com.br/producao-de-acido-sulfurico-a-partir-de-gases-odoriferos/. Acesso em: 5 de dez. 2025.

Com base no texto sobre o processo Kraft de obtenção de celulose, assinale a alternativa correta.