Prova de 2025: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto — questões com gabarito

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

The main purpose of the text is to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the first paragraph “Those are much bigger drops than have been credited”, the underlined word refers to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “The decline in infant mortality is a ‘showstopping result,’ he said”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido para o texto, por:

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the third paragraph “The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival”, the underlined word expresses a 

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, o subsídio financeiro destinado a pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade econômica no Quênia demonstrou ter um impacto para além da redução no índice de mortalidade infantil. O trecho do texto que confirma essa afirmação é:

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

The lyrics suggest that the speaker is primarily expressing

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho “Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend” (3ª estrofe), o termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido do termo sublinhado em:

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

O trecho da música que revela uma correção enunciativa no discurso do eu lírico é: