Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder à questão com base na leitura dos textos 1, 2, 3 e 4.

TEXTO 1

Assinale a alternativa correta sobre a relação entre os textos.

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder à questão com base no texto 4.

INSTRUÇÃO: Para responder à questão, considere as afirmativas sobre a pontuação do texto 4.

I. As vírgulas da linha 02 poderiam ser substituídas por travessões sem prejuízos ao sentido e à correção do texto.

II. A utilização de uma vírgula depois de “em especial” (linha 02) e antes de “sobretudo” (linha 09) provocaria ambiguidade nos períodos.

III. A inserção de vírgulas antes e depois de “e decisivo para essas mudanças” (linhas 05 e 06) tornaria mais clara a relação de ênfase estabelecida com o segmento anterior.

IV. As vírgulas das linhas 06 e 08 poderiam ser retiradas sem prejuízo ao significado e à estrutura do período.

Estão corretas apenas as afirmativas

INSTRUÇÃO: Para responder à questão, analise o gráfico com dados referentes aos países com mais cientistas no exterior.

A partir da análise do gráfico, pode-se concluir que

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder à questão com base no texto 1.

TEXTO 1

INSTRUÇÃO: Responder à questão com base no texto 1.

TEXTO 1

Opera

Opera refers to a dramatic art form, originating in Europe, in which the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as much through music, both vocal and instrumental, as it is through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theater an actor's dramatic performance is primary, and the music plays a lesser role. The drama in opera is presented using the primary elements of theater such as scenery, costumes, and acting. However, the words of the opera, or libretto, are sung rather than spoken. The singers are accompanied by a musical ensemble ranging from a small instrumental ensemble to a full symphonic orchestra.

Disponível em: <http://www.grammarbank.com/short-reading-comprehension-passages.html> . Acesso em: novembro 2014.

Select the alternative that is TRUE, according to the text.

Read the text and choose the alternative that completes the sentences with the CORRECT passive voice.

                                       Britain’s Roman Villas

Numerous monuments recall the 400 or so years when Britain was part of the Roman Empire. Ancient city walls, old roads, front defenses. But it is at the villas that one feels closest to the everyday life of Roman Britain.

The villas were homes. In their kitchens bread 1 _________ (to bake). Along their corridors echoed family conversations. They 2 _________ well _________ (to build) and handsomely 3 _________.

The first villa 4 _________ (to build) around A.D. 80-90. It was a small farm. Later on, the house 5 _________ (to extend), kitchens and baths 6 _________ (to add).

It 7 _________ (to know) that many villas 8 _________ (to destroy) by fire. Their ruins remain hidden for years and it is often by accident that the site 9 _________ (to discover).

So in Hampshire a number of oyster-shells ¹⁰_________ (to find) by a farmer, and the shells, remnants of a long-ago feast, led to the discovery of the villa at Rockbourne.

Disponível em: <http://englishstandarts.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/passive-voice-texts-proverbs-and.html> . Acesso em: julho de 2015. 

Leia o trecho do romance Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis.

“Agora, por que é que nenhuma dessas caprichosas me fez esquecer a primeira amada do meu coração? Talvez porque nenhuma tinha os olhos de ressaca, nem os de cigana oblíqua e dissimulada. Mas não é esse propriamente o resto do livro. O resto é saber se a Capitu da praia da Glória já estava dentro da de Matacavalos, ou se esta foi mudada naquela por efeito de algum caso incidente. Jesus, filho de Sirach, se soubesse dos meus primeiros ciúmes, dir-me-ia, como no seu cap. IX, vers. 1: "Não tenhas ciúmes de tua mulher para que ela não se meta a enganar-te com a malícia que aprender de ti". Mas eu creio que não, e tu concordarás comigo; se te lembras bem da Capitu menina, hás de reconhecer que uma estava dentro da outra, como a fruta dentro da casca. E bem, qualquer que seja a solução, uma coisa fica, e é a suma das sumas, ou resto dos restos, a saber, que a minha primeira amiga e o meu maior amigo, tão extremosos ambos e tão queridos também, quis o destino que acabassem juntando-se e enganando-me... A Terra lhes seja leve! Vamos à História dos Subúrbios”.

Segundo o texto, pode-se afirmar que, após narrar sua história, Bentinho, o narrador-protagonista:

Considere o seguinte fragmento do poema que dá nome ao livro Muitas vozes, de Ferreira Gullar:

Meu poema

é um tumulto:

a fala

que nele fala

outras vozes

arrasta em alarido.

Com base nesse excerto, pode-se afirmar que:

Alfredo Bosi, em sua História concisa da literatura brasileira, diz a respeito de Inocência, de Visconde de Taunay:

“Por temperamento e cultura, o Visconde de Taunay tinha condições para dar ao regionalismo romântico a sua versão mais sóbria. Homem de pouca fantasia, muito senso de observação, formado no hábito de pesar com a inteligência as suas relações com a paisagem e o meio (era engenheiro, militar e pintor), Taunay foi capaz de enquadrar a história de Inocência (1872) em um cenário e em um conjunto de costumes sertanejos onde tudo é verossímil. Sem que o cuidado de o ser turve a atmosfera agreste e idílica que até hoje dá um renovado encanto à leitura da obra".

(BOSI, Alfredo. História concisa da literatura brasileira. 2003, p. 144 -145).

Com base no trecho acima, é possível dizer que:  

Leia as sentenças abaixo e assinale a alternativa que preencha adequadamente as lacunas.

I. Questões sobre virtude e honra são óbvias demais para ser negadas. Considere-se o debate sobre _______ seria merecedor da medalha “Coração Púrpura”. Desde 1932, o exército dos Estados Unidos outorga essa honraria a soldados feridos ou mortos pelo inimigo durante um combate. (SANDEL, M. Justiça. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2014, p. 18).

II. Indivíduos _______ recebem vacinas fazem _______ haja diminuição da circulação do agente infeccioso na comunidade. Ao diminuir o número de pessoas suscetíveis, diminui também a chance de transmissão da doença para todos. (Superinteressante, São Paulo: Abril, p. 44-45, set. 2015).

III. No mês anterior ao ataque às Torres Gêmeas do World Trade Center, em Nova York, o FBI e a CIA receberam diversos indicativos _______ algo grande estava sendo tramado, mas não conseguiram conectar as pistas e prever o atentado. (Superinteressante, São Paulo: Abril, p. 35, ago. 2015).

IV. Algumas celebrações regionais, como o Vinte de Setembro, no Rio Grande do Sul, ou o Nove de Julho, em São Paulo, exaltam confrontos históricos _______ nem todos os brasileiros conhecem, porém, _______ a população local fortemente se identifica. (GOMES, L. 1889. São Paulo: Globo, 2013. p. 17. Adaptado).

V. Recostado na confortável poltrona, Luís Bernardo via desfilar a paisagem através da janela do trem, observando como aos poucos o céu de chuva _______ deixara em Lisboa ia timidamente abrindo clareiras _______ espreitava um reconfortante sol de inverno. (TAVARES, M.S. Equador. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 20111. p. 13. Adaptado).

Leia as sentenças e assinale o que se pede a seguir:

I. Em 2014, os brasileiros, confiantes e crédulos, saíram a consumir, como se consumo fosse investimento. E o Estado agora nos convoca à pagar também suas dívidas, que não são nossas. (Veja. São Paulo: Abril, p. 23, 10 jun. 2015. Adaptado).

II. Pode-se dizer que as gerações da Idade Média falam às gerações atuais por meio das grandes obras de arquitetura que exprimem a devoção e o espírito da época. (WHITNEY, W. A vida da linguagem. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2010. p.17).

III. À linguagem é uma expressão destinada a transmissão do pensamento.

IV. O atendimento a gestantes foi suspenso ontem à tarde e a Prefeitura pouco pode fazer a curto prazo para amenizar a situação.

V. Transmita a cada um dos pacientes às instruções necessárias à continuidade do tratamento.

O sinal indicativo de crase está adequadamente empregado na(s) alternativa(s):

No texto, os parênteses contendo reticências indicam que um segmento foi eliminado. Analise as frases das alternativas para verificar qual delas contém a frase que se encaixa no texto e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

O MUNDO NAS COSTAS

Ministério do Turismo quer aumentar hospedagem nos albergues do país incentivando mochileiros

Nada de carregador de malas, hotel bacana, fartos cafés da manhã ou almoços em restaurantes de renome. A ideia é conhecer lugares e culturas diferentes de forma mais descontraída e econômica. (...) De olho nesse tipo de viajante, que em sua maioria tem entre 20 e 30 anos, o Ministério de Turismo vai apoiar uma campanha de incentivo aos mochileiros criada pela Federação Brasileira de Albergues da Juventude. A federação, por sua vez, pretende ampliar a rede de hospedagem no país para ver o número de usuários anuais pular de 100 mil para 500 mil no curto prazo. “Queremos ter estabelecimentos para esse público em todos os Estados e criar essa cultura de viagem na cabeça dos brasileiros”, afirma José Roberto de Oliveira, da Secretaria Nacional de Políticas do Turismo.

PONCE, M. H. BURIM, S. A. FLORISSI, S. Bem-vindo à língua portuguesa no mundo da comunicação. 8. ed. São Paulo: SBS, 2013. p. 173.

Leia o texto a seguir e complete as lacunas com o elemento coesivo correspondente à informação contida entre parênteses. Depois, identifique a alternativa que contenha a sequência de elementos coesivos adequados a cada lacuna.

Uma das crenças mais resistentes do pensamento que imagina a si próprio _______ (comparação) o mais moderno, democrático e popular do Brasil é a lenda da inocência dos criminosos pobres. Por essa maneira de ver as coisas, um crime não é um crime _______(condição) o autor nasceu no lado errado da vida, cresceu dentro da miséria e não conheceu os suportes básicos de uma família regular, de uma escola capaz de tirá-lo da ignorância e do convívio com gente de bem. _______(conformidade) as fábulas sociais atualmente em vigência, pessoas assim não tiveram a oportunidade de ser cidadãos decentes – e _______ (conclusão) ficam dispensadas de ser cidadãos decentes. Ninguém as ajudou; ninguém lhes deu o que faltou em sua vida. Como compensação por esse azar, devem ser autorizadas a cometer delitos – ou, no mínimo, considera-se que não é justo responsabilizá-las pelos atos que praticaram, por piores que sejam. Na verdade, _______ (conformidade) a teoria socialmente virtuosa, não existem criminosos neste país _______ (tempo) se trata de roubo, latrocínio, sequestro _______ (adição) outras ações de violência extrema – _______ (condição) tenham sido cometidos por cidadãos com patrimônio e renda superiores a determinado nível. E de quem seria, nos demais casos, a responsabilidade? Essa é fácil: “a culpa é da sociedade”.

(GUZZO, J. R. Questão de classe. Veja, São Paulo, n. 22, p.98, 3 jun. 2015)

A parte final do texto a seguir foi retirada, como indicado pelas reticências. Analise as frases que seguem e marque a alternativa que apresenta o desfecho mais coerente para o final do texto.

Presidente ou presidenta?

Se quisesse seguir a lei com um rigor, digamos, ortodoxo para seus hábitos, o brasileiro teria de oficialmente referir-se a Dilma Rousseff como "presidenta". Sim, a Lei Federal 2.749, de 1956, do senador Mozart Lago (1889-1974), determina o uso oficial da forma feminina para designar cargos públicos ocupados por mulheres. Era letra morta. Até o país escolher sua primeira mulher à Presidência da República. Criada num pós-guerra em que os países incorporaram direitos em resposta a movimentos sociais, a lei condiciona o uso flexionado ao que for admitido pela gramática. O que daria vez à forma "presidente". O problema é que não há consenso linguístico que justifique opção contrária à lei. Em novembro, muitos professores, gramáticos e dicionaristas se apressaram em dizer que tanto "a presidente" como "presidenta" são legítimas. (...)

Disponível em: <http://revistalingua.com.br/textos/62/presidente-ou-presidenta-248988-1.asp> . Acesso em: maio 2015.

I. Mas número equivalente tomou "presidenta" como neologismo avesso ao sistema da língua.

II. Mas o termo “presidenta” tornou-se completamente aceito na língua.

III. Mas número equivalente tomou “presidenta” como o neologismo mais aceito no sistema da língua.

TEXT

    A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process.

    Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.

    Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said.

    Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in.

    Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job.

    In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.

    “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week.

    Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge.

    The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people.

    In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.”

    Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said.

    Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.

    Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.

    The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.

    “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.”

    For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills.

From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02

TEXT

    A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process.

    Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.

    Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said.

    Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in.

    Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job.

    In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.

    “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week.

    Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge.

    The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people.

    In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.”

    Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said.

    Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.

    Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.

    The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.

    “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.”

    For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills.

From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02

TEXT

    A library tradition is being refashioned to emphasize early literacy and better prepare young children for school, and drawing many new fans in the process.

    Among parents of the under-5 set, spots for story time have become as coveted as seats for a hot Broadway show like “Hamilton.” Lines stretch down the block at some branches, with tickets given out on a first-come-first-served basis because there is not enough room to accommodate all of the children who show up.

    Workers at the 67th Street Library on the Upper East Side of Manhattan turn away at least 10 people from every reading. They have been so overwhelmed by the rush at story time — held in the branch’s largest room, on the third floor — that once the space is full, they close the door and shut down the elevator. “It is so crowded and so popular, it’s insane,” Jacqueline Schector, a librarian, said.

    Story time is drawing capacity crowds at public libraries across New York and across the country at a time when, more than ever, educators are emphasizing the importance of early literacy in preparing children for school and for developing critical thinking skills. The demand crosses economic lines, with parents at all income levels vying to get in.

    Many libraries have refashioned the traditional readings to include enrichment activities such as counting numbers and naming colors, as well as music and dance. And many parents have made story time a fixture in their family routines alongside school pickups and playground outings — and, for those who employ nannies, a nonnegotiable requirement of the job.

    In New York, demand for story time has surged across the city’s three library systems — the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Library — and has posed logistical challenges for some branches, particularly those in small or cramped buildings. Citywide, story time attendance rose to 510,367 people in fiscal year 2015, up nearly 28 percent from 399,751 in fiscal 2013.

    “The secret’s out,” said Lucy Yates, 44, an opera coach with two sons who goes to story time at the Fort Washington Library every week.

    Stroller-pushing parents and nannies begin to line up for story time outside some branches an hour before doors open. To prevent overcrowding, tickets are given out at the New Amsterdam and Webster branches, both in Manhattan, the Parkchester branch in the Bronx, and a half-dozen branches in Brooklyn, including in Park Slope, Kensington and Bay Ridge.

    The 67th Street branch keeps adding story times — there are now six a week — and holds sessions outdoors in the summer, when crowds can swell to 200 people.

    In Queens, 41 library branches are scheduled to add weekend hours this month, and many will undoubtedly include weekend story times. As Joanne King, a spokeswoman for the library explained, parents have been begging for them and “every story time is full, every time we have one.”

    Long a library staple, story time has typically been an informal reading to a small group of boys and girls sitting in a circle. Today’s story times involve carefully planned lessons by specially trained librarians that emphasize education as much as entertainment, and often include suggestions for parents and caregivers about how to reinforce what children have learned, library officials said.

    Libraries around the country have expanded story time and other children’s programs in recent years, attracting a new generation of patrons in an age when online offerings sometimes make trips to the book stacks unnecessary. Sari Feldman, president of the American Library Association, said such early-literacy efforts are part of a larger transformation libraries are undergoing to become active learning centers for their communities by offering services like classes in English as a second language, computer skills and career counseling.

    Ms. Feldman said the increased demand for story time was a product, in part, of more than a decade of work by the library association and others to encourage libraries to play a larger role in preparing young children for school. In 2004, as part of that effort, the association developed a curriculum, “Every Child Ready to Read,” that she said is now used by thousands of libraries.

    The New York Public Library is adding 45 children’s librarians to support story time and other programs, some of which are run in partnership with the city government. It has also designated 20 of its 88 neighborhood branches, including the Fort Washington Library, as “enhanced literary sites.” As such, they will double their story time sessions, to an average of four a week, and distribute 15,000 “family literacy kits” that include a book and a schedule of story times.

    “It is clear that reading and being exposed to books early in life are critical factors in student success,” Anthony W. Marx, president of the New York Public Library, said. “The library is playing an increasingly important role in strengthening early literacy in this city, expanding efforts to bring reading to children and their families through quality, free story times, curated literacy programs, after-school programs and more.”

    For its part, the Queens Library plans to expand a “Kick Off to Kindergarten” program that attracted more than 180 families for a series of workshops last year. Library officials said that more than three-quarters of the children who enrolled, many of whom spoke a language other than English at home, developed measurable classroom skills.

From: www.nytimes.com/2015/11/02