Todas as questões do ENEM

TEXTO:

O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Lins da. A Malquerida Liberdade de Imprensa: O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa. Disponível em: <http://interessenacional.uol.com.br/artigos-integra.asp?cd_artigo=41>. Acesso em: maio 2011. Adaptado.

“Existem muitas controvérsias na comunidade científica a respeito do vírus ser ou não um ser vivo. Muitos autores consideram que a vida se originou do RNA, pois, a partir destas moléculas são formadas novas quantidades dela mesma. Em 1960, o físico alemão Manfred Eigen, ganhador de um prêmio Nobel, descobriu que era possível a replicação de RNA in vitro. O RNA, portanto, tornou-se um grande candidato à condição de supermolécula da vida primitiva, capaz de se replicar e sofrer mutações, albergando genes codificadores de enzimas e outras proteínas. Essa molécula, denominada RNA de Eigen, é muito semelhante ao vírus, pois se encontra na fronteira entre o químico e o biológico. Uma das hipóteses da origem do vírus, denominada teoria dos Elementos subcelulares, é de que o vírus seria proveniente de uma molécula de RNA. Uma outra hipótese defende que o vírus teria se originado de seres unicelulares de vida(...).”

(Paulo Roberto Soares Stephens; Maria Beatriz Siqueira Campos de Oliveira; Flávia Coelho Ribeiro; Leila Abboud Dias Carneiro. Conceitos e Métodos para a Formação de Profissionais em Laboratórios de Saúde. Virologia, capítulo 2.)

Sobre os vírus, é INCORRETO afirmar que

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet: 

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet: 

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet: 

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

Leia o texto a seguir.

Na perspectiva dos nativistas e xenófobos, a Companhia de Terras Norte do Paraná atuava a serviço do “imperialismo internacional”, o que ameaçava “a unidade da nação, o povo da terra e a economia brasileira, mantendo-a em estado colonial”. Em 1938, a Sociedade dos Amigos de Alberto Torres desferiu ferrenhas críticas contra a companhia. Seu conferencista, Antônio Alves de Almeida, acusava a empresa de germanizar “judaicamente” o município de Londrina, certamente se referindo a Rolândia, cuja população em grande parte só falava em alemão. Lembrou ainda o episódio do plano de assentamento dos assírios, promovido pela companhia por intermédio do seu diretor Arthur Thomas. [...]

Adaptado de: MAESIMA, Cacilda. Japoneses, multietnicidade e conflito na fronteira: Londrina, 1930/1958. Tese (Doutorado em História)- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. 2012, p. 92.

Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos sobre História do Paraná e governo Vargas, atribua V(verdadeiro) ou F (Falso) para as afirmativas a seguir.

(   ) O estado do Paraná foi criado em meados do século XIX, em pleno contexto republicano e, diferentemente de outras regiões do país que dependeram da escravidão, o desenvolvimento da economia da erva-mate empregou mão de obra assalariada.

(   )  O Brasil tem sido marcado pela confluência de múltiplas etnias e culturas haja vista a contribuição de indígenas, africanos e europeus, caracterizando uma democracia racial com permanências no Paraná.

(   )  A Companhia de Terras Norte do Paraná, constituída a partir da ação do capital britânico nos anos 1920, permitiu, ao lado da própria população nacional, a formação de colônias étnicas, que se tornaram foco de ataque de grupos nativistas.

(   ) Uma das estratégias utilizadas para a migração judaica para Rolândia entre os anos 1940 e 1945 foi a compra de aço para a construção de ferrovias na região, em bora o projeto tenha sido inviabilizado pela ação dos grupos nativistas.

(   ) O governo de Getúlio Vargas nos anos 1930 e 1940 foi marcado por posturas políticas ideologicamente próximas aos países do Eixo, o que apresentou implicações em diversas regiões do país, inclusive áreas de fronteira.

Assinale a alternativa que contém, de cima para baixo, a sequência correta.

Re-Planting a Forest, One Drone at a Time

That funny little buzz you hear in the forest may not just be the hum of summer insects. In the near future it could be a small fleet of drones, coming to replant and restore forests that have been stripped of trees by industrial-scale deforestation. It’s all part of an ambitious plan by BioCarbon Engineering, a U.K.-based startup on a global mission to battle widespread clear-cutting, which strips more than 26 billion trees off the planet each year. CEO Lauren Fletcher, who spent 20 years as an engineer with NASA, says the only way to fight industrial-scale deforestation is with industrial-scale reforestation. Their idea: plant 1 billion trees a year. The first targets are in South Africa and the Amazonian jungles, both of which have suffered from widespread forest eradication.

BioCarbon’s reforestation scheme is simple and efficient. Here’s a quick look at how it plans to deploy its drone fleet: 

1 Do a 3-D aerial survey. First, drones are sent to fly over a potential planting zone, snapping photos that create 3-D maps of the area to be reforested. The number of drones will vary depending up on the size of the seeding.

2 Create a seeding plan. Once all that terrain data has been analyzed, it then generates a seeding pattern that best suits the terrain.

3 Load the seed pods. The drones, which are equipped with guidance and control software, carry pressurized canisters of seed pods with germinated seeds immersed in a nutrient-rich gel.

4 Hover and plant. Flying at a height of 1 or 2 meters, the drones follow the planting patterns, firing the biodegradable seed pods down to the ground. The pods break open upon impact, allowing the germinated seed a chance to take root.

5 Monitor growth. After planting, the drones do low-level flights to assess the health of the sprouts and saplings.

Such “precision forestry,” as BioCarbon calls it, is extremely efficient. A farmer might hand plant as many as 3,000 seeds a day; Fletcher says his drones can drop up to 36,000 seed pods daily, often in areas where a human can’t reach. Working with local ecologists, BioCarbon will use the drones to spread a variety of tree species, as well as microorganisms and fungi designed to improve the soil quality. “The central focus is ecosystem restoration,” Fletcher says.

On a planetary climatological scale, Morton notes that “tropical deforestation plays a big role in global climate cycles,” claiming the accelerated pace of cutting and burning of forests accounted for 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in the 1990s. Fletcher and his team want to help reverse that trend. “By planting at the scale we’re looking at,” he says, “we can make a real longterm impact. We hope to do a lot of good in the world.”

(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/brandlab/2015/07/re-planting-forest-one-drone-time/. Access on 22/8/2017)

Leia o texto a seguir.

No caso de processos de entendimento mútuo linguísticos, os atores erguem com seus atos de fala, ao se entenderem com outros sobre algo, pretensões de validez, mais precisamente, pretensões de verdade, pretensões de correção e pretensões de sinceridade, conforme se refiram a algo no mundo objetivo (enquanto totalidade dos estados de coisas existentes), a algo no mundo social comum (enquanto totalidade das relações interpessoais legitimamente reguladas de um processo social) ou a algo no mundo subjetivo próprio (enquanto totalidade das vivências a que têm acesso privilegiado).

HABERMAS, Jürgen. Consciência moral e agir comunicativo. Trad. de Guido Antônio de Almeida. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1989, p. 79.

Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos sobre a teoria do agir comunicativo, é correto afirmar que, para Habermas, a verdade de um enunciado é