Questões: Centro Universitário São Camilo — com gabarito

Discípulos de Hipócrates, defensores do ar puro, os médicos do século XIX acreditam nas virtudes do “ar livre”, nos danos do “ar mefítico”, viciado pelas grandes densidades populacionais. Atribuem à promiscuidade das multidões urbanas, aos amontoamentos dos cortiços (palavra dominante nos anos 1880) a propagação de doenças difundidas por contato, por “contágio”: epidemias, e logo a tuberculose.

(Michelle Perrot. Os excluídos da história: operários, mulheres e

prisioneiros, 2017.)

Na Europa, essa “promiscuidade” e os “amontoamentos” decorreram

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     A Guerra Civil norte-americana (1861-1865) merece a atenção do estudante brasileiro por diversos motivos. Primeiro, foi uma guerra que marcou profundamente a evolução histórica dos Estados Unidos da América. [...] Em segundo lugar, esta guerra lembra vários aspectos da história do Brasil quando questões semelhantes surgiram.

(Peter L. Eisenberg. Guerra civil americana, 1984.)

Uma dessas “questões semelhantes” refere-se

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     A Guerra Civil norte-americana (1861-1865) merece a atenção do estudante brasileiro por diversos motivos. Primeiro, foi uma guerra que marcou profundamente a evolução histórica dos Estados Unidos da América. [...] Em segundo lugar, esta guerra lembra vários aspectos da história do Brasil quando questões semelhantes surgiram.

(Peter L. Eisenberg. Guerra civil americana, 1984.)

Essa guerra marcou profundamente a história dos Estados Unidos porque

O surto de crescimento, que começou em 1968, lembra o do Plano de Metas de JK, que durou de 1957 a 1962, mas com uma importante diferença: no boom dos anos 50, a inflação subiu de 23,89% em 1957 para 55,04% em 1962, ao passo que no surto da década seguinte a inflação caiu de 23,63% em 1968 para 14,66% em 1973.

Este fato fez com que se começasse a falar de “milagre econômico brasileiro”.

(Paul Singer. “O processo econômico”. In: Daniel Aarão Reis (coord.).

Modernização, ditadura e democracia: 1964-2010, vol. 5, 2014. Adaptado.)

Um dos motivos para essa contenção inflacionária durante o “milagre” foi

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The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

According to the first paragraph, the author reveals that he first got interested in the literary fantasy genre

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The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

No trecho “Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain” (1° parágrafo), o termo sublinhado indica ideia de

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

According to the author, the “unprecedented fantasy boom” (2nd paragraph) is related to the fact that

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

O trecho sublinhado em “the genre is as broad as the imagination” (3° parágrafo) expressa uma

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

O sentido do trecho sublinhado em “fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments” (4° parágrafo) está mantido, em português, do seguinte modo:

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

No trecho “they come from a time when all stories were fantasy” (5° parágrafo), o termo sublinhado refere-se a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

In the excerpt “that’s a special skill” (6th paragraph), the underlined word can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by

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The fantastic appeal of fantasy

The fantasy genre starts where science ends

     Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation. Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong love of the fantasy genre1 , both as reader and writer. 

   The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom. Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.

     Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2 and sorcery3 . Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the imagination. The genre starts where science ends.

    “In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers, fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre. “People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited palette that literary fiction claims to offer.” 

     A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.

     Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas. You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being able to see beyond the boundaries4 of the world around us — now that’s a special skill.

     I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5 from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story- -forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the deepest parts of ourselves.

(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)

1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance, poesia etc.

2sword: espada.

3sorcery: feitiçaria.

4boundary: fronteira.

5trapdoor: alçapão

No trecho “But instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious aspirations of our modern society” (7° parágrafo), a expressão sublinhada tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

Leia a tirinha para responder à questão.

(Stephan Pastis. “Pearls Before Swine”. www.gocomics.com, 22.04.2019.)

No diálogo entre as personagens Pig (porco) e Goat (cabrito), Pig

Leia a tirinha para responder à questão.

(Stephan Pastis. “Pearls Before Swine”. www.gocomics.com, 22.04.2019.)

In the last panel, “miserable” means the same as

A primeira imagem de um buraco negro foi revelada pela Fundação Nacional de Ciências. A foto disponibilizada mostra um buraco negro no centro da enorme galáxia Messier 87, localizada no aglomerado vizinho de Virgem, a 5 milhões de anos- -luz da Terra.

(“Foto de um buraco negro é revelada pela primeira vez na história”.

https://revistagalileu.globo.com, 10.04.2019. Adaptado.)

Considerando que um ano-luz é a distância percorrida pela luz em um ano, no vácuo, com velocidade de 3 × 108 m/s e que um ano possui aproximadamente 3,15 × 107 s, a distância entre esse buraco negro e a Terra é próxima de

O ciclista profissional Evandro Portela atingiu a maior velocidade já obtida com uma bicicleta convencional, batendo o recorde mundial de velocidade, com uma marca de 202 km/h. O que chama atenção na bike é o tamanho da coroa, de 105 dentes.

(“A 202 km/h, brasileiro registra recorde mundial de velocidade em

bicicleta”. vadebike.org, 28.11.2017. Adaptado.)

Considere que a coroa de 105 dentes, no centro da bicicleta, possui um perímetro externo P = 1 m, que o raio da catraca utilizada é 10 vezes menor do que o da coroa e 15 vezes menor que o raio da roda traseira, conforme o esquema a seguir:

No momento em que o ciclista está à velocidade de 201,6 km/h, a frequência de giro da coroa é de, aproximadamente,

É quase um bungee jump, mas ligeiramente menos radical. A 60 metros do chão, o “Queda Livre”, em Brotas, dá frio na barriga só de olhar, mas a queda livre, na verdade, é bem menor: 25 metros.

(https://viagem.estadão.com.br, 01.05.18. Adaptado.)

(aventurando.com.br)

Considerando que a resistência do ar seja desprezível, que a aceleração da gravidade do local seja igual a 10 m/s² e que, nessa atração, o salto se dê a partir do repouso, o tempo total em que uma pessoa experimenta a sensação de queda livre antes de começar a ser freada pela corda elástica é de

No esquema, os blocos A, B e C têm massas iguais a 5 kg, 3 kg e 2kg, respectivamente. 

Desprezando-se todos os atritos e a resistência do ar, considerando-se todos os fios e polias ideais e adotando-se g = 10 m/s² , sen θ = 0,5 e cos θ = 0,9, obtém-se a intensidade da força de tração no fio que liga o bloco B ao bloco C igual a 

A cremalheira é um sistema de transporte ferroviário que auxilia as locomotivas a subir ou descer percursos com grande inclinação. Esse sistema é utilizado em uma rampa de 8 km de extensão na Serra do Mar paulista, que possui inclinação tal que o trem sobe 1 m na vertical para cada 10 m percorridos ao longo dessa rampa. Com uma potência de 5 mil KW, as locomotivas garantem a segurança operacional contendo a carga na descida e empurrando-a na subida.

(www.mrs.com.br. Adaptado.)

Considere que a locomotiva do texto utilize 100% da sua potência para levar uma carga de 500 toneladas Serra do Mar acima a uma velocidade constante. Desprezando-se o tempo de aceleração inicial, que é feita antes do trecho de subida, e utilizando-se g = 10 m/s² , o tempo total de subida é igual a

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

O termostato bimetálico de encosto é muito utilizado para controlar a temperatura em alguns aquecedores elétricos de uso comercial e pode apresentar, em alguns modelos, uma corrente elétrica de 10 A para uma tensão de 250 V. Seu funcionamento baseia-se na dilatação térmica e pode ser representado pelo esquema a seguir, em que a lâmina bimetálica, formada pelos metais A e B, é fixa no suporte de apoio e se curva quando aquecida a uma temperatura T > T0 , afastando- -se da superfície de contato e interrompendo a passagem de corrente elétrica por eles.

De acordo com as informações, para que o termostato funcione corretamente, é necessário que