Prova de 2012: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC - RJ) — questões com gabarito

those who work in the technology field and those who are against it.

the ones who live in Silicon Valley and those who live in the fields.

the smart phone users and the wireless phone addicts.

those who work for Apple and those who work for Facebook.

the technological natives and the technological foreigners.

to compare the new smart phones to old conventional devices.

to argue that people should adopt simple dumb phones for their daily activities.

to highlight that young people are usually technologically driven and centered.

to analyze the characteristics and the advantages of smart phones.

to prove that old people cannot learn how to use electronic instruments.

declare he has contact with foreign people through his work.

criticize his students’ behaviour towards him and his work methods.

tell the reason why he finally adopted a smart phone.

illustrate the negative effects brought by the increasing use of smart phones.

argue against the indiscriminate use of technology in classrooms.

the author´s dumb phone.

the information needed for the interview.

the author’s smart phone.

the upcoming interview.

the conversation the author had with the TV producer.

“kicking and screaming” in “... by getting a smart phone this week kicking and screaming.” (L.15-16) means “revolutionary”

“odd” in “So one of my students looked at me in an odd and curious way, ...” (L. 21-22) means “respectful”.

“late breaking news” in “I was talking with a producer (...) some late breaking news” (L. 26-29) means “tragic news”.

“a critical period” in “Perhaps we have a critical period in our life for technology”. (L. 63-64) means “a threatening moment”

“soak up” in “When we are young we soak up language so quickly (...)” (L. 64-65) means “absorb”.

the future is here and we must be connected to the world.

the present century has come to make things more difficult for people.

everybody understands that technology is necessary to survive on Earth.

people should try to escape the new century’s negative effects.

digital natives have not noticed that they need to be connected.

only some people can learn how to cook food.

cooking is an ordinary activity for women.

humans have evolved because they learned how to cook food.

human beings are prone to spend most of their time chewing.

some monkeys can cook food but they spend most of their time chewing.

an endless childhood that characterizes humans.

the unreachable point in maturity for human species.

the infantile behaviour found in human beings.

the retention of characteristics of the young.

the way mammals behave in general.

the knowledge acquired and the reward taken for trying exploratory actions.

the repeated results presented by algorithms in artificial intelligence.

the immediate benefit taken from reviewing several possible actions.

the ability to use algorithms in artificial intelligence studies.

the opportunities brought by the best algorithms.

has difficulty with distractions.

needs to be involved with new and original things.

is inefficient because it needlessly wastes time.

will not happen by chance.

has not evolved enough to help humans survive.

the final aim of all human beings is to become the last learners on earth.

human beings are prone to evil of all kinds.

opportunism can work against our learning capacity.

people usually take full advantage of their learning capacity.

human beings are designed to learn through exploratory actions driven by their curiosity.

“take for granted” in “Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only (...)” (L. 1-3) means “assume”.

“I’m pretty sure” in “I hate to disappoint you, but whate- ver your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, I’m pretty sure that reading this column isn’t going to further them.” (L. 6-9) means “I’m inclined to say”.

“minor tittle-tattle” in “We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittle-tattle in our lives.” (L. 17-19) means “relevant matters”.

“shortcut” in “Neoteny is a shortcut taken by evolution” (L. 42) means “a roundabout route”.

“a deadly-boring species” in “And thank goodness – otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did things for the hell of it.”(L. 86-90) means “diabolical human beings”.

probability – duty.

condition – ability.

obligation – assumption.

possibility – what is desirable.

theoretical ability – suggestion.

La obesidad se entiende como una enfermedad global.

Las organizaciones especializadas en políticas de prevención alertan sobre los riesgos de la obesidad.

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es alarmante.

Las causas de muerte asociadas con la obesidad se han incrementado en los últimos tiempos.

El sobrepeso y la obesidad son los únicos factores que se asocian con el aumento de la mortalidad.

todos los seres humanos son gordos.

el sobrepeso se manifiesta más en el sexo femenino.

existe desigual acceso a los alimentos.

la obesidad es mayor entre los hombres.

existe una gran disparidad de peso entre los medios urbanos y rurales.

abogar a favor de la seguridad alimentaria para los más pobres.

reivindicar la gordura como un mal necesario.

reconocer la obesidad como una epidemia emergente.

evitar que los más prósperos económicamente gasten muchos más recursos de los que necesitan.

adoptar medidas en los planos mundial y regional para mejorar los hábitos de alimentación.

acierto

error

disparate

despropósito

absurdo

el nuevo ajuste de los precios.

el nuevo parámetro para medir la pobreza.

el elemento clave del asunto.

el dinero que se necesita.

el fondo destinado a los necesitados.

la falta de campañas educativas sobre el desperdicio.

la falta de tecnología para producir más alimentos.

el alto costo de la alimentación saludable.

la falta de escrúpulos de algunos segmentos del mercado.

la falta de estrategias para adquirir alimentos más baratos.

El ser humano tiene tendencia a comer en exceso.

La obesidad es un problema social.

El problema de la obesidad está presente en todo el planeta.

En la Cumbre de Río+20 se abordó el tema de la obesidad.

Hay más obesos en los países pobres.