Prova de 2016: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC - PR) — questões com gabarito

 Leia o texto a seguir.

Scientists invent silk food wrap that's biodegradable and could replace plastic cling film

Bananas and strawberries kept at room temperature for more than a week did not go off after they were coated with a near-invisible film made from silk

                                                                                                                        Ian Johnston

 Scientists have invented a cling film-like food wrap made from silk that can preserve fruit for more than a week, as a natural, biodegradable alternative to plastic.

International concern has been growing about plastic waste, particularly the amount that gets into the sea. One estimate is that by 2050 there will be more plastic than fish in the world's oceans.

Doctors have also warned that containers made from certain kinds of plastic could be harmful to health.

Now a team of biomedical engineers at Tufts University in the US have developed a technique that enables food to be coated with an almost invisible layer of fibroin, a protein found in silk, which helps make it one of nature's toughest materials.

The lead researcher, Professor Fiorenzo Omenetto, told The Independent that the world should probably move "towards processes that are more efficient and more naturally derived" and develop materials that "are closer to the things that surround us, rather than having more man-made, processed materials ... for the general well-being of our planet".

"It's a wise way of thinking about how we manage the resources of our planet, to maybe use renewable systems as opposed to non-renewable systems," he said.

"The pervasiveness of plastic and all the inorganic chemicals that leach out, albeit at very slow rates, can affect us in many ways."

When asked what the chances were that silk-derived products would replace plastics, Professor Omenetto said: "That's our dream."

However he said the use of plastic was widespread and "incredibly cost effective" so it might take some time to convince people to change.

The same team previously made a silk cup that could be used, at least once, for coffee as a possible replacement for plasticlined cardboard cups.

In a paper in the journal Scientific Reports, they described how strawberries and bananas could be preserved for a week or more.

The fruit is coated by dipping it in a liquid containing a tiny amount of fibroin, but the wrap could also be applied with a spray. The silk is produced naturally by worms of moths.

Strawberries left for seven days at room temperature became discoloured and went soft, but those coated with the silk protein stayed juicy and firm.

Available in: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/silk-plastic-cling-film-food-wrap-marine-pollution-food-fruit-vegetables-tufts-universityfiorenzo-a7017401.html. Access on: May 2016.

 Leia o texto a seguir.

                                                               LEARNING FROM THE LAZARUS EFFECT

Most clinical trials for cancer drugs are failures. But for a handful of patients, a drug proves to be nearly a cure. What can science learn from these “exceptional responders”?

 For years, Grace Silva had experienced odd episodes with her throat — bouts of swelling and radiating pain that seemed to resolve with antibiotics — but her doctors couldn’t explain what was wrong. Finally, after a flare-up in the summer of 2010, Grace was referred to a specialist, an ear doctor who felt something amiss on the left side of her throat: a lump. The Silva family agreed that it was time to get Grace, then 54, to a thyroid specialist. Grace’s daughter Melanie tracked down the name of one at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a 90-minute drive from Grace’s brown clapboard split-level near New Bedford, Mass. In September 2010, the specialist delivered the diagnosis: anaplastic thyroid cancer. It was bad, he warned her, and she would need surgery. Grace’s other daughter, Karrie, was marrying in a few weeks. “Can’t it wait?” Grace asked. It could not. “And whatever you do,” the specialist said, “please don’t look it up on the Internet.”

www.nytimes.com/2016/05/15/magazine/exceptional-responders-cancer-the-lazures-effect.html

Assinale a alternativa CORRETA de acordo com o texto.

I. O título do texto sintetiza o caso de morte súbita relatado no texto.

II. Muitos medicamentos utilizados para combater o câncer não funcionam.

III. A busca de informações sobre doenças na internet é indicada.

IV. O câncer mencionado no texto apareceu na região da garganta da paciente.

V. O subtítulo do texto visa chamar a atenção para o uso de um medicamento que tem demonstrado proporcionar resultados promissores.

Leia o texto a seguir.

                                              CAN ADDICTION TO SMARTPHONES TRIGGER ADHD?

We measured inattentiveness and hyperactivity by asking participants to identify how frequently they had experienced 18 symptoms of ADHD over each of the two weeks. These items were based on the criteria for diagnosing ADHD in adults as specified by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The results were clear: More frequent phone interruptions made people less attentive and more hyperactive. These findings should concern us. Smartphones are the fastest-selling electronic gadget in history—in the 22 seconds it took to type this sentence, 1,000 smartphones were shipped to their new owners. Even if one of those 1,000 users became more likely to make a careless mistake, ignore a friend in the middle of a conversation or space out during a meeting, smartphones could be harming the productivity, relationships and well-being of millions.

As with all disorders, symptoms of ADHD form a continuum, from the normal to the pathological. Our findings suggest that our incessant digital stimulation is contributing to an increasingly problematic deficit of attention in modern society.

So consider silencing your phone, even when you are not in the movie theater. Your brain will thank you.

www.newswekk.com/can-459362  

 Leia a tirinha a seguir.  

 According to the text, it is CORRECT to state that

Improving with age? How city design is adapting to older populations 

There is no denying it: like it or not we are all getting older. According to the UN World Population Prospects report, the global population of older people is growing at an unprecedented rate. By 2050, for the first time in human history, there will be more over-65s than children under 15. The number of people over 100 will increase by 1,000%. And as by then 70% of the world’s population will likely live in cites, this will present huge challenges, and cities will need to adapt. “Small innovations can make a difference,” Recalcati adds. “Older people are less likely to drive, favouring public transport and walking. The average person over 65 manages a walking speed of 3km/hour. At 80 that goes down to 2km/hour, compared with the average for a working age person of 4.8km/hour. Reducing the distance between transport stops, shops, benches, trees for shade, public toilets and improving pavements and allowing more time to cross the road all encourage older people to go out.” In the UK, the government has just announced the building of 10 new towns designed to address ageing and health issues such as obesity. As well as encouraging more active lifestyles, the designs could include wider pavements, few trip hazards and moving LCD signs, making the streets easier to navigate for people with dementia and other age-related conditions. London-based charity Living Streets has also been working alongside communities carrying out street audits with older residents to see what improvements could be made, as well as campaigning at a strategic level to influence positive legislative and infrastructure changes. Their project Time to Cross campaigned to increase pedestrian crossing times which resulted in Transport for London (TfL) agreeing to a review. www.thegardian.com/cities/2016/ap/25/improving-with-age-how-city-design-is-adapting-to-older-populations.  

I. Old people walk slowly, so they prefer driving.

II. The adaptions mentioned refer not only to elderly but also to obese people.

III. Population is helping to make improvements.

IV. US Policy makers think elderly people should move to smaller cities.

V. There will be more adults than children by 2050.