Área do conhecimento
Todas as questões de Linguagens do banco, com gabarito em cada página. Combine com ano, disciplina e dificuldade para montar sua lista de estudo.
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Construção histórica da identidade do negro brasileiro
SOUZA, Neusa Santos. Tornar-se negro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2021. p. 47-49. [Adaptado].
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Construção histórica da identidade do negro brasileiro
SOUZA, Neusa Santos. Tornar-se negro. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2021. p. 47-49. [Adaptado].
Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/aunty-acid/2024/03/08. Acesso em: 08 mar. 2024.
The conjunction “because” in the comic expresses
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Child of the Dark: The Diary of Carolina Maria de Jesus
A powerful and gripping memoir depicting the harsh realities of life in the favelas of Brazil in the 1950s, and one woman's resilience in the face of poverty, racism, and social inequality.
Living in poverty in a Brazilian favela, or "slum," Carolina tried to scrape together a living by collecting recyclables. Among the trash, she found notebooks and papers that she salvaged to write on, and she used these found papers to craft novels, poetry, plays, letters to authorities--as well as her own journal.
In this stunning diary of perseverance in the face of adversity, violence, and starvation, Carolina Maria de Jesus offers a firsthand account of life in the streets of São Paulo that, upon its first publication over 50 years ago, drew international attention to the plight of the poor.
A unique historical account and a critical work in the canon of Afro-Brazilian literature, Child of the Dark offers an essential perspective on the realities and cruelties of life in a favela at the beginning of the "modernization" of the city of São Paulo. Its themes of struggles against marginalization, classism, and racism continue to resonate today.
Includes eight pages of photographs and an afterword by Robert M. Levine
Translated from the Portuguese by David S. Clair
Disponível em: https://www.amazon.com/ Child-Dark-Diary-Carolina-Maria/dp/0451529103. Acesso em: 08 mar. 2024.
The main goal of the text above is toLeia o poema abaixo para responder à questão.
The giver (for Berdis) by James Baldwin
1 If the hope of giving
2 is to love the living,
3 the giver risks madness
4 in the act of giving.
5 Some such lesson I seemed to see
6 in the faces that surrounded me.
7 Needy and blind, unhopeful, unlifted,
8 what gift would give them the gift to be gifted?
9 The giver is no less adrift
10 than those who are clamouring for the gift.
11 If they cannot claim it, if it is not there,
12 if their empty fingers beat the empty air
13 and the giver goes down on his knees in prayer
14 knows that all of his giving has been for naught
15 and that nothing was ever what he thought
16 and turns in his guilty bed to stare
17 at the starving multitudes standing there
18 and rises from bed to curse at heaven,
19 he must yet understand that to whom much is given
20 much will be taken, and justly so:
21 I cannot tell how much I owe.
Leia o poema abaixo para responder à questão.
The giver (for Berdis) by James Baldwin
1 If the hope of giving
2 is to love the living,
3 the giver risks madness
4 in the act of giving.
5 Some such lesson I seemed to see
6 in the faces that surrounded me.
7 Needy and blind, unhopeful, unlifted,
8 what gift would give them the gift to be gifted?
9 The giver is no less adrift
10 than those who are clamouring for the gift.
11 If they cannot claim it, if it is not there,
12 if their empty fingers beat the empty air
13 and the giver goes down on his knees in prayer
14 knows that all of his giving has been for naught
15 and that nothing was ever what he thought
16 and turns in his guilty bed to stare
17 at the starving multitudes standing there
18 and rises from bed to curse at heaven,
19 he must yet understand that to whom much is given
20 much will be taken, and justly so:
21 I cannot tell how much I owe.
Pneumotórax
Febre, hemoptise, dispneia e suores noturnos.
A vida inteira que podia ter sido e que não foi.
Tosse, tosse, tosse.
Mandou chamar o médico:
– Diga trinta e três.
– Trinta e três… trinta e três… trinta e três…
– Respire.
………………………………………………………….
– O senhor tem uma escavação no pulmão esquerdo e o pulmão direito infiltrado.
– Então, doutor, não é possível tentar o pneumotórax?
– Não. A única coisa a fazer é tocar um tango argentino.
BANDEIRA, Manuel. Pneumotórax. Poesia completa e prosa. Rio de Janeiro: Aguilar, 1993. p. 206.
A construção social do ser humano
BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].
A construção social do ser humano
BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].
A construção social do ser humano
BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].
A construção social do ser humano
BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].
Considere o seguinte trecho:
“Se examinarmos a questão em termos de desenvolvimento orgânico, é possível dizer que o período fetal no ser humano se estende por todo o primeiro ano após o nascimento” (linhas 5-7).
A oração subordinada que inicia o período apresenta uma
A construção social do ser humano
BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].
O texto “A construção social do ser humano” tem como objetivo“Do No Harm” is a gripping memoir written by renowned neurosurgeon Henry Marsh. Published in 2014, this book takes readers on a remarkable journey into the world of neurosurgery, offering a glimpse into the high stakes and complex nature of this critical medical profession. The quotes that follow are part of this book:
I - "An effective doctor operates not just with their scalpel, but with their words, their presence, and their healing touch” (Marsh, 2014).
II - “To be a doctor is to be a lifelong student, forever humbled by the complexity and mystery of the human body” (Marsh, 2014).
Disponível em: https://www.bookey.app/quote-book/do-no-harm. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
Considering quotes I and II, it can be stated that
The information the doctors is expressing is:
Disponível em: https://www.glasbergen.com/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024
Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil
Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.
Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.
This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.
For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.
With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.
One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.
Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
A problem mentioned in the text is:Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil
Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.
Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.
This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.
For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.
With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.
One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.
Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].
According to the text, Primary Health Care (PHC)Em evento histórico realizado em São Gabriel da Cachoeira, no dia 19 de julho de 2023, houve o Lançamento da Constituição Federal traduzida, pela primeira vez, para uma língua indígena: o Nheengatu. A Rede Wayuri traduziu o Artigo 231 do capítulo VIII da Constituição Federal, em mais três línguas, além do Nheengatu: Baniwa, Yanomami e Tukano.
O Capítulo VIII – Dos Índios. Art. 231. São reconhecidos aos índios sua organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União demarcá-las, proteger e fazer respeitar todos os seus bens. (Adaptado de SERRA, P. Constituição Federal ganha versão em nheengatu. EXTRA, 17/07/2023.)
A seguir, há declarações de pessoas entrevistadas para a reportagem. Assinale a alternativa que diz respeito à vitalidade das línguas indígenas.
Araetá – A Literatura dos Povos Originários é uma experiência de exuberante diversidade manifestada por escritoras e escritores que propiciam um rico diálogo intercultural. O curador Ademario Ribeiro Payayá explica a gênese do nome da exposição. “Ara e etá são termos da língua Tupi. Ara é o dia, o que está no alto, o fruto, o mundo. Etá é o plural dessa língua. Araetá, assim, nos remete aos frutos, aos dias, aos mundos da literatura dos povos originários que, nessa exposição, são percorríveis através das histórias criadas por 114 autores. Como numa espécie de Caminho de Peabiru – antiga rota que conectava diferentes povos indígenas do continente SulAmericano –, Araetá traça um percurso que abrange a diversidade étnica, geográfica e temática de escritoras e escritores indígenas. Nas bordas desse percurso, há o convite para um diálogo intercultural”. (Adaptado de Exposição “Araetá: A Literatura Dos Povos Originários”. 24/08/2023. Sesc Ipiranga. Sesc Ipiranga.)
O nome da exposição éApresenta-se, a seguir, um trecho de um artigo acadêmico que analisa a obra “Ajuricaba”, uma história em quadrinhos (HQ) criada por Ademar Vieira.
“O protagonista da história, Ajuricaba, da etnia Manao, é apresentado como um herói destemido, valente, justo e defensor incansável das liberdades e prerrogativas dos ameríndios do Rio Negro frente às arbitrariedades lusitanas. Um dos episódios emblemáticos em que se pode observar as qualidades mencionadas acima se dá nas primeiras páginas da HQ: o protagonista liberta uma anta das garras de uma sucuri (...). A facilidade com que realiza a ação é comparável aos atos dos grandes heróis das epopeias clássicas. A força e bravura do Manao dialogam, ainda, com outro personagem indígena, idealizado no romantismo nacional: Peri, protagonista do romance O Guarani (1857), de José de Alencar. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que, embora haja algumas semelhanças valorativas comprováveis entre Ajuricaba e Peri, outras qualidades os diferenciam muito.” (Adaptado de DIAZ, R. Q. Fórum Lit. Bras. Contemporânea, Rio de Janeiro, 14(28), p. 138-158, dez. 2022.)
Para o autor do artigo, “Ajuricaba” se destaca pela“Palavras são estradas. É com elas que conectamos os pontos entre o presente e um passado que não podemos mais acessar. (...) Palavras eram o presente que meu pai trazia de caminhão em minha infância. Elas ressoavam isoladas – boleia, transamazônica, carreta, rodovia, pororoca, Belém, saudades –, ou então formavam narrativas sobre um mundo que parecia grande demais. Eu tinha que imaginá-las com todas as cores, gravá-las na memória, me agarrar a elas, pois logo meu pai iria embora para voltar só dali a quarenta, cinquenta dias.” (BORTOLUCI, J. H. O que é meu. São Paulo: Fósforo, p. 10, 2023.)
No excerto apresentado, o autor explora os múltiplos sentidos dos termos
