Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Leia o infográfico a seguir e responda à questão.

Com base no infográfico, considere às afirmativas a seguir.

I. Em relação à saúde dos canhotos, eles costumam padecer mais de úlceras e de artrite.

II. Sobre os destros, acredita-se que 75% da população nasce com essa tendência motora.

III. Ao serem alfabetizados, menos de 90% dos canhotos continua a escrever com a mão esquerda.

IV. De acordo com as estatísticas, os canhotos costumam desenvolver mais doenças da mente.

Assinale a alternativa correta.

Leia o infográfico a seguir e responda à questão.

Em relação ao infográfico, atribua V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) às afirmativas a seguir.

( ) O hemisfério esquerdo do cérebro domina e controla os movimentos desse lado do corpo em canhotos.

( ) O hemisfério direito é que comanda o cérebro de mais da metade dos canhotos e controla os movimentos do lado esquerdo do corpo.

( ) O hemisfério direito é dominante no controle das funções relacionadas à visão e ao movimento do corpo.

( ) Em menos da metade do número de canhotos não há um hemisfério do cérebro que predomine.

( ) O hemisfério direito do cérebro é dominante em destros e o hemisfério esquerdo em canhotos.

Assinale a alternativa que contém, de cima para baixo, a sequência correta.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, de acordo com trecho do texto reproduzido a seguir, o significado correto da locução “el punto de quiebre”:

El punto es que aquella no era una conversación privada, era una conversación en un espacio público en la que cualquiera podría opinar, lo que no es necesariamente bueno o malo en sí mismo; el punto de quiebre llega cuando se juzga con principios éticos “universales” una opinión privada (aunque, paradójicamente, realizada en un espacio público).

    In January, two astronomers reported new evidence of a massive, shadowy Planet Nine tracing the outer limits of the solar system. It has a mass 10 times that of the Earth, and its orbit takes it 20 times farther from the sun, on average, than Neptune. The catch? Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown of Caltech haven’t seen it — they inferred its existence from the behavior of smaller objects nearby that appear to be subject to its gravitational pull. Now the search is on. Brown predicts astronomers will find it by 2018.

PAUL, Raeburn, Disponível em: <https://www.newsweek.com/

2016/12/23/top-science-health-stories-2016-531805.html>.

Acesso em: 1 nov. 2018.

According to the text, the only statement that is not true about Planet Nine is that it

NAIDOO, Kovin, Disponível em: . Acesso em: 15 nov. 2018.

Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).

According to this quote by Professor Kovin Naidoo, it’s correct to say:

( ) Eye disability plays a minor role on an individual’s poverty status.

( ) Poor vision puts students at a disadvantage in the classroom.

( ) Poor eye health can lead to or worsen poverty.

( ) Vision impairment and poverty are linked to each other.

The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is

TEXTO:

Importância de se preservar a identidade cultural do Brasil. Disponível

em: http://www.saaesp.org.br/arquivos/2117>. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2018.

TEXTO:

Importância de se preservar a identidade cultural do Brasil. Disponível

em: http://www.saaesp.org.br/arquivos/2117>. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2018.

Texto III

Dependência Digital

Por Gabriela Cabral

A dependência digital é a busca incessante pela utilização da internet que age de forma semelhante à dependência química, pois ocorre como consequência do uso prolongado da internet que, por sua vez, proporciona prazer físico à pessoa. Tal prazer está relacionado a fatos e reações simples como downloads, interatividades, e-mails, que em contato direto com o organismo originam descargas elétricas entre os neurônios através da dopamina.

A dopamina é um neurotransmissor que antecede naturalmente a adrenalina e a noradrenalina que atuam no organismo como estimulantes do sistema nervoso central. A dependência digital estimula a produção da dopamina e provoca uma grande sensação de prazer resultando na busca por tais momentos.

Em pesquisa realizada no ano de 1997, pela pesquisadora Diane Wieland, dos Estados Unidos, foi afirmado que o uso prolongado desta ferramenta facilitadora de buscas e pesquisas promove além do estado vicioso de dependência, relacionamentos interpessoais baseados em fatores supérfluos e sem envolvimentos. Na pesquisa, foi comprovado que pessoas que utilizam a internet em grande escala se tornam virtuais, pois aderem a relacionamentos íntimos, de amizade e de competições virtuais transformando o próprio organismo num organismo virtual.

A dependência digital provoca compulsão, depressão, TOC (transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo), agitação, irritabilidade, perda de sentimentos e perturbação. A perturbação está ligada às preocupações com a rede, com o tempo em que está on-line, com a percepção de sua necessidade de permanecer na internet, o distanciamento de amigos e familiares e ainda com o refúgio que a rede lhe proporciona diante de problemas. 

Do ponto de vista psicológico, a dependência digital é uma patologia e ocorre em alguns casos, não acometendo todos os usuários. Quando se transforma em patologia, deve ser percebida e encaminhada para um profissional competente para que esse auxilie o indivíduo na busca do autocontrole.

Fonte: DANTAS, Gabriela Cabral da Silva. "Dependência Digital"; Brasil Escola.Disponível em 

<https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/psicologia/dependencia-digital.htm> .Acesso em 28 de julho de 2018.

Texto I

Fonte: www.cartunista.com.br. Acesso em 8 de maio de 2018.

To answer question, read the following text.

The movies that rose from the gave

It may disappear for a while, stay out of sight, out of mind, but sooner or later it will rise again, and no matter what we do, or how hard we try, it will never, ever die. A zombie? Hardly, rather our own fascination with what popular culture now refers to as “the living dead”.

Zombies have dominated mainstream horror for more than half a decade. They’re everywhere: movies, books, videogames, comics, even a new Broadway musical adaptation of Sam Raimi’s The Evil Dead. Not only have they replaced previous alpha-monsters such as vampires and werewolves, (1) ___________ are continuing to generate more interest (and revenue) than almost all other creatures put together. Given that several years ago the living dead were considered an obscure and largely underground sub-genre, it would not be an exaggeration to state that they have enjoyed a spectacular rebirth (2) ___________ anything in the history of modern horror.

Where did these creatures come from? Why are they so popular now? And when, if ever, will their reign of terror cease?

(3) ___________ many cultures have their own myths concerning the raising of the dead (one going as far back as the epic of Gilgamesh), the word “zombie” can trace its origins back to west Africa. The legend involves a “houngan” (wizard) using a magical elixir to transform a living human into a mobile, docile and obedient corpse. The fact that this legend is deeply rooted in reality (Haitian zombie powder was discovered to contain a powerful neuro-toxin that caused a live victim to behave like a resurrected corpse) may explain why, when African slaves were brought to the Americas, European colonists also embraced the notion of the living dead.

For several centuries the voodoo zombie remained the staple of tall tales, stage productions, and even early Hollywood movies (4) ___________White Zombie (1932) and I Walked With a Zombie (1943). It wasn’t until 1968 that up-and-coming film maker George A Romero gave us a whole new reason to be afraid. Night of the Living Dead replaced the image of a harmless voodoo-created zombie with a hostile, flesh-eating ghoul that swelled its numbers to pandemic proportions. This new ghoul was the result of science, not magic, specifically radiation from a returning space probe. This new ghoul could, likewise, only be dispatched by a scientific solution: destroying the brain or severing it from the rest of the body. This new ghoul obeyed no one, (5) ___________its own insatiable craving for living, human flesh. In fact, this new ghoul was only referred to throughout the movie as a ghoul. The word zombie was never mentioned.

Available at :< https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/nov/10/1>. Acess on: 23 mar. 2018.

Check the alternative that shows the sequence of words that CORRECTLY fill in the spaces 1-5.

Read the article “The Olympic Games”, to answer question.

The Olympic Games

The ancient Olympic Games were originally a festival, or celebration of and for Zeus; later, events such as a footrace, a javelin contest, and wrestling matches were added. The Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of ancient Greece. They were held in honor of Zeus, and the Greeks gave them a mythological origin. The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC. They continued to be celebrated when Greece came under Roman rule, until the emperor Theodosius I suppressed them in AD 393 as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as the State religion of Rome. The games were held every four years, or olympiad, which became a unit of time in historical chronologies.

During the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their cities to the games in safety. The prizes for the victors were olive leaf wreaths or crowns. The games became a political tool used by city-states to assert dominance over their rivals. Politicians would announce political alliances at the games, and in times of war, priests would offer sacrifices to the gods for victory. The games were also used to help spread Hellenistic culture throughout the Mediterranean. The Olympics also featured religious celebrations. The statue of Zeus at Olympia was counted as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Sculptors and poets would congregate each olympiad to display their works of art to would-be patrons.

The ancient Olympics had fewer events than the modern games, and only freeborn Greek men were allowed to participate, although there were victorious women chariot owners. As long as they met the entrance criteria, athletes from any Greek citystate and kingdom were allowed to participate, although the Hellanodikai, the officials in charge, allowed king Alexander I of Macedon to participate in the games only after he had proven his Greek ancestry. The games were always held at Olympia rather than moving between different locations as is the practice with the modern Olympic Games. Victors at the Olympics were honored, and their feats chronicled for future generations.

Available at:<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games> . Access on: 23 mar. 2018.

Read the following text to answer question.

The nature of intelligence

For many years, scientists (1) ___________ define the nature of human intelligence. However, they (2) ___________unable to agree on whether there is one kind of intelligence, or several kinds. In the early 20th century, psychologist Charles Spearman came up with the concept of 'g' or 'general intelligence'. He (3) ___________ subjects a variety of different tests and (4) ___________ that the people who performed well in the tests used one part of the brain, which he called 'g', for all the tests. More recently, research (5)___________ that this idea may well be true, as one part of the brain (the lateral prefrontal cortex) shows increased blood flow during testing. However, some scientists believe that intelligence is a matter of how much people (6) ___________rather than some ability they are born with. They believe that environment also matters.

VINCE, M. Macmillan English grammar in context. Macmillan, London. 2008. p. 22. Adapted.

Check the alternative that shows the sequence of words that CORRECTLY fill in the spaces (1-6).