Questões: Universidade de São Paulo (USP) — com gabarito

    I knew TikTok existed, but I didn't fully understand what it was until a few months ago. I also realized that something radical, yet largely invisible, is happening on the internet - with implications we still don't understand.

    When I was growing up, I took it for granted that the people who became famous enough to be listened to by a crowd had worked hard for that accolade and generally operated with the support of an institution or an established industry.

    The idea that I, as a teenager in my bedroom, might suddenly communicate with 100,000 people or more, would have seemed bizarre.

    Today's kids no longer see life in these hierarchical and institutional terms. Yes, their physical worlds are often constrained by parental controls, a lack of access to the outdoors and insane over-scheduling.

    But despite that (or, more accurately, in reaction to that), they see the internet as a constantly evolving frontier, where it is still possible for a bold and lucky pioneer to grab some land or find a voice. Most voices on the internet never travel beyond a relatively small network, and much of the content that goes viral on platforms such as TikTok, YouTube or Instagram does so because of unseen institutions at work (for example, a public relations team aiming to boost a celebrity's profile).

    Fame can suddenly appear - and then just as suddenly be taken away again, because the audience gets bored, the platform's algorithms change or the cultural trend that a breakout video has tapped into goes out of fashion.

    For a teenager, social media can seem like a summer garden at dusk filled with fireflies: spots of lights suddenly flare up and then die down, moving in an unpredictable, capricious display.

    Is this a bad thing? We will not know for several years.

Financial Times. 5 February 2020. Adaptado. 

    I knew TikTok existed, but I didn't fully understand what it was until a few months ago. I also realized that something radical, yet largely invisible, is happening on the internet - with implications we still don't understand.

    When I was growing up, I took it for granted that the people who became famous enough to be listened to by a crowd had worked hard for that accolade and generally operated with the support of an institution or an established industry.

    The idea that I, as a teenager in my bedroom, might suddenly communicate with 100,000 people or more, would have seemed bizarre.

    Today's kids no longer see life in these hierarchical and institutional terms. Yes, their physical worlds are often constrained by parental controls, a lack of access to the outdoors and insane over-scheduling.

    But despite that (or, more accurately, in reaction to that), they see the internet as a constantly evolving frontier, where it is still possible for a bold and lucky pioneer to grab some land or find a voice. Most voices on the internet never travel beyond a relatively small network, and much of the content that goes viral on platforms such as TikTok, YouTube or Instagram does so because of unseen institutions at work (for example, a public relations team aiming to boost a celebrity's profile).

    Fame can suddenly appear - and then just as suddenly be taken away again, because the audience gets bored, the platform's algorithms change or the cultural trend that a breakout video has tapped into goes out of fashion.

    For a teenager, social media can seem like a summer garden at dusk filled with fireflies: spots of lights suddenly flare up and then die down, moving in an unpredictable, capricious display.

    Is this a bad thing? We will not know for several years.

Financial Times. 5 February 2020. Adaptado. 

I ain't gonna work on Maggie's farm no more

I ain't gonna work on Maggie's farm no more

Well, I wake up in the morning

Fold my hands and pray for rain

I got a head full of ideas

That are drivin' me insane

It's a shame the way she makes me scrub the floor

I ain't gonna work on Maggie's farm no more

I ain't gonna work for Maggie's brother no more

I ain't gonna work for Maggie's brother no more

Well, he hands you a nickel

He hands you a dime

He asks you with a grin

If you're havin' a good time

Then he fines you every time you slam the door

I ain't gonna work for Maggie's brother no more

I ain't gonna work for Maggie's pa no more

No, I ain't gonna work for Maggie's pa no more

Well, he puts his cigar out in your face just for kicks

His bedroom window it is made out of bricks

The National Guard stands around his door

Ah, I ain't gonna work for Maggie's pa no more, alright

Bob Dylan, "Maggie's Farm", do álbum Bringing it all back home, 1965.

Nestas estrofes, o conjunto de cenas descritas mostra que a principal dificuldade experimentada pela pessoa cuja história é contada na letra da música refere-se

Leia os provérbios:

1. Don't count your chickens before they lay eggs.

2. Don't bite the hand that feeds you.

3. Every cloud has a silver lining.

A alternativa que melhor expressa a ideia contida em cada um dos três provérbios, na ordem em que aparecem, é:

- Posso furar os olhos do povo?

Esta frase besta foi repetida muitas vezes e, em falta de coisa melhor, aceitei-a. Sem dúvida. As mulheres hoje não vivem como antigamente, escondidas, evitando os homens. Tudo é descoberto, cara a cara. Uma pessoa topa outra. Se gostou, gostou; se não gostou, até logo. E eu de fato não tinha visto nada. As aparências mentem. A terra não é redonda? Esta prova da inocência de Marina me pareceu considerável. Tantos indivíduos condenados injustamente neste mundo ruim! O retirante que fora encontrado violando afilha de quatro anos - estava ai um exemplo. As vizinhas tinham visto o homem afastando as pernas da menina, todo o mundo pensava que ele era um monstro. Engano. Quem pode lá jurar que isto é assim ou assado? Procurei mesmo capacitar-me de que Julião Tavares não existia. Julião Tavares era uma sensação. Uma sensação desagradável, que eu pretendia afastar de minha casa quando me juntasse àquela sensação agradável que ali estava a choramingar.

Graciliano Ramos, Angústia.

Em termos críticos, esse fragmento permite observar que, no plano maior do romance Angústia, o ponto de vista