Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade de Medicina de Marília · 2019FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
According to the chart,
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According to the chart,
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices”, o termo sublinhado introduz uma
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
[...] no tempo em que se passavam os fatos que vamos narrando nada mais havia comum do que ter cada casa um, dois e às vezes mais agregados.
Em certas casas os agregados eram muito úteis, porque a família tirava grande proveito de seus serviços, e já tivemos ocasião de dar exemplo disso quando contamos a história do finado padrinho de Leonardo; outras vezes porém, e estas eram maior número, o agregado, refinado vadio, era uma verdadeira parasita que se prendia à árvore familiar, que lhe participava da seiva sem ajudá-la a dar frutos, e o que é mais ainda, chegava mesmo a dar cabo dela. E o caso é que, apesar de tudo, se na primeira hipótese o esmagavam com o peso de mil exigências, se lhe batiam a cada passo com os favores na cara, se o filho mais velho da casa, por exemplo, o tomava por seu divertimento, e à menor e mais justa queixa saltavam-lhe os pais em cima tomando o partido de seu filho, no segundo aturavam quanto desconcerto havia com paciência de mártir, o agregado tornava-se quase um rei em casa, punha, dispunha, castigava os escravos, ralhava com os filhos, intervinha enfim nos mais particulares negócios. Em qual dos dois casos estava ou viria estar em breve o nosso amigo Leonardo? O leitor que decida pelo que se vai passar.
(Manuel Antônio de Almeida. Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias, 1994.)
[...] no tempo em que se passavam os fatos que vamos narrando nada mais havia comum do que ter cada casa um, dois e às vezes mais agregados.
Em certas casas os agregados eram muito úteis, porque a família tirava grande proveito de seus serviços, e já tivemos ocasião de dar exemplo disso quando contamos a história do finado padrinho de Leonardo; outras vezes porém, e estas eram maior número, o agregado, refinado vadio, era uma verdadeira parasita que se prendia à árvore familiar, que lhe participava da seiva sem ajudá-la a dar frutos, e o que é mais ainda, chegava mesmo a dar cabo dela. E o caso é que, apesar de tudo, se na primeira hipótese o esmagavam com o peso de mil exigências, se lhe batiam a cada passo com os favores na cara, se o filho mais velho da casa, por exemplo, o tomava por seu divertimento, e à menor e mais justa queixa saltavam-lhe os pais em cima tomando o partido de seu filho, no segundo aturavam quanto desconcerto havia com paciência de mártir, o agregado tornava-se quase um rei em casa, punha, dispunha, castigava os escravos, ralhava com os filhos, intervinha enfim nos mais particulares negócios. Em qual dos dois casos estava ou viria estar em breve o nosso amigo Leonardo? O leitor que decida pelo que se vai passar.
(Manuel Antônio de Almeida. Memórias de um Sargento de Milícias, 1994.)
O romance de Manuel Antônio de Almeida aborda costumes
da sociedade do Rio de Janeiro do século XIX. Um deles é
a presença comum de agregados nas casas. No texto, essa
figura é descrita
O Ceará, apesar de restrições de renda, destaca-se em alfabetização. Um dos motivos do êxito é a parceria com os municípios, os principais encarregados dos primeiros anos de escolarização.
Além de medidas que incluem formação de professores e material didático estruturado, o governo cearense acionou um incentivo financeiro: as cidades com resultados melhores recebem fatia maior do ICMS, com liberdade para destinação dos recursos.
O modelo já foi adotado em Pernambuco e está sendo implantado ou avaliado por Alagoas, Amapá, Espírito Santo e São Paulo.
Replicam-se igualmente as boas iniciativas do ensino médio em Pernambuco, baseado em tempo integral, que permite ao estudante escolher disciplinas optativas, projeto acolhido em São Paulo.
Auspiciosa, essa rede multilateral e multipartidária pela educação é exemplo de como a sociedade pode se mobilizar em torno de propostas palpáveis.
(“Unidos pelo Ensino”. Folha de S.Paulo, 27.08.2019. Adaptado.)
O Ceará, apesar de restrições de renda, destaca-se em alfabetização. Um dos motivos do êxito é a parceria com os municípios, os principais encarregados dos primeiros anos de escolarização.
Além de medidas que incluem formação de professores e material didático estruturado, o governo cearense acionou um incentivo financeiro: as cidades com resultados melhores recebem fatia maior do ICMS, com liberdade para destinação dos recursos.
O modelo já foi adotado em Pernambuco e está sendo implantado ou avaliado por Alagoas, Amapá, Espírito Santo e São Paulo.
Replicam-se igualmente as boas iniciativas do ensino médio em Pernambuco, baseado em tempo integral, que permite ao estudante escolher disciplinas optativas, projeto acolhido em São Paulo.
Auspiciosa, essa rede multilateral e multipartidária pela educação é exemplo de como a sociedade pode se mobilizar em torno de propostas palpáveis.
(“Unidos pelo Ensino”. Folha de S.Paulo, 27.08.2019. Adaptado.)
O Ceará, apesar de restrições de renda, destaca-se em alfabetização. Um dos motivos do êxito é a parceria com os municípios, os principais encarregados dos primeiros anos de escolarização.
Além de medidas que incluem formação de professores e material didático estruturado, o governo cearense acionou um incentivo financeiro: as cidades com resultados melhores recebem fatia maior do ICMS, com liberdade para destinação dos recursos.
O modelo já foi adotado em Pernambuco e está sendo implantado ou avaliado por Alagoas, Amapá, Espírito Santo e São Paulo.
Replicam-se igualmente as boas iniciativas do ensino médio em Pernambuco, baseado em tempo integral, que permite ao estudante escolher disciplinas optativas, projeto acolhido em São Paulo.
Auspiciosa, essa rede multilateral e multipartidária pela educação é exemplo de como a sociedade pode se mobilizar em torno de propostas palpáveis.
(“Unidos pelo Ensino”. Folha de S.Paulo, 27.08.2019. Adaptado.)





At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.
(Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)
At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.
(Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)
Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.
One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.
(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende-
-se que a expressão “mental clutter”, empregada no segundo
parágrafo do texto, significa
Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.
One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.
(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.
One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.
(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)