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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Text 3 - How to Tell if Your Sunscreen Protects You From the Sun - Here’s what you need to know.

        Don’t go overboard with the SPF. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using an SPF of at least 30, but most experts agree to not go over 50. It’s not that a higher SPF doesn’t provide any more protection, but once you get above 50, that increase is negligible. Case in point: SPF 50 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 100 blocks about 99%.
        But most sunscreen users don’t think about that; rather, they see a number that’s twice as high and assume they’ll get twice as much protection or that the protection will last twice as long, which cultivates a false sense of security that could lead to a bad burn. “SPF values above 50 are really misleading,” Lunder says. “They offer a very small increase in sunburn [UVB] protection, and they don't offer better UVA protection.” She says that the FDA is considering a rule to cap SPF values at 50, but nothing has been finalized.
        And then there’s the fact that, although the increase in SPF doesn’t add much protection, it could increase your chances of negative side effects from the ingredients. “We do not recommend SPF of 50 or higher, as the minimal added protection does not outweigh the exponentially more active ingredients required to do so,” Chris Birchby, the founder of the sun-care line Coola, tells Teen Vogue. “More active ingredients increase the chances of skin irritation.”
    http://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-to-tell-if-sunscreen-protects-you-from-the-sun
    According to the text 3, SPF values above 50 are misleading because:
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  • Linguagens

    Português

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    Imagem da questão de Português, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão 2023, Interpretação de Textos

    Há relação semântica adequada nas ideias expressas entre os seguintes trechos:
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    This text refers to question.


    Sprowston mother in stand-off with school over bullying

                                         By David HannantDHannant87Specialist reporter: health and education



    A Sprowston mother is locked in a stand-off with her daughter's school after keeping her at home for the past six weeks to avoid what she describes as "brutal" bullying.


    Rebecca Everson says the treatment her 12-year-old daughter Phoebe suffers has become so severe that the youngster has been left "a shell of a girl".


    She says the Year 8 Sprowston Community Academy pupil is subjected to cruel messages on social media platforms like Whatsapp, Instagram and Snapchat and has abuse hurled at her by classmates regularly.


    After raising her concerns with school leaders, Ms. Everson said her daughter's issues only got worse so for the past six weeks she has refused to send her in. However, she now claims the school is threatening her with fines over Phoebe's attendance record.


    She said: "The bullying Phoebe has suffered has been awful. They send her messages calling her every name under the sun. It is brutal.


    "I have rung the school and told them she does not feel safe at school and requested work to be sent home for her, but they have done nothing."


    Ms. Everson the issue started in October last year, which she reported to Phoebe's teachers.


    She said: "The school said they would talk to the girls involved, but when they did it just aggravated the situation.


    "Some of the girls involved in the cyberbullying attend other schools nearby too, so moving schools is just not viable.


    "Phoebe is a shell of the girl she was before this all began. She has done nothing to deserve this but now she's terrified to even go to school.


    "I just feel like I'm going around and around in circles trying to get something done - it's terribly awful."


    Sprowston Community Academy was approached for comment but said the school was unable to comment on individual cases.



    Sprowston mother in stand-off with school over bullying | Extract taken from Eastern Daily Press (edp24.co.uk) and slightly modified.

    Based on Phoebe’s mother complaining about her suffering bullying daughter, one can say that, after such a negative experience, Phoebe
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    This text refers to question.


    Sprowston mother in stand-off with school over bullying

                                         By David HannantDHannant87Specialist reporter: health and education



    A Sprowston mother is locked in a stand-off with her daughter's school after keeping her at home for the past six weeks to avoid what she describes as "brutal" bullying.


    Rebecca Everson says the treatment her 12-year-old daughter Phoebe suffers has become so severe that the youngster has been left "a shell of a girl".


    She says the Year 8 Sprowston Community Academy pupil is subjected to cruel messages on social media platforms like Whatsapp, Instagram and Snapchat and has abuse hurled at her by classmates regularly.


    After raising her concerns with school leaders, Ms. Everson said her daughter's issues only got worse so for the past six weeks she has refused to send her in. However, she now claims the school is threatening her with fines over Phoebe's attendance record.


    She said: "The bullying Phoebe has suffered has been awful. They send her messages calling her every name under the sun. It is brutal.


    "I have rung the school and told them she does not feel safe at school and requested work to be sent home for her, but they have done nothing."


    Ms. Everson the issue started in October last year, which she reported to Phoebe's teachers.


    She said: "The school said they would talk to the girls involved, but when they did it just aggravated the situation.


    "Some of the girls involved in the cyberbullying attend other schools nearby too, so moving schools is just not viable.


    "Phoebe is a shell of the girl she was before this all began. She has done nothing to deserve this but now she's terrified to even go to school.


    "I just feel like I'm going around and around in circles trying to get something done - it's terribly awful."


    Sprowston Community Academy was approached for comment but said the school was unable to comment on individual cases.



    Sprowston mother in stand-off with school over bullying | Extract taken from Eastern Daily Press (edp24.co.uk) and slightly modified.

    The English grammar has been established by the usage of strict rules along the time. The following group of options has been used under the same core grammar fundament EXCEPT one. It is the option in letter
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    This text refers to question.


    Wangari Maathai

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

            Wangari Maathai, in full Wangari Muta Maathai, (born April 1, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya—died September 25, 2011, Nairobi), Kenyan politician and environmental activist who was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for Peace, becoming the first Black African woman to win a Nobel Prize.

            Maathai was educated in the United States at Mount St. Scholastica College (1964) and at the University of Pittsburgh (M.S., 1966). In 1971 she received a Ph.D. at the University of Nairobi, effectively becoming the first woman in either East or Central Africa to earn a doctorate.

            Maathai developed the idea that village women could improve the environment by planting trees to provide a fuel source and to slow the processes of deforestation and desertification. The Green Belt Movement, an organization she founded in 1977, had by the early 21st century planted some 30 million trees. Leaders of the Green Belt Movement established the Pan African Green Belt Network in 1986 in order to educate world leaders about conservation and environmental improvement.

            In addition to her conservation work, Maathai was elected to Kenya’s National Assembly in 2002 with 98 percent of the vote, and in 2003 she was appointed assistant minister of environment, natural resources, and wildlife. When she won the Nobel Prize in 2004, the committee commended her “holistic approach to sustainable development that embraces democracy, human rights, and women’s rights in particular.” She published an autobiography, Unbowed, in 2007. Another volume, The Challenge for Africa (2009), criticized Africa’s leadership as ineffectual and urged Africans to try to solve their problems without Western assistance. Maathai was a frequent contributor to international publications such as the Los Angeles Times and the Guardian.

    Wangari Maathai | Extract taken from Biography, Nobel Peace Prize, Books, Green Belt Movement, & Facts | Britannica
    Wangari Maathai developed a project to improve the environment. If they fail the main goal of this project, one would have, as a consequence
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    This text refers to question.


    Wangari Maathai

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão 2023, Adjetivos | Adjectives

            Wangari Maathai, in full Wangari Muta Maathai, (born April 1, 1940, Nyeri, Kenya—died September 25, 2011, Nairobi), Kenyan politician and environmental activist who was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for Peace, becoming the first Black African woman to win a Nobel Prize.

            Maathai was educated in the United States at Mount St. Scholastica College (1964) and at the University of Pittsburgh (M.S., 1966). In 1971 she received a Ph.D. at the University of Nairobi, effectively becoming the first woman in either East or Central Africa to earn a doctorate.

            Maathai developed the idea that village women could improve the environment by planting trees to provide a fuel source and to slow the processes of deforestation and desertification. The Green Belt Movement, an organization she founded in 1977, had by the early 21st century planted some 30 million trees. Leaders of the Green Belt Movement established the Pan African Green Belt Network in 1986 in order to educate world leaders about conservation and environmental improvement.

            In addition to her conservation work, Maathai was elected to Kenya’s National Assembly in 2002 with 98 percent of the vote, and in 2003 she was appointed assistant minister of environment, natural resources, and wildlife. When she won the Nobel Prize in 2004, the committee commended her “holistic approach to sustainable development that embraces democracy, human rights, and women’s rights in particular.” She published an autobiography, Unbowed, in 2007. Another volume, The Challenge for Africa (2009), criticized Africa’s leadership as ineffectual and urged Africans to try to solve their problems without Western assistance. Maathai was a frequent contributor to international publications such as the Los Angeles Times and the Guardian.

    Wangari Maathai | Extract taken from Biography, Nobel Peace Prize, Books, Green Belt Movement, & Facts | Britannica
    The underlined words environmental (3rd par.), National (4th par.), and natural (4th par.), according to the english morphology, are respectively
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    This text refers to question.


    P U R E Z A

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Mrs. Pureza’s son, Abel, left Maranhão with great plans, but ended up as a victim of modern slavery inside a farm in the southeast of Pará. Similar stories are shared by many workers coming from different Brazilian states, mostly in the Northeast of the country, such as Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará and Bahia. The protagonists of many of these stories end up becoming numbers, or not even that, they simply “disappeared into the world”.

    With the lack of news from her son, Pureza did not observe this situation inertly, but instead waged a colossal struggle, probably much greater and more complex than she could have imagined when she started the three-year journey in search of her son.

    Clues led Pureza to a farm where she was able to unmask a major modern slavery scheme. With immense courage, she was able to change not only the life of her son but also lives connected to several other families and friends, bringing into focus the violation of human rights happening openly in Pará. A region that has been made invisible on the national scene and even more ignored on an international scale.

    LIMA, Ana Rosa de. Extract taken from Recommendation: Pureza (movie) – Meli (meli-bees.org). Accessed on June 6th. Text slightly modified
    Based on the reading of this extract as well as the other two triggered texts in this English Test, one can affirm that the main common linking-points among them is that they
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Behind the Meaning of the Pope’s Names
    The new pope’s choice of ‘Francis’ hints at the direction of his reign.
        Enter Pope Francis. The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. It is, indeed, a historic moment for the papacy. Those who waited for a leader from the new Catholic world will no doubt be __( I )__ by the choice, but his new status as the leader of a global church requires a different persona and a new mode of action. The new pope speaks not only for Argentina, Latin America, and the Jesuits, but also for the entire Roman Catholic world.

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. (Enrique Marcarian/Reuters)

        It is precisely for this reason that cardinals shed their names along with their brightly __( II )__ vestments. Historically, the tradition of selecting a new papal name dates back to the sixth century, when Pope John II swapped his awkwardly __( III )__ name Mercurius for the solidly Christian John. At the same time the selection of religious names is more than an opportunity to symbolically cast aside individual identity. Papal names chart a course for the future by summoning up the past. The new pope assumes either the mantle of religious heroes and leaders from days gone by or the virtues of the Innocents and the Piuses. The selection of the name both forges a new identity and signals how the pope wishes to be seen and remembered. It is, in essence, not only the answer to the __( IV )__ question “Who do you want to be when you grow up?” but also a way of preemptively writing one’s own reviews.
        Traditionally popes have been __( V )__ of reaching too high, of appearing too self-congratulatory. The office of the pope is built, literally and metaphorically, on the legacy of St. Peter, the apostle of Christ, whose remains lie beneath the papal seat in the Vatican. But there has been no Pope Peter II. Thus far, no pope has had the audacity to present himself as standing in continuity with the favored disciple of Jesus. Nor would Pope Francis have been able to select the name of the founder of his own order. A Pope Ignatius—after Jesuit founder Ignatius of Loyola—would have appeared self-serving.
        At first blush, Pope Francis’s selection of a previously __( VI )__ papal name—he is no 23rd anything—marks a break with the past and augurs well for those looking for a move away from deeply entrenched institutionalism. The new pope symbolically clears the deck for a new period of Catholic history. For a church desperately in need of an administrative makeover, it creates a nominally blank slate for the pale-garbed pontiff.
    Newsweek

    The article clearly states that
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension From the third to the fifth paragraph, the author presents the advances that led to an increase in human longevity.

    In the fourth paragraph, the pair of factors affected by those advances is:

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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Adjetivos | Adjectives

    Behind the Meaning of the Pope’s Names
    The new pope’s choice of ‘Francis’ hints at the direction of his reign.
        Enter Pope Francis. The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. It is, indeed, a historic moment for the papacy. Those who waited for a leader from the new Catholic world will no doubt be __( I )__ by the choice, but his new status as the leader of a global church requires a different persona and a new mode of action. The new pope speaks not only for Argentina, Latin America, and the Jesuits, but also for the entire Roman Catholic world.

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Adjetivos | Adjectives
    The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. (Enrique Marcarian/Reuters)

        It is precisely for this reason that cardinals shed their names along with their brightly __( II )__ vestments. Historically, the tradition of selecting a new papal name dates back to the sixth century, when Pope John II swapped his awkwardly __( III )__ name Mercurius for the solidly Christian John. At the same time the selection of religious names is more than an opportunity to symbolically cast aside individual identity. Papal names chart a course for the future by summoning up the past. The new pope assumes either the mantle of religious heroes and leaders from days gone by or the virtues of the Innocents and the Piuses. The selection of the name both forges a new identity and signals how the pope wishes to be seen and remembered. It is, in essence, not only the answer to the __( IV )__ question “Who do you want to be when you grow up?” but also a way of preemptively writing one’s own reviews.
        Traditionally popes have been __( V )__ of reaching too high, of appearing too self-congratulatory. The office of the pope is built, literally and metaphorically, on the legacy of St. Peter, the apostle of Christ, whose remains lie beneath the papal seat in the Vatican. But there has been no Pope Peter II. Thus far, no pope has had the audacity to present himself as standing in continuity with the favored disciple of Jesus. Nor would Pope Francis have been able to select the name of the founder of his own order. A Pope Ignatius—after Jesuit founder Ignatius of Loyola—would have appeared self-serving.
        At first blush, Pope Francis’s selection of a previously __( VI )__ papal name—he is no 23rd anything—marks a break with the past and augurs well for those looking for a move away from deeply entrenched institutionalism. The new pope symbolically clears the deck for a new period of Catholic history. For a church desperately in need of an administrative makeover, it creates a nominally blank slate for the pale-garbed pontiff.
    Newsweek

    The adjectives that properly fill in blanks I, II, III, IV, V and VI, in the text, are
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    Inglês

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Django Unchained review:
    A truly wild Western with a killer line-up
    Review of Oscar-nominated film by Sunday Mirror film critic Mark Adam.

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    SONY PICTURES

    THE STARS
    Jamie Foxx, Christoph Waltz, Leonardo DiCaprio, Samuel L Jackson, Walton Goggins, Kerry Washington.
    THE STORY
        Two years before the start of the Civil War, the unlikely partnership of German bounty hunter Dr King Schultz (Waltz) and Django (Foxx) – the slave he recently freed – set about making money tracking and killing outlaws.
        But Django also has plans to rescue his wife Broomhilda (Washington) from charismatic but cruel Mississippi plantation owner Calvin Candie (DiCaprio).
    THE VERDICT
        When Quentin Tarantino decides to make a Western, you know it’s going to be epic, violent, funny, exciting and challenging. And this wonderfully irreverent and distinctively bloody take on the wild Wild West hits the spot, brimming with delightfully oddball characters and racy style.
        This is obviously not your run-of-the-mill cowboy tale. Instead, Tarantino flies close to controversy by setting his story against the violent and brutal backdrop of the slave trade.
        As usual his casting is spot on. Waltz (who won an Oscar for his evil Nazi role in Tarantino’s last film Inglourious Basterds) is smooth perfection as a German dentist/bounty hunter and is wonderfully complemented by Jamie Foxx’s steely-eyed former slave.
        The early bonding scenes of them tracking redneck villains (Django relishes the fact he can make money killing “white folk”) are amusingly and snappily shot.
        Initially, Tarantino pokes fun at the rampant and casual racism of the period – hilariously so in a scene involving a Ku Klux Klan mob complaining about eye holes in their hoods??– but things turn nastier when Schultz and Django attempt to rescue Broomhilda.
        Leonardo DiCaprio has a fine old time as the brutal Candie and absolutely oozes slippery cruelty. But he manages to be out-acted by Tarantino regular Samuel L Jackson, playing an elderly slave and close confidant of Candie who is as menacing and controlling as his supposed master.
    The meanings of the words “bounty hunter”, “run-of-the-mill” and “redneck” in the text are, respectively,
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie 2013, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    According to the cartoon,
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  • Linguagens

    Português

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    Texto I
     
    [...] A abertura da Perimetral Norte, BR-2010, sem os necessários cuidados de saúde, levou àquela região gripe, sarampo, tuberculose, moléstias de peles e doenças venéreas. [...] O garimpo irrompeu como outra modalidade de doença, subtraindo dos Yanomami mais de 150 toneladas de cassiterita. Os índios reagiram, houve conflitos e as autoridades fizeram recuar os garimpeiros, interrompendo-se as obras da Perimetral Norte. De tudo isso resultou o saldo da morte de vários indígenas.

    Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1979)
    Texto II

    Imagem da questão de Português, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão 2023, Interpretação de Textos
       

    Os dois textos podem ser unidos pela crítica à situação em que se encontra o povo Yanomami em distintos períodos. Pode-se inferir da leitura comparativa dos textos que
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    INSTRUCTIONS: Read the texts carefully and then choose the alternative which best completes the statement in each question, from 33 to 40.

    Figura 1 de 4 da questão de Inglês, UFMG 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 4 da questão de Inglês, UFMG 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 3 de 4 da questão de Inglês, UFMG 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    Study this cartoon:

    Figura 4 de 4 da questão de Inglês, UFMG 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    We can infer that the cartoon above says that socialism
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    “__( I )__ you know who you are, and what you want, __( II )__ you let things upset you.” -Bob Harris, “Lost in Translation”

    The best way to complete the blanks I and II in the text is
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    Português

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    Os casos de feminicídio, no século XXI, têm sido constantemente anunciados na mídia. Embora possa parecer “algo novo”, já se afirmava a violência à mulher em séculos anteriores. Leia os textos sobre o tema. O primeiro descreve as formas de opressão sofridas pelas mulheres; o segundo define o conceito de feminicídio no mundo contemporâneo.


    TEXTO I

    NAS MÃOS DE UM HOMEM, A LÓGICA É MUITAS VEZES VIOLÊNCIA

    0 casamento incita o homem a um imperialismo caprichoso: a tentação de dominar é a mais universal, a mais irresistível que existe; muitas vezes não basta ao esposo ser aprovado, admirado, aconselhar, guiar: ele ordena, representa o papel de soberano. Todos os rancores acumulados em sua infância, durante sua vida, acumulados quotidianamente entre os outros homens cuja existência o freia e fere, ele descarrega em casa, acenando para a mulher com sua autoridade; mima a violência, a força, a intransigência: dá ordens com voz severa, ou grita, bate na mesa; essa comédia é para a mulher uma realidade quotidiana. Ele se acha tão convencido de seus direitos que a menor autonomia conservada pela mulher lhe parece uma rebeldia; gostaria de impedi-la de respirar sem ele.

    BEAUVOIR, Simone. Segundo Sexo. São Paulo, Nova Fonteira: 2020.


    TEXTO II

    O CONCEITO DE FEMINICÍDIO

    “Trata-se de um crime de ódio. O conceito surgiu na década de 1970 com o fim de reconhecer e dar visibilidade à discriminação, opressão, desigualdade e violência sistemática contra as mulheres, que, em sua forma mais aguda, culmina na morte. Essa forma de assassinato não constitui um evento isolado e nem repentino ou inesperado; ao contrário, faz parte de um processo contínuo de violências, cujas raízes misóginas caracterizam o uso de violência extrema. Inclui uma vasta gama de abusos, desde verbais, físicos e sexuais, como o estupro, e diversas formas de mutilação e de barbárie.”

    Eleonora Menicucci

    https://dossies.agenciapatriciagalvao.org.br/feminicidio/capitulos/o-que-e-feminicidio/#o-que-e-feminicidio.
     

    Da leitura dos dois textos, pode-se afirmar que Beauvoir já identificava, nos anos 40 do século XX, que a violência contra a mulher sempre foi
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  • Linguagens

    Literatura

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    Imagem da questão de Literatura, ENEM 2011, Escolas Literárias

    O pintor espanhol Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), um dos mais valorizados no mundo artístico, tanto em termos financeiros quanto históricos, criou a obra Guernica em protesto ao ataque aéreo à pequena cidade basca de mesmo nome. A obra, feita para integrar o Salão Internacional de Artes Plásticas de Paris, percorreu toda a Europa, chegando aos EUA e instalando-se no MoMA, de onde sairia apenas em 1981. Essa obra cubista apresenta elementos plásticos identificados pelo
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    Português

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    GÊNESIS (INTRO)

    Deus fez o mar, as árvore, as criança, o amor

    O homem me deu a favela, o crack, a trairagem

    As arma, as bebida, as puta

    Eu? 

    Eu tenho uma Bíblia velha, uma pistola automática

    Um sentimento de revolta

    Eu tô tentando sobreviver no inferno


    (Racionais Mc’s, Sobrevivendo no inferno. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2018, p. 45.)


    “Gênesis” é a segunda canção do álbum Sobrevivendo no Inferno. É antecedida pela invocação de uma outra canção, intitulada “Jorge da Capadócia”, de Jorge Ben.

    É correto afirmar que as evocações dos elementos religiosos nesse álbum 

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    Português

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    O trecho a seguir faz parte do livro, Um amor conquistado: o mito do amor materno, escrito pela pesquisadora francesa Elisabeth Badinter que desenvolveu uma análise crítica, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica e cultural das sociedades ocidentais, sobre a maneira que a ideia do amor materno é concebida e reproduzida socialmente.

          O amor materno é apenas um sentimento humano. E como todo sentimento, é incerto, frágil e imperfeito. (...) Observando-se a evolução das atitudes maternas, constata-se que o interesse e a dedicação à criança se manifestam ou não se manifestam. A ternura existe ou não existe. As diferentes maneiras de expressar o amor materno vão do mais ao menos, passando pelo nada, ou o quase nada. Na França, em meados do século XVIII o envio das crianças para a casa de amas se estende por todas as camadas da sociedade urbana. Dos mais pobres aos mais ricos, nas pequenas ou grandes cidades, a entrega dos filhos aos exclusivos cuidados de uma ama é um fenômeno generalizado.Todavia, é no último terço do século XVIII que se opera uma espécie de revolução das mentalidades. A imagem da mãe, de seu papel e de sua importância, modifica-se radicalmente, ainda que, na prática, os comportamentos tardassem a se alterar. São inúmeras as publicações que recomendam às mães cuidar pessoalmente dos filhos e lhes "ordenam" amamentá-los. Elas impõem, à mulher, a obrigação de ser mãe antes de tudo, e engendram o mito que continuará bem vivo duzentos anos mais tarde: o do instinto materno, ou do amor espontâneo de toda mãe pelo filho. Moralistas, administradores, médicos puseram-se em campo e expuseram seus argumentos mais sutis para persuadi-las a retornar a melhores sentimentos e a "dar novamente o seio". Outro discurso, mais sedutor aos seus ouvidos, esboçava-se atrás desse primeiro. Era o discurso da felicidade e da igualdade que as atingia acima de tudo. Durante quase dois séculos, todos os ideólogos lhes prometeram mundos e fundos se assumissem suas tarefas maternas: “Sede boas mães, e sereis felizes e respeitadas. Tornai-vos indispensáveis na família, e obtereis o direito de cidadania”. A curiosa, a ambiciosa, a audaciosa metamorfoseia-se numa criatura modesta e ponderada, cujas ambições não ultrapassam os limites do lar.

    BADINTER, Elisabeth. Um amor conquistado: o mito do amor materno. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985. Adaptado
     

    Ao analisar, sociologicamente, o texto, é correto afirmar que esse sentimento materno é
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    Literatura

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    Tradicionalmente, o palco pode apresentar uma variedade de estilos cênicos, entre os quais se destacam o estilo realista (põe em evidência detalhes ambientais para sugerir sensações e emoções vividas pelas personagens), o estilo expressionista (os objetos são distorcidos ou estilizados, com o fim de sugerir, mais que mostrar, o ambiente de atuação das personagens), o estilo simbolista (os objetos concretos sugerem ideias abstratas, segundo associações sinestéticas tradicionais: o verde, vestido pelos mágicos, indica a esperança; o vermelho, a cor do demônio, sugere uma paixão violenta; a veste branca simboliza a candura, a castidade).
    (Adaptado de Salvatore D´Onofrio, Teoria do texto 2: Teoria da lírica e do drama. São Paulo: Ática, 1995, p. 138.)

    Sem identidade, hierarquias no chão, estilos misturados, a pós-modernidade é isto e aquilo, num presente aberto pelo e.
    (Jair Ferreira dos Santos, O que é o pós-moderno. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2004, p. 110.)

    Com base nas indicações cênicas (as didascálias) que abrem e fecham a peça O marinheiro, de Fernando Pessoa, é correto afirmar que o seu estilo é
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