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Questões: Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) — com gabarito
4.981 questões de Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), de 2009 a 2026. Cada uma tem página própria, com enunciado completo, alternativas e gabarito — e dá para responder na própria página.
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- En la frase “Comí las ciruelas por lo maduras que estaban” la partícula “lo” tiene función de
- Linguagens
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- Advérbios e Locuções Adverbiais | Adverbios y Locuciones Adverbiales
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La palabra “ayer” (línea 16) tiene función de
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TEXTO IIPORTÃO
ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.
Os dois superlativos (linhas 52-53) emprestam ao poema um tom de
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TEXTO IIPORTÃOANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: Carlos Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p. 506-507.
Atente ao que é dito sobre o vocábulo “insípida” (linha 50).I. Foi empregado na acepção de sem graça, desinteressante, monótono.II. Foi empregado no seu sentido literal, não figurado.III. A mudança da posição desse adjetivo para depois do substantivo não alteraria o significado do substantivo.Está correto o que se afirma somente em
- Linguagens
Inglês
TEXTBRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality. Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in billowing robes and wrap each utterance in grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when marquises and dukes held sway from their vast plantations.In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he would even be on the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former president impeached in 1992. With another justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief justice considered his condescending tone, telling him he was not his “capanga,” a term describing a hired thug.In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes — contending that the mentality of judges was “conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity.”“I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent interview in his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak my mind so much.”His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court — and him in particular — into a newfound political power and the subject of popular fascination.The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of Brasília’s admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous students, opening the way for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping affirmative action laws for higher education.In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the panel overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the country. And in an anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-buying scheme.Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its independence, long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked as a bricklayer.But his prominence — not just on the court, but in the streets as well — is so well established that masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have composed songs about his handling of the corruption trial and posted them on YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top choices for president in next year’s elections.While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they set off persists. The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so much in the public eye that gossip columnists are following his romance with a woman in her 20s — repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a candidate for anything,” he says.But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While he has won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every other prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal system, the revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on the defensive.One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000 in payments for untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami through a limited liability company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In statements, Mr. Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong.In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed race — but where blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political institutions and corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount of resistance.As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black student in its law program at the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea.Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has called “one of the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr. Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English, French and German, and earning a doctorate in law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice in the United States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high court toward socially liberal rulings.Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil’s public imagination as much as his handling of the trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly allowance, after the regular payments made to lawmakers in exchange for their votes.Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme, including bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in which impunity for politicians has been the norm.Now the mensalão trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times been visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found guilty and sentenced have managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other justices over their consideration of a rare legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at the high court are examined.Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this month of “chicanery” by using legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued among some who could not stomach Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that. “Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?” asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was qualified to preside over the court. “What powers does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?”Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to function properly. “It was always like this,” he said, contending that arguments are now just easier to see because the court’s proceedings are televised.Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he believed that the street movements were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.”“People don’t want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the elite, which were always the Brazilian tradition,” he said.
In the sentences “Mr. Barbosa took on the entire legal system,” “he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial,” and “Mr. Barbosa has at times been exasperated,” the verbs are, respectively, in the - Linguagens
Inglês
TEXTBRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality. Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in billowing robes and wrap each utterance in grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when marquises and dukes held sway from their vast plantations.In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he would even be on the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former president impeached in 1992. With another justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief justice considered his condescending tone, telling him he was not his “capanga,” a term describing a hired thug.In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes — contending that the mentality of judges was “conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity.”“I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent interview in his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak my mind so much.”His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court — and him in particular — into a newfound political power and the subject of popular fascination.The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of Brasília’s admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous students, opening the way for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping affirmative action laws for higher education.In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the panel overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the country. And in an anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-buying scheme.Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its independence, long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked as a bricklayer.But his prominence — not just on the court, but in the streets as well — is so well established that masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have composed songs about his handling of the corruption trial and posted them on YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top choices for president in next year’s elections.While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they set off persists. The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so much in the public eye that gossip columnists are following his romance with a woman in her 20s — repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a candidate for anything,” he says.But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While he has won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every other prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal system, the revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on the defensive.One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000 in payments for untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami through a limited liability company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In statements, Mr. Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong.In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed race — but where blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political institutions and corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount of resistance.As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black student in its law program at the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea.Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has called “one of the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr. Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English, French and German, and earning a doctorate in law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice in the United States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high court toward socially liberal rulings.Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil’s public imagination as much as his handling of the trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly allowance, after the regular payments made to lawmakers in exchange for their votes.Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme, including bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in which impunity for politicians has been the norm.Now the mensalão trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times been visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found guilty and sentenced have managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other justices over their consideration of a rare legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at the high court are examined.Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this month of “chicanery” by using legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued among some who could not stomach Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that. “Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?” asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was qualified to preside over the court. “What powers does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?”Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to function properly. “It was always like this,” he said, contending that arguments are now just easier to see because the court’s proceedings are televised.Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he believed that the street movements were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.”“People don’t want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the elite, which were always the Brazilian tradition,” he said.
The sentences “Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme” and “Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in the United States” contain, respectively, a/an - Linguagens
Espanhol
- Demonstrativos | Pronombres Demonstrativos
- Prova de 2013
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
- Código da questão: D7FD7186-B8
Apunta el uso correcto del demostrativo. - Linguagens
Inglês
TEXTHARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia.The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions.In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.“This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.From: www.nytimes.com
In the sentences “We’re building these models that have impact on human life.” and “She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service.” one finds, respectively, a/an
- Linguagens
Português
- Interpretação de Textos
- Prova de 2013
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
- Com imagem
- Código da questão: 1A094080-AF
TEXTO II
O texto II desta prova foi extraído do segundo capítulo da novela A indesejada aposentadoria, do escritor maranhense Josué Montello (*1917 — †2006). Contemporâneo dos escritores que fizeram o romance de 30, Montello enveredou por outro caminho: explorou a narrativa urbana. Escreveu uma das obras-primas da literatura brasileira: Os tambores de São Luís (1975). A novela A indesejada aposentadoria, de 1972, conta a história de Guihermino Pereira, um funcionário público, já nas vésperas de se aposentar.
Josué Montello. A indesejada aposentadoria.
Capítulo II, p. 11-14. Texto adaptado.Assinale a alternativa em que aparecem traços do tradicionalismo e/ou da índole burocrática de Guilhermino. - Linguagens
Português
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Texto 2
A obra D. Guidinha do Poço conta a história de D. Margarida Reginaldo de Sousa Barros — conhecida como Guida ou Guidinha —, herdeira do Capitão-Mor Reginaldo Venceslau. Depois da morte do pai, ela se casa com o Major Joaquim Damião de Barros, o Major Quim, dezesseis anos mais velho do que ela. Embora tivessem casa na vila, fixaram residência na fazenda Poço da Moita, herdade de Margarida. Depois de alguns anos de casados, Margarida se apaixona por Secundino, jovem praciano, sobrinho do marido. Quando o Major Quim descobre a traição, pede o divórcio, que Guida não aceita. O Major deixa-a na fazenda e vai morar na casa da Vila. A mulher, então, contrata um capanga de nome Naiú para matar o marido. O caboclo faz o serviço, mas, quando é preso, revela que fora D. Margarida a mandante do homicídio.
O capítulo que você lerá é o último da obra, quando se dá a prisão de D. Guidinha do Poço.
Manuel de Oliveira Paiva. Dona Guidinha do Poço. p. 125-126. Texto adaptado.
Assinale a única expressão que é indubitavelmente irônica. - Linguagens
Português
- Interpretação de Textos
- Prova de 2013
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
- Com imagem
- Código da questão: 82AF89F2-AF
Texto 1
O texto 1 desta prova é da autoria do intelectual cearense Gustavo Barroso, que nasceu em Fortaleza, no ano de 1888 e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1959. Professor, jornalista, ensaísta, romancista, foi membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras. A obra À margem da história do Ceará, em dois volumes, foi seu último trabalho. É uma reunião de setenta e seis artigos e crônicas que falam exclusivamente sobre a história do Ceará entre 1608 e 1959. O texto transcrito abaixo foi extraído do segundo volume e, como vocês poderão ver, é um artigo sobre a obra do também cearense Manuel de Oliveira Paiva, Dona Guidinha do Poço. Servindo-se de uma pesquisa feita pelo historiador Ismael Pordeus, Gustavo Barroso fala do romance de Oliveira Paiva, mais especificamente, das relações entre essa obra literária e a verdade histórica que ela transfigura.
Gustavo Barroso. À margem da história do Ceará. v. 2, 3 ed. p. 347-350. Texto adaptado.
Escolha, dentre as opções abaixo, a única cujo provérbio tem o mesmo sentido do provérbio do texto:“saiu-lhe o trunfo às avessas” (linha 63). - Linguagens
Espanhol
Primera Noticia
Un equipo de investigadores de Gran Bretaña y Canadá acaba de hacer público el descubrimiento del agua más antigua del mundo. Está a dos km y medio bajo la superficie de Ontario y ha permanecido inalterada y sin contacto alguno con el exterior durante al menos 1.500 millones de años (podría llegar a 2.640 millones de años). El agua, en la que abundan los elementos químicos necesarios para la vida, dará nuevas pistas sobre cómo ésta surgió en nuestro planeta, y posiblemente en otros. El trabajo se publica hoy en Nature. Estas reservas de agua, dicen los investigadores, podrían incluso contener alguna forma de vida, ya que tienen todos los elementos necesarios para ello. Pero no solo eso. En efecto, las rocas que la mantienen atrapada son muy parecidas a las de Marte, lo que reaviva las esperanzas de encontrar vida bajo la superficie del Planeta Rojo. El hallazgo podría obligar a cambiar las ideas establecidas sobre qué lugares de nuestro propio mundo son aptos para la vida, así como ofrecer nuevas pistas sobre cómo pueden desarrollarse y evolucionar microorganismos en condiciones de completo aislamiento. Periódico ABC. Madrid, 15/05/2013.La palabra “ello" (línea 17) tiene función de - Linguagens
Inglês
- Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
- Prova de 2012
- UECE
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- Código da questão: F37AB865-B8
T E X TSPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were asked to sort blue circles and red squares presented on a computer screen into two digital bins — one marked with a blue square and the other marked with a red circle.In the first task, the children had to sort the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin marked with the blue square and red squares in the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did this with comparable ease. Next, the children were asked to sort by shape, which was more challenging because it required placing the images in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often — you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life).In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two languages from birth were compared with peers raised with one language. In an initial set of trials, the infants were presented with an audio cue and then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both infant groups learned to look at that side of the screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed to a bilingual environment quickly learned to switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction while the other babies did not.Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language — were more resistant than others to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of onset.Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint?Source: www.nytimes.comChoose the alternative that correctly fills the blanks in the following question.
The bilingual children not only had a better performance, but____________ less resources from the brain in order to do the task. - Linguagens
Português
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- UECE
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TextoO conto que vem a seguir é classificado como fantástico. O conto fantástico se constitui de uma narrativa em que se chocam o plano do natural e o plano do sobrenatural (vocábulo que indica somente o que não é natural, não tem conotação religiosa). Nesse conflito, o âmbito do sobrenatural invade o âmbito do natural, geralmente desestruturando-o. O desfecho de uma narrativa fantástica não deve proporcionar, ao contrário do desfecho da narrativa de mistério, um esclarecimento, no texto, para o fato sobrenatural.A LUA“Seja aquela uma noite solitária, e não digna de louvor.” (Jó, III, 7)
Murilo Rubião. Contos reunidos. p. 133-135.
O andar firme e em linha reta em certa noite; a chegada à rua do meretrício; as paradas diante dos portões e as espiadelas pelas janelas são ações que permitem afirmar que Cris - Linguagens
Espanhol
- Preposições | Prepocisiones
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La palabra “hasta” (línea 31) se clasifica como
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Português
- Coesão e coerência
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Texto 1
Cem anos de Jorge Amado, o contador de histórias
Por Rachel Bertol, no Valor Econômico
O texto trabalha com algumas bipolaridades. Escreva V ou F conforme a polaridade esteja ou não no texto.
( ) literatura realista vs. literatura não realista
( ) paixão vs. frieza dos leitores
( ) criação de personagens marcantes vs. não criação de personagens marcantes
( ) literatura popular vs. literatura não popular
( ) gosto popular vs. opinião da crítica
Está correta, de cima para baixo, a seguinte sequência:
- Linguagens
Inglês
- Voz Ativa e Passiva | Passive and Active Voice
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In terms of voice, the sentences "I’ve done this class before in a theater and a lecture hall,", "In November students from all three (institutions) participated in the first Digital Humanities Conference for Undergraduates." and "Old periodicals have been transcribed and corrected by students." are respectively in the - Linguagens
Português
- Coesão e coerência
- Prova de 2011
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
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- Código da questão: 5833CB15-A6
Assinale a expressão cujo conteúdo é retomado indiretamente por maior regozijo (linhas 91-92), dando oportunidade ao aparecimento de uma anáfora indireta. - Linguagens
Português
- Interpretação de Textos
- Prova de 2011
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
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- Código da questão: 43ADD218-A6
Atente para a afirmação que inicia o texto:
Os homens têm complicado tanto o mecanismo da vida que já ninguém tem certeza de nada (linhas 1-3). Assinale a relação sintático-semântica que se estabelece no interior dessa afirmação. - Linguagens
Português
- Interpretação de Textos
- Prova de 2011
- UECE
- Dificuldade: Fácil
- Com imagem
- Código da questão: A06F0C5C-A5
O título da matéria — Antes de Rosa ser Rosa — é muito curioso. Abaixo são feitas algumas afirmações sobre ele. Marque com V o que for verdadeiro e com F o que for falso.
( ) Faz referência a um pseudônimo que Guimarães Rosa usava no início de sua vida literária.
( ) Sugere que Guimarães Rosa tinha um outro sobrenome.
( ) Aponta para duas fases diferentes na obra de Guimarães Rosa.
( ) Pode ser traduzido pela seguinte frase: Guimarães Rosa antes de ser famoso, antes de ser considerado um grande escritor.
( ) Permite-nos inferir que a obra de Guimarães Rosa recém-publicada não tem a mesma dimensão das outras.
( ) Deve-se considerar o segundo Rosa como um elemento que recategoriza (modifica o primeiro Rosa, acrescentando-lhe algum atributo). Esse trabalho de recategorização se realiza cognitivamente, sem deixar marcas linguísticas.
Está correta, de cima para baixo, a sequência seguinte: