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Questões de Inglês do ENEM

Questões de Inglês, da área de Linguagens, com gabarito em cada página.

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    TEXTO 7

                                          Ao mar

        Choveu dias e depois amanheceu. Joel chegou à janela e olhou o quintal: estava tudo inundado! Joel vestiu-se rapidamente, disse adeus à mãe, embarcou numa tábua e pôs-se a remar. Hasteou no mastro uma bandeira com a estrela de David... 

         O barco navegava mansamente. As noites se sucediam, estreladas. No cesto de gávea Joel vigiava e pensava em todos os esplêndidos aventureiros: Krishna, o faquir que ficou cento e dez dias comendo cascas de ovo; Mac-Dougal, o inglês que escalou o Itatiaia com uma das mãos amarradas às costas; Fred, que foi lançado num barril ao golfo do México e recolhido um ano depois na ilha da Pintada. Moma, irmão de sangue de um chefe comanche; Demócrito que dançava charleston sobre fios de alta tensão... 

        — A la mar! A la mar! – gritava Joel entoando cânticos ancestrais. Despertando pela manhã, alimentava-se de peixes exóticos; escrevia no diário de bordo e ficava a contemplar as ilhas. Os nativos viam-no passar – um ser taciturno, distante, nas águas, distante do céu. Certa vez – uma tempestade! Durou sete horas. Mas não o venceu, não o venceu! 

         E os monstros? Que dizer deles, se nunca ninguém os viu? 

         Joel remava afanosamente; às vezes, parava só para comer e escrever no diário de bordo. Um dia, disse em voz alta: "Mar, animal rumorejante!" Achou bonita esta frase; até anotou no diário. Depois, nunca mais falou. 

         À noite, Joel sonhava com barcos e mares, e ares e céus, e ventos e prantos, e rostos escuros, monstros soturnos. Que dizer destes monstros, se nunca ninguém os viu? 

         — Joel, vem almoçar! – gritava a mãe. Joel viajava ao largo; perto da África. 

    (SCLIAR, Moacyr. Melhores contos. Seleção de Regina Zilbermann. São Paulo: Global, 2003. p. 105/106.)


    In Text 7 we can see a repetition of the sentence “ninguém nunca os viu.” By translating it to English mark the sentence which is grammatically correct:
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension Text 2 reflects.

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    Why Everyone Should Read Harry Potter
    September 9, 2014

    Harry Potter is the best selling book series of all time. But it’s had its reproaches. Various Christian groups claimed the books promoted paganism and witchcraft to children. Washington Post book critic Ron Charles called the fact that adults were also hooked on Potter a "bad case of cultural infantilism.” Charles and others also cited a certain artistic banality in massively commercial story-telling, while others criticized Hogwarts, the wizardry academy attended by Potter, for only rewarding innate talents.
    The Anglo-American writer Christopher Hitchens, on the other hand, praised J. K. Rowling for freeing English children’s literature from dreams of riches and class and snobbery and giving us a world of youthful democracy and diversity. A growing body of evidence suggests that reading Rowling’s work, at least as a youth, might be a good thing.
    (Adaptado de http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-everyone-shouldread-harry-potter/. Acessado em 02/09/2016.)

    A leitura do excerto permite concluir adequadamente que:
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICAMP 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    Depreende-se das informações da figura que

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    Roman documents discovered
    We often think that the best information from the Roman world comes from Egypt, where the dryness preserves papyri. However, in Britain the reverse conditions occur. At Vindolanda – a Roman fort located two miles behind Hadrian’s Wall – the humidity preserved wooden writing tablets that were thrown into a bonfire when the fort was evacuated in CE 105.
    These wooden tablets were one of the most important discoveries made in Roman Britain in the 20th century.
    They were used not for grand writings but for memoranda and accounts, so they provide the best insight into life in the Roman army found anywhere in the world. One of the tablets says:
    Octavius to Candidus: “I need money. I have bought 5,000 bushels of grain, and unless you send me some money, I shall lose my deposit and be embarrassed”.
    (Adaptado de http://www.archaeology.co.uk/specials/the-timeline-ofbritain/vindolanda-2.htm. Acessado em 28/08/2016.)

    Os documentos descobertos em Vindolanda
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    TEXTO 8

    CAPÍTULO XVIII

    Rubião e o cachorro, entrando em casa, sentiram, ouviram a pessoa e as vozes do finado amigo. Enquanto o cachorro farejava por toda a parte, Rubião foi sentar-se na cadeira, onde estivera quando Quincas Borba referiu a morte da avó com explicações científicas. A memória dele recompôs, ainda que de embrulho e esgarçadamente, os argumentos do filósofo. Pela primeira vez, atentou bem na alegoria das tribos famintas e compreendeu a conclusão: “Ao vencedor, as batatas!”. Ouviu distintamente a voz roufenha do finado expor a situação das tribos, a luta e a razão da luta, o extermínio de uma e a vitória da outra, e murmurou baixinho:

    — Ao vencedor, as batatas! 

         Tão simples! tão claro! Olhou para as calças de brim surrado e o rodaque cerzido, e notou que até há pouco fora, por assim dizer, um exterminado, uma bolha; mas que ora não, era um vencedor. Não havia dúvida; as batatas fizeram-se para a tribo que elimina a outra a fim de transpor a montanha e ir às batatas do outro lado. Justamente o seu caso. Ia descer de Barbacena para arrancar e comer as batatas da capital. Cumpria-lhe ser duro e implacável, era poderoso e forte. E levantando-se de golpe, alvoroçado, ergueu os braços exclamando: 

    — Ao vencedor, as batatas!

          Gostava da fórmula, achava-a engenhosa, compendiosa e eloquente, além de verdadeira e profunda. Ideou as batatas em suas várias formas, classificou-as pelo sabor, pelo aspecto, pelo poder nutritivo, fartou- -se antemão do banquete da vida. Era tempo de acabar com as raízes pobres e secas, que apenas enganavam o estômago, triste comida de longos anos; agora o farto, o sólido, o perpétuo, comer até morrer, e morrer em colchas de seda, que é melhor que trapos. E voltava à afirmação de ser duro e implacável, e à fórmula da alegoria. Chegou a compor de cabeça um sinete para seu uso, com este lema: AO VENCEDOR AS BATATAS. 

        Esqueceu o projeto do sinete; mas a fórmula viveu no espírito de Rubião, por alguns dias: — Ao vencedor as batatas! Não a compreenderia antes do testamento; ao contrário, vimos que a achou obscura e sem explicação. Tão certo é que a paisagem depende do ponto de vista, e que o melhor modo de apreciar o chicote é ter-lhe o cabo na mão.

    (ASSIS, Machado de. Quincas Borba. São Paulo: Ática, 2011. p. 38-39.)

        In Text 8, the expression “Ao vencedor as batatas" is similar in meaning to the English expression “To the victor belong the spoils". Published originally only four years after the official end of slavery in Brazil, when we consider the last part of the excerpt from Quincas Borba, “Tão certo é que a paisagem depende do ponto de vista, e que o melhor modo de apreciar o chicote é ter-lhe o cabo na mão", we note a sociopolitical undertone to the text.

        Reflecting upon the idea that we understand literature through society, and society through its literature, which of the texts below gives us a similar window on the historical moment of slavery throughout the Americas?

    I - “There was much activity in the year – men unhitching horses, curious children scurrying about, Romero assigning quarters to the new slaves [...] Never known for patience, Romero snatched his whip and swung it overhead. But his hand froze in midair, the whip swinging impotently in the morning breeze" (Llanos-Figueroa, Dahlma. Daughters of the stone. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2009. p. 6.).

    II - “They unhitched from schoolteacher's horse the borrowed mule that was to carry the fugitive woman back to where she belonged, and tied it to the fence […] All testimony to the results of a little so-called freedom imposed on people who needed every care and guidance in the world to keep them from the cannibal life they preferred" (Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Vintage Books, 1987. p. 177.).

    III - “What fueled those who were leaving was less fear of communism, which Fidel had only hinted at at that point, or shortages of any kind, because the U.S. embargo was still a distant concern, but the persistent rumors of invasions and imminent combat that were sweeping Havana" (Obejas, Achy. Days of awe. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001. p. 6.). 

    Choose from the following options:


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    How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
    David Keys
    Monday, 3 March 2014
        The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.
        It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
        The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
        “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.
    (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
    De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, grandes civilizações da Antiguidade
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    How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
    David Keys
    Monday, 3 March 2014
        The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.
        It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
        The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
        “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.
    (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
    In the excerpt from the second paragraph –– It’s now thought likely that the droughts –, the word likely can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by
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    How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
    David Keys
    Monday, 3 March 2014
        The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.
        It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
        The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
        “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.
    (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
    O segundo parágrafo afirma que as civilizações estudadas
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    How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
    David Keys
    Monday, 3 March 2014
        The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.
        It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
        The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
        “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.
    (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
    A palavra megacities na frase do terceiro parágrafo – The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. – aparece entre aspas para indicar que
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    How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations
    David Keys
    Monday, 3 March 2014
        The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.
        It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
        The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.
        “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.
    (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)
    The sentence fragment from the last paragraph – living in large groups became untenable – implies that
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    INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 31 a 35 referem-se ao
    texto seguinte.

    Figura 1 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2007, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2007, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 3 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2007, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    A única maneira prática de evitar a disseminação do vírus da dengue é por meio de
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    Read the Text 1 and answer the question.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Formação de palavras (prefixos e sufixos) | Word formation (prefix and suffix)

    The word “they” (line 4) refers to:
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    Read the Text 1 and answer the question.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The text says that:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6f9b6017-b0
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    Read the Text 1 and answer the question.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    “…it gives them a feeling of accomplishment…” (lines 12 and 13) means that:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6fa0d20b-b0
    Abrir questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010
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    Read the Text 1 and answer the question.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Presente perfeito | Present perfect

    The correct verb tense used in the sentence “… others have been bitten by the travel bug…” (lines 2 and 3) is:
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    Read Text 2 and answer the question.

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The correct synonyms of the following words: “stout” (line 3), “lusty” (line 3), “sour” (line 7), “lasses” (line 11) and “yeomen” (line 11) are respectively:
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    To live the longest and healthiest life possible, get smarter. Institutefor Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) data show that past a certain threshold, health and wealth are just weakly correlated. However, overall health is closely tied to how many years people spend in school. Mexico, for instance, has a fifth the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States, but, for women, more than 50 percent ofthe latter's schooling.In line with the trend, Mexico's female adult mortality rate is only narrowly higher. Vietnam and Yemen have roughly equivalent per capita GDP. Yet Vietnamese women average 6.3 more years in school and are half as likely to die between the ages of 15 and 60. "Economic growth is also significantly associated with child mortality reductions, but the magnitude of the association is much smaller than that of increased education," comments Emmanuela Gakidou, IHME's director of education and training. "One year of schooling gives you about 10 percent lower mortality rates, whereas with a 10 percent increase in GDP, your mortality rate would go down only by 1 to 2 percent."
    No texto, ao se comparar o México aos Estados Unidos, afirma-se que, no México,
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    Read Text 2 and answer the question.

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UDESC 2010, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    It is correct to say that:
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