Questões de Inglês do ENEM

One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.

It is even possible for entire ecosystems to be affected. In lakes, for example, zooplankton may stop feeding on algae if nighttime lighting is too strong. The result is excessive algae growth that eventually decomposes and causes an increase in bacterial activity. This leads to oxygen depletion in the lake, and many species of invertebrates and fish then die by asphyxiation. In astronomy, light pollution is a real and pressing problem. It diminishes the contrast between the dark sky and celestial sources of light, which makes it harder to see the stars. For professional astronomers, artificial light is undesirable because it interferes with the collection of data. This is why new observatories are built in isolated regions.

Programs to reduce light pollution have been started up by several astronomical centres across Canada, including ASTROLab and the Mont-Mégantic Observatory, the David Dunlap Observatory in Toronto. A number of amateur astronomy associations are also involved in protecting our endangered legacy, the starry night sky. The focus of light pollution abatement programs is to change the habits of the general population, companies and urban planners so that less artificial light will be wasted or misdirected.

Source: http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a3800.html

Analisando o texto, pode-se afirmar que a única alternativa correta relacionada ao tema é:

One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.

It is even possible for entire ecosystems to be affected. In lakes, for example, zooplankton may stop feeding on algae if nighttime lighting is too strong. The result is excessive algae growth that eventually decomposes and causes an increase in bacterial activity. This leads to oxygen depletion in the lake, and many species of invertebrates and fish then die by asphyxiation. In astronomy, light pollution is a real and pressing problem. It diminishes the contrast between the dark sky and celestial sources of light, which makes it harder to see the stars. For professional astronomers, artificial light is undesirable because it interferes with the collection of data. This is why new observatories are built in isolated regions.

Programs to reduce light pollution have been started up by several astronomical centres across Canada, including ASTROLab and the Mont-Mégantic Observatory, the David Dunlap Observatory in Toronto. A number of amateur astronomy associations are also involved in protecting our endangered legacy, the starry night sky. The focus of light pollution abatement programs is to change the habits of the general population, companies and urban planners so that less artificial light will be wasted or misdirected.

Source: http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a3800.html

Qual é a única alternativa mencionada, no texto, como um dos efeitos negativos do excesso de luz artificial no planeta?

One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.

It is even possible for entire ecosystems to be affected. In lakes, for example, zooplankton may stop feeding on algae if nighttime lighting is too strong. The result is excessive algae growth that eventually decomposes and causes an increase in bacterial activity. This leads to oxygen depletion in the lake, and many species of invertebrates and fish then die by asphyxiation. In astronomy, light pollution is a real and pressing problem. It diminishes the contrast between the dark sky and celestial sources of light, which makes it harder to see the stars. For professional astronomers, artificial light is undesirable because it interferes with the collection of data. This is why new observatories are built in isolated regions.

Programs to reduce light pollution have been started up by several astronomical centres across Canada, including ASTROLab and the Mont-Mégantic Observatory, the David Dunlap Observatory in Toronto. A number of amateur astronomy associations are also involved in protecting our endangered legacy, the starry night sky. The focus of light pollution abatement programs is to change the habits of the general population, companies and urban planners so that less artificial light will be wasted or misdirected.

Source: http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a3800.html

Com referência ao texto, pode-se concluir que a única opção correta relacionada ao tema é:

One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.

It is even possible for entire ecosystems to be affected. In lakes, for example, zooplankton may stop feeding on algae if nighttime lighting is too strong. The result is excessive algae growth that eventually decomposes and causes an increase in bacterial activity. This leads to oxygen depletion in the lake, and many species of invertebrates and fish then die by asphyxiation. In astronomy, light pollution is a real and pressing problem. It diminishes the contrast between the dark sky and celestial sources of light, which makes it harder to see the stars. For professional astronomers, artificial light is undesirable because it interferes with the collection of data. This is why new observatories are built in isolated regions.

Programs to reduce light pollution have been started up by several astronomical centres across Canada, including ASTROLab and the Mont-Mégantic Observatory, the David Dunlap Observatory in Toronto. A number of amateur astronomy associations are also involved in protecting our endangered legacy, the starry night sky. The focus of light pollution abatement programs is to change the habits of the general population, companies and urban planners so that less artificial light will be wasted or misdirected.

Source: http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a3800.html

Tendo como base medidas de combate à poluição, pode-se afirmar que a única alternativa que corresponde integralmente à ideia do texto é:

Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change, competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample, but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development. The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.

Source: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/research_impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_1/index.aspx 

Com referência ao texto, pode-se concluir que a única opção correta relacionada ao tema é:

Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change, competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample, but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development. The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.

Source: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/research_impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_1/index.aspx 

Analisando o texto, pode-se afirmar que a única alternativa correta relacionada ao tema é:

Em relação à banda larga, todos os cidadãos estadunidenses devem ter

O termo “banda larga” é usado no texto para referir-se a

As políticas regulatórias mencionadas no texto têm por função

Segundo o texto, o serviço de banda larga em áreas remotas pode

Em relação às mulheres, o livro de Katty Kay discute

A pesquisa realizada pelas autoras mostrou que

A conclusão da autora em relação ao momento atual é que as mulheres podem

O Correio da UNESCO publicou o texto de Ruth Benedict

Ao ler o artigo de Ruth Benedict, a autora francesa

Para Ruth Benedict, a Cultura é um processo de aprendizagem em que

All things bright and beautiful,

All creatures great and small,

All things wise and wonderful,

The Lord God made them all.

Each little flower that opens,

Each little bird that sings,

He made their glowing colours,

He made their tiny wings.

He gave us eyes to see them,

And lips that we might tell,

How great is God Almighty,

Who has made all things well.

by Cecil F. Alexander

Text A speaks of

All things bright and beautiful,

All creatures great and small,

All things wise and wonderful,

The Lord God made them all.

Each little flower that opens,

Each little bird that sings,

He made their glowing colours,

He made their tiny wings.

He gave us eyes to see them,

And lips that we might tell,

How great is God Almighty,

Who has made all things well.

by Cecil F. Alexander

Which of the following groups of words from text A only refers to size:

TEXT B

    Retrieve a discarded water bottle. Tear off the label and fill it with any water that’s not too murky from a creek, standpipe or a puddle. Place the bottle on a piece of metal in full sun. In six hours the UVA radiation will kill viruses, bacteria and parasites in the water, making it safe to drink.

    SODIS, the acronym for this Swiss - pioneered water - disinfection program, is now being used all over the world to provide drinking water for some four million people. “It’s simple, it’s free, and it’s effective,” says Ibelatha Mhelela, principal of the Ndolela Primary School in Tanzania. In 2006 her school started using SODIS to disinfect its contaminated tap water, placing bottles on the building’s corrugated metal roof. The result? Absenteeism due to diarrhea has dropped considerably, and examination scores soared. “Before we started SODIS, only ten to fifteen percent of the children passed the national sixth grade exams,” says Mhelela, “Now ninety to ninety - five percent of the students pass.”

The meaning of the word “murky” in the second sentence of text B is: