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    A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process.

    Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.

    Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said.

    Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in.

    Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job.

    In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.

    “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week.

    Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge.

    The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people.

    In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.”

    Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said.

    Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.

    Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.

    The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.

    “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.”

    For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills.

From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02

TEXT

    A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process.

    Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.

    Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said.

    Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in.

    Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job.

    In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.

    “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week.

    Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge.

    The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people.

    In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.”

    Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said.

    Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.

    Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.

    The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.

    “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.”

    For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills.

From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02

“Existem muitas controvérsias na comunidade científica a respeito do vírus ser ou não um ser vivo. Muitos autores consideram que a vida se originou do RNA, pois, a partir destas moléculas são formadas novas quantidades dela mesma. Em 1960, o físico alemão Manfred Eigen, ganhador de um prêmio Nobel, descobriu que era possível a replicação de RNA in vitro. O RNA, portanto, tornou-se um grande candidato à condição de supermolécula da vida primitiva, capaz de se replicar e sofrer mutações, albergando genes codificadores de enzimas e outras proteínas. Essa molécula, denominada RNA de Eigen, é muito semelhante ao vírus, pois se encontra na fronteira entre o químico e o biológico. Uma das hipóteses da origem do vírus, denominada teoria dos Elementos subcelulares, é de que o vírus seria proveniente de uma molécula de RNA. Uma outra hipótese defende que o vírus teria se originado de seres unicelulares de vida(...).”

(Paulo Roberto Soares Stephens; Maria Beatriz Siqueira Campos de Oliveira; Flávia Coelho Ribeiro; Leila Abboud Dias Carneiro. Conceitos e Métodos para a Formação de Profissionais em Laboratórios de Saúde. Virologia, capítulo 2.)

Sobre os vírus, é INCORRETO afirmar que

Quando Fitting, em 1909, usou o termo para descrever o fenômeno de senescência induzida pela fertilização da flor em orquídeas, o conceito de hormônio surgiu no contexto das plantas. O uso desse termo foi consolidado pelos trabalhos feitos com fototropismo na época da descoberta das auxinas. O botânico alemão Julius Von Sachs (1897) já havia postulada que as plantas produziam determinadas substâncias responsáveis pela formação de órgãos, tais como raízes e flores. Tal conceito foi recentemente desenvolvido pelo grupo do professor Leubner Metzger da Albert Ludwigs University, na Alemanha. O conceito atual inclui a função dos hormônios como mensageiros químicos na comunicação entre células, tecidos e órgãos das plantas superiores.

(Os Hormônios Vegetais, Lourdes Isabel Velho do Amaral, 2010).

No que diz respeito aos hormônios das plantas, assinale a afirmação INCORRETA.

Observe a primeira propaganda da Coca-Cola no Brasil, divulgada em 1943. Em seguida, analise os itens propostos.

Disponível em: <http://www.jipemania.com/coke/brasil/imgbrasil/1943-COCA-COLA-AD-SPRITE-PRIMEIRO-AD.jpg> . Acesso em: 22 ago. 2015.

I. A expressão “gostará imensamente do seu delicioso sabor” demonstra que o produto já era bem conhecido no Brasil.

II. Considerando que a empresa Coca Cola produzia também geladeiras, é possível afirmar que a campanha em favor da Coca-Cola “bem fria” divulgava ao mesmo tempo a venda dos refrigeradores, que possibilitariam o consumo do produto gelado.

III. A expressão “Unidos hoje, unidos sempre” representa uma aproximação da política brasileira e norte-americana no período, que implicará um aumento das importações dos produtos norte-americanos pelo Brasil.

IV. Apesar de a propaganda ser do ano 1943, não é possível estabelecer nenhuma relação entre a comercialização da Coca-Cola no Brasil na década de 1940 e a participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

A imagem a seguir, divulgada no site do jornal O Estado de São Paulo, retrata o movimento social de grupos que pedem o impeachment do governo de Dilma Roussef na manifestação de 16 de agosto de 2015.

Tendo em vista a experiência democrática brasileira, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

A Revolução Francesa foi um dos momentos mais importantes no processo de formação do mundo contemporâneo. Foi um movimento violento que sepultou o absolutismo na cena política e o mercantilismo na economia, tendo um papel de grande destaque a burguesia, interessada em instituir um regime que atendesse aos seus interesses. Durante a revolução tomou forma um corpo legislativo denominado Assembleia Nacional, que tomou parte central na consolidação das reformas objetivadas pela revolução. Dentre as principais reformas realizadas na fase moderada da Revolução Francesa (1789-1791), pela Assembleia Nacional, podemos citar CORRETAMENTE: