Questões de Inglês do ENEM

Leia-o atentamente e escolha a alternativa que melhor expressa as ideias nele contidas.

By Cartoon Brew Connect | 12/11/2015 5:27 pm | 0

An extraordinary feature from award-winning Brazilian director, Alê Abreu, Boy and the World looks, thinks, and feels like no other animated film you’ll see this year.

An urgent critique of industrialization, urbanization, and consumption, Boy and the World is a morally complex fable set in a wonderland so imaginative and intricate that you’ll be tempted to pause at every frame. But Abreu’s kaleidoscopic visuals — a dizzying mix of hand-drawn animation and cut-out collage — are only one dimension of his film’s sensory experience. Its lush sonic landscape, ranging from Brazilian samba to hip hop, propels your ears, as well as your eyes, deep into the multicolored fantasy of Abreu’s second feature film.

Considere o trecho “[...] propels your ears, as well as your eyes, deep into the multicolored fantasy of Abreu’s second feature film[...]” e assinale a alternativa que apresenta sentido equivalente para a expressão destacada.

If you don’t like your job, you are not alone. According to a massive report released yesterday by Gallup, the Washington, D.C. - based polling organization, there are twice as many “actively disengaged” workers in the world as there are “engaged” workers who love their jobs.

Since the late 1990s, Gallup has been measuring international employee satisfaction through a survey it has been honing over the years. In total it has polled 25 million employees in 189 different countries. The latest version, released this week, gathered information from 230,000 full-time and part-time workers in 142 countries.

Overall, Gallup found that only 13% of workers feel engaged by their jobs. That means they feel a sense of passion for their work, a deep connection to their employement and they spend their days driving innovation and moving their company forward. The vast majority, some 63%, are “not engaged”, meaning they are unhappy but not drastically so. In short, they’re checked out. They sleepwalk through their days, putting little energy into their work.

A full 24% are what Gallup calls “actively disengaged”, meaning they pretty much hate their jobs. They act out and undermine what their coworkers accomplish.

Fonte: Forbes Magazine. Disponível em: http://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2013/10/10/unhappy-employees-outnumber-happy-ones-by-two-to-oneworldwide/#60bdb6272f29. Acesso em: 28/set/ 2016 (adaptação).

O texto informa o leitor que:

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     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.

     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 

. In the text the author expresses his opinion that

Read the text to answer question.

     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.

     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 

In the fragment from the second paragraph “so we’re of the opinion that”, the underlined word refers to

Read the text to answer question.

     The image depicts a nearly naked man amid a vast area of rainforest, spear pointed at the helicopter hovering above him – a man defending his territory and people from outside influence. This very scene made front-page news some years ago in the UK. It instantly highlighted the loss of ancestral homelands some tribal communities round the world face.

     Bad news has a way of dominating the headlines, so we're of the opinion that all indigenous communities and their culture are in decline – and that's not true. But the allure of propagating the "disappearing tribe" narrative is strong. It’s frustrating to see journalists who go on assignment with a set story in mind and then seek out quotes, experiences or interviews to fit their predetermined angle.

(Jonny Bealby. www.newsweek.com, 27.08.2019. Adapted.) 

In the context of the second paragraph, the expression “the allure of” means

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The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)

In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

Read the text to answer question.

The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)

According to the text,

Read the text to answer question.

The aliens among us

     Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers, the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2 shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which annihilated many of the original inhabitants.

(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)

In the fragment “epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by

Read the text to answer question.

         It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.

     The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)

The expressions from the first paragraph “could have been” and “would have had” help understand that, as to exclusively virtual instruction in U.S. universities and colleges,

Read the text to answer question.

         It wasn’t the first attempt to deter foreign students, but it could have been the most disruptive. The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency sought to bar visas for international students at colleges that offer only virtual instruction. Students on existing visas would have had to transfer to a school that offers at least some in-person teaching if they wanted to remain in the U.S.

     The policy swiftly brought together a broad coalition of colleges, states and businesses that opposed it. “The overwhelming negative reaction to this proposal in a very short period of time shows that the administration really struck a nerve with this,” says Terry Hartle, from the American Council on Education. “It’s unprecedented for that many colleges and universities to file suit against the federal government.”

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)

The expression from the second paragraph “struck a nerve” means, in the context:

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     We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of circumstances. Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models.

(Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)

One problem concerning supply chains after the outbreak of Covid-19 relates to

Read the text to answer question.

     We are at the beginning of a long road to rethinking and rebuilding supply chain models to encompass not just financial priorities but also business operations continuity in the most trying of circumstances. Executives from France and Italy, for example, are discussing ways to remake their businesses in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Their specialty is supply chains. They are smart people at the core of the world’s most sophisticated and valuable systems of manufacture, shipment, and inventory, and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months – the byproduct of reliance on old business models.

(Antonio Gulli. www.forbes.com, 28.07.2020. Adapted.)

In the fragment “and yet many of their supply systems staggered in the past few months”, the underlined word introduces a

Read the text and the graphs.

Bypassed by the rescue

In a pandemic that’s wreaked widespread economic havoc, Cleveland has been among the hardesthit cities in the U.S. And at a time when the U.S. is engaged in another conversation about its foundational racial inequalities, not much of Washington’ $2 trillion has reached Cleveland’s predominantly Black neighborhoods.

(Bloomberg Businessweek, 20.07.2020. Adapted.)

By comparing the text and the graphs it is possible to state that

The American embassy escaped the blast in Beirut’s port unscathed. Many Western countries either have missions in the city centre or diplomats who live in the area. The wife of the Dutch ambassador was killed, as was a German diplomat. But America’s embassy sits in the mountain village of Awkar, five miles from the port. Security measures are onerous, a hangover from the bombing of the American embassy in Beirut in 1983, which killed 63 people. It took a week before the ambassador, Dorothy Shea, a career diplomat, toured the port. Even on social media it has been far quieter than other foreign powers.

(www.economist.com, 13.08.2020. Adapted.)

The descriptions in the paragraph

(nytimes.com)

Shimmering white and gracefully statuesque, the Mount Washington Hotel is a granite fortress, a manmade anomaly among the raw wilderness of the surrounding White Mountains in remote northern New Hampshire, U.S. Even to this day, the hotel is geographically secured by 800,000 acres of the White Mountain National Forest around it. This was the main reason why the Hotel was chosen for a World War Two meeting – a meeting that shaped present-day global economic policies.

(Linda Laban. www.bbc.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)

The term “this”, which introduces the last sentence in the text, refers to the fact that the Mount Washington Hotel

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     The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.

     Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)

The text states that

Read the text to answer question.

     The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint is simple, but widely misunderstood: Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology (I = PAT). The global rate of consumption growth, before the pandemic, was 3% a year. Population growth is 1%. Some people assume this means that the rise in population bears one-third of the responsibility for increased consumption. But population growth is overwhelmingly concentrated among the world’s poorest people, who have scarcely any A or T to multiply their P.

     Yet it is widely used as a blanket explanation of environment breakdown. Panic about population growth enables the people most responsible for the impacts of rising consumption (the affluent) to blame those who are least responsible.

(George Monbiot. www.theguardian.com, 26.08.2020. Adapted.)

The formula for calculating people’s environmental footprint