Prova de 2023: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) — questões com gabarito

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106 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 6 de 6.

• B0AA6182-04

  Português

  Gêneros TextuaisUFGD · 2023FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Quando a proteção desprotege as mulheres

  
  

  Projeto de lei pode fazer com que as mulheres passem a ser consideradas como contratações de risco

  
  

  Por José Pastore

  
  

  Com frequência, os legisladores, com a boa intenção de proteger as mulheres e conquistar o seu voto, acabam criando tantas dificuldades que o resultado final é uma verdadeira desproteção. Esse é o espírito do Projeto de Lei 1.558/2021 da Câmara dos Deputados que busca igualar o salário das mulheres ao dos homens. O projeto impõe ao empregador multa em favor da empregada no valor de cinco vezes a diferença verificada entre o seu salário e o dos empregados na mesma função durante todo o período de contratação. Isso vai causar uma verdadeira explosão de ações trabalhistas.

  
  

  Atentem bem para a insegurança jurídica aqui embutida. Digamos que uma mulher, gerente de banco em uma pequena agência do interior ganhe menos do que seu colega que é gerente de uma grande agência numa região metropolitana. O nome da função é o mesmo. A empresa também é a mesma. Mas as responsabilidades são completamente diferentes. O projeto de lei não leva isso em conta, mas o mercado de trabalho considera muito a complexidade da função para definir a remuneração.

  
  

  É evidente que a nova regra, se aprovada, vai provocar mais conflitos, mais despesas e mais desgastes emocionais. Não sei se os parlamentares avaliaram bem o valor da multa. Dou um exemplo para mostrar a extravagância. Para uma gerente que ganhe R$ 4 mil mensais e para a qual o auditor fiscal ou o juiz fixe o percentual de 30% referente à alegada diferença de remuneração ao longo de cinco anos de trabalho na empresa, o valor da multa chegará a R$ 520 mil. Se a funcionária tiver 20 anos na empresa, a multa ultrapassará os R$ 2 milhões, mais a correção dos débitos trabalhistas.

  
  

  Está aí um irrecusável convite para judicializar o assunto e abalar a saúde financeira das empresas, pois nenhuma delas fez provisão desses montantes quando contrataram as referidas funcionárias, uma vez que essa regra não existia. Se esse projeto virar lei, temo que as mulheres passem a ser consideradas como contratações de risco, o que poderá levar os empregadores a evitá-las. Todos sairão perdendo.

  
  

  Artigo originalmente publicado no Correio Braziliense em 3 de março de 2023.

  
  

  
  

  Disponível em: https://www.fecomercio.com.br/noticia/quando-a-protecao-desprotege-as-mulheres. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2023 (adaptado).

  
  

  
  

  Considerando gêneros textuais, como artigo, conto, crônica, etc., assinale a alternativa correta.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b0aa6182-04

  A

  O autor do artigo se mostra favorável ao Projeto de Lei 1.558/2021, que regula o trabalho da mulher. Para ele, há muitas injustiças em relação às diferenças salariais entre homens e mulheres no país.

  B

  O autor do artigo de opinião se posiciona contra o Projeto de Lei 1.558/2021 e utiliza vários argumentos para defender seu ponto de vista. Os períodos em que aparecem os vocábulos “desproteção”, “extravagância”, “desgastes emocionais” enfatizam tal posicionamento.  

  C

  O autor do conto mostra-se desfavorável ao Projeto de Lei 1.558/2021, pois, em sua opinião, uma equiparação salarial em tempos de crise econômica e política não favorece a empregabilidade.

  D

  Na crônica, fica explícito o posicionamento do autor em relação ao Projeto de Lei 1.558/2021. Ele se mostra desfavorável às novas normas que propõem equiparação salarial entre homens e mulheres.

  E

  O autor menciona, em seu artigo, que a multa aplicada ao empregador em favorecimento da empregada é justa, tendo em vista que, se houver injustiça cometida pelo patrão, a ele devem ser aplicadas as sanções cabíveis. 

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• B0A7AC8E-04

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUFGD · 2023MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Strategy I

  
  

  In Eating Mindfully, Susan Albers recommends starting with one mealtime: breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

  
  

  Choose a specific location to eat, such as your table or the lunchroom at work. Sit quietly. Don't get up, and don't answer the phone. Have all the food you intend to eat on the table in front of you before starting. To be mindful you must give your full attention to your eating. You must focus on the process of eating and enjoying your meal.

  
  

  
  

  Strategy II

  
  

  Susan Albers suggests that one way to slow down the process of eating is to challenge the way you have always done it.

  
  

  For example, try eating using a pair of chopsticks instead of your customary utensils. This will force you to take smaller portions, eat more slowly, and look at your food more closely. Other strategies include eating with your non-dominant hand, chewing your food 30 to 50 times per bite, or trying to make the portion of food you've taken for the meal last 20 minutes.

  
  

  Observe the sensation of picking up the food and placing it in your mouth.

  
  

  Disponible in: https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/what-experts-recommend-healthy-eating#. Access in: May, 24 2023 (adapted).

  
  

  
  

  Choose the correct statement about the text.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b0a7ac8e-04

  A

  Susan Alberts brings the information that nowadays adults, kids and teenagers are distracted by mobile, screens, internet, and they are eating a lot of junk food. Susan Alberts makes some recommendations for parents to help their kids too.  

  B

  The suggestion made by Susan Alberts is impossible to follow because people who lives in big cities don’t have time to sit quietly and don’t be distracted by phones or other devices.

  C

  The words “recommends” and “suggests” found in the strategy I and strategy II show that Susan Alberts advices how eating mindfully. The strategies aren’t an obligation.  

  D

  The suggestion “try eating using a pair of chopsticks instead of your customary utensils” isn’t the best advice if we consider the lifestyle of the world today.

  E

  Others recommendations made by Susan Alberts emphasize the importance to be alone, far from the others members of our family while you are eating.

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• B0A505B0-04

  Inglês

  Tradução | TranslationUFGD · 2023MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Africa's Greatest Freedom Symbol

  
  

  Son of a chief, Nelson Mandela studied law and became one of South Africa's first black lawyers. Early in the 1950s he was elected leader of the youth wing of the ANC (African National Congress) liberation movement. When the country's white minority government prohibited the ANC in 1960, Mandela became convinced that armed struggle was inevitable. Inspired by the guerrilla wars in Algeria and Cuba, he organized a military underground movement that engaged in sabotage. In 1962 he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason and conspiracy against the state.

  
  

  From 1964 to 1982 he was confined to the notorious prison island Robben Island, together with several other resistance leaders. He was then moved to prison on the mainland until his release in 1990. During his imprisonment, Mandela became a rallying point for South Africa's oppressed, and the world's most famous political prisoner.

  
  

  Nelson Mandela shared the Peace Prize with the man who had released him, President Frederik Willem de Klerk, because they had agreed on a peaceful transition to majority rule.

  
  

  Disponible in: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1993/mandela/facts/. Access in: May, 24 2023 (adapted).

  
  

  
  

  Choose the best translation for the statement.

  
  

  I - Son of a chief, Nelson Mandela studied law and became one of south Africa’s first black lawyers.

  
  

  II - In 1962 he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment for high treason and conspiracy against the state.

  
  

  III - From 1964 to 1982 he was confined to the notorious prison island Robben Island, together with several other resistance leaders.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b0a505b0-04

  A

  A sentença I pode ser traduzida por “filho de um chefe de cozinha renomado, Nelson Mandela estudou Direito e se tornou um dos primeiros advogados negros do sul da África”.

  B

  A sentença II pode ser traduzida por “em 1962 ele foi preso e sentenciado a viver aprisionado por ter roubado o tesouro do governo e conspirado contra ele”.

  C

  A sentença III pode ser traduzida por “de 1964 a 1982 ele ficou em greve de fome na renomada prisão ‘Robben Island’, junto com vários outros líderes da resistência”. 

  D

  A sentença I pode ser traduzida por “filho de um renomado xerife, Nelson Mandela estudou Direito e se tornou um dos primeiros advogados negros do sul da África.  

  E

  A sentença II pode ser traduzida por “Em 1962 ele foi preso e sentenciado à prisão perpétua por alta traição e conspiração contra o Estado”.

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• B0A268D3-04

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUFGD · 2023FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  
  

  Disponible in: https://www.google.com/search?q=cartum+animais+em+ingles&tbm. Access in: May, 24 2023.

  
  

  
  

  Which of the following statement best expresses the information presented in the cartoon?

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b0a268d3-04

  A

  Students are in the classroom using their mobiles and one student shows that he is very nervous because he doesn’t understand the teacher’s explanation.

  B

  The expression “If you can’t beat ‘em” means the teacher is using the mobile in his classroom as methodology because the students use to be in classroom with their phone and the teacher doesn’t have their attention if he uses the traditional methodology.

  C

  The cartoon critics the teacher’s methodology who is using his phone in class to solve his private problems.

  D

  The expression “If you can’t beat ‘em” means you cannot be as successful as other people without doing what they do”, but in the cartoon the meaning is the opposite. 

  E

  All the students are very happy because they can use their phone in classroom without being punished.

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• B09FEFE2-04

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsUFGD · 2023FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  The big idea: why we need a new definition of junk food

  
  

  Ultra-processed products now make up 60% of our diet – and they’re killing us

  
  

  Strange as it may seem, food has replaced tobacco as the leading cause of early death globally. Each year,more people die in America from illnesses caused by poor diet than were killed fighting in every war in US history combined. In the UK the situation is equally 1. dire. Officially, the health effects of food are entirely due to its nutritional content – the amount of fat, salt, sugar and fibre it contains. The current system leaves it up to you to read the detailed information on the pack and decide how much to eat based on recommended values, and if you have children, you’ll need to know the values for them too. This is nigh-on impossible for most people – but even if you were able to calculate exactly how much fat, salt and sugar you were consuming in each 2. mouthful, you would still be neglecting one vital determinant of health – how the food was processed. You might feel like you’ve heard all this before. People have expressed concern about “processed food” for a long time, but it’s not always been an easy concept to 3. pin down. After all, we have been processing food for hundreds of thousands of years. The human diet was invented by primarily female domestic scientists who modified plants and animals by milling, shaking, pounding and grinding them, or altering them via fermentation and heat, before salting, smoking and drying them for preservation. Food processing has shaped almost every aspect of our bodies: we have the shortest guts of any animal our size because part of their job is outsourced to our kitchens. We are the only animal that must process its food to survive. Processing is fine.

  
  

  But just over a decade ago a team of scientists in Brazil noticed a 4. paradox in the data from their national nutrition surveys. Obesity had gone from being rare, to being the country’s dominant public health problem – even though people were buying less oil and sugar. What theywere eating more of was industrially processed food: biscuits, emulsified breads, confectionary and so on. The team developed a definition that distinguished between traditional food, whole or processed, and these items, which they termed ultra processed foods, or UPFs for short.

  
  

  Disponible in: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/may/15/the-big-idea-why-we-need-a-new-definition-of-junk-food. Access in: May, 15 2023 (adapted).

  
  

  
  

  Choose the alternative whose bold words have similar meanings in the sentences.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b09fefe2-04

  A

  1. dire: terrible; 2. mouthful: an amount of food that you put into your mouth; 3. pin down: to understand, describe; 4. paradox: the statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas.

  B

  1. dire: terrible; 2. mouthful: an amount of food that you put into your mouth; 3. pin down: force someone to be specific and make the intentions clear; 4. paradox: the statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas.

  C

  1. dire: serious; 2. mouthful: an amount of food that you put into your mouth; 3. pin down: to understand, describe; 4. paradox: unkind joke or to show that you are annoyed.

  D

  1. dire: serious; 2. mouthful: an amount of food that you put into your mouth; 3. pin down: a piece of metal with a sharp point at one end; 4. paradox: the statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas.

  E

  1. dire: terrible; 2. mouthful: an illness that someone has in the mouth; 3. pin down: to understand, describe; 4. paradox: the statement that seems impossible because it contains two opposing ideas.

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• B09B7533-04

  Inglês

  Adjetivos | AdjectivesUFGD · 2023MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  What is mindful eating?

  
  

  Mindfulness is the practice of being present in the moment, and observing the inputs flooding your senses. At meal time: "Think about how the food looks, how it tastes and smells. What's the texture? What memories does it bring up? How does it make you feel?" Burton Murray asks. By being mindful at meals, you'll slow the eating process, pay more attention to your body's hunger and fullness cues, and perhaps avoid overeating. "It makes you take a step back and make decisions about what you're eating, rather than just going through the automatic process of see food, take food, eat food," Burton Murray says.

  
  

  Set yourself up for success in being mindful when you eat by: Removing distractions. Turn off phones, TVs, and computers. Eat in a peaceful, uncluttered space.

  
  

  Pacing yourself for a 20-minute meal. Chew your food slowly and put your fork down between bites.

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Disponible in: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/overeating-mindfulness-exercises-may-help-202203282714. Access in: May, 15 2023 (adapted).

  
  

  
  

  Choose the correct alternative.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b09b7533-04

  A

  The words “Notice”, “Observe”, “Feel”, “Taste”, “Enjoy” are verbs that show how people shouldn’t eat, especially if they are on a diet.  

  B

  The words mindful and mindfulness are adjectives that mean in the text “a way of improving your mental state that involves paying close attention to everything that you are experiencing”.

  C

  The verbs notice, observe, feel, taste, enjoy are related to “Think about how the food looks, how it tastes and smells. What's the texture? What memories does it bring up? How does it make you feel?"

  D

  The advices: “Removing distractions. Turn off phones, TVs, and computers. Eat in a peaceful, uncluttered space” are impossible to follow in the modern life.

  E

  “Chew your food “slowly” and put your fork down between bites”. The adjective “slowly” has an important meaning because it represents how people should eat. 

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