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Questões de Inglês do ENEM

Questões de Inglês, da área de Linguagens, com gabarito em cada página.

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension






        Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.
        But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.
        The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.
        The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.
        The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.
        Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.


    New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
    Sobre os receptores gustativos e sua distribuição corporal, o texto sugere que
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93ac2500-23
    Abrir questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2016, Sinônimos | Synonyms

    Based on the meanings expressed in the text, it is correct to affirm that
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93ae4c17-f9
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension






        Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.
        But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.
        The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.
        The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.
        The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.
        Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.


    New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
    O texto informa que, de acordo com Paul Breslin, a interpretação do estudo de Hanig foi equivocada, porque
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93aed519-23
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2016, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Based on the tone of the text, which of the following options best describes the author’s attitude towards fossil fuel use?
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    Inglês

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        During the nineteen-seventies and eighties, a researcher at the University of Washington started noticing something strange in the college’s experimental forest. For years, a blight of caterpillars had been munching the trees to death. Then, suddenly, the caterpillars themselves started dying off. The forest was able to recover. But what had happened to the caterpillars? The researcher, David Rhoades, who had a background in chemistry and zoology, found that the trees in the forest had changed the chemistry of their leaves, to the detriment of the caterpillars. Even more surprising, trees that had been nibbled by caterpillars weren’t the only ones that had changed their chemistry. Some were changing their leaves before caterpillars reached them, as if they’d received a warning. A shocking possibility presented itself: the trees were signalling to one another.
        Zoë Schlanger recounts Rhoades’s story in her new book, “The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth.”
        The contemporary world of botany that Schlanger explores in “The Light Eaters” is still divided over the matter of how plants sense the world and whether they can be said to communicate. But, in the past twenty years, the idea that plants communicate has gained broader acceptance. Research in recent decades has shown garden-variety lima beans protecting themselves by synthesizing and releasing chemicals to summon the predators of the insects that eat them; lab-grown pea shoots navigating mazes and responding to the sound of running water; and a chameleonic vine in the jungles of Chile mimicking the shape and color of nearby plants by a mechanism that’s not yet understood.
        Schlanger acknowledges that some of the research yields as many questions as answers. It’s not clear how the vine gathers information about surrounding plants to perform its mimicry.


    New Yorker. 12 June 2024. Adaptado.
    Conforme o texto, a experiência conduzida por David Rhoades, na floresta experimental da Universidade de Washington, tornou-se marcante para a botânica, por revelar a
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    Inglês

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        During the nineteen-seventies and eighties, a researcher at the University of Washington started noticing something strange in the college’s experimental forest. For years, a blight of caterpillars had been munching the trees to death. Then, suddenly, the caterpillars themselves started dying off. The forest was able to recover. But what had happened to the caterpillars? The researcher, David Rhoades, who had a background in chemistry and zoology, found that the trees in the forest had changed the chemistry of their leaves, to the detriment of the caterpillars. Even more surprising, trees that had been nibbled by caterpillars weren’t the only ones that had changed their chemistry. Some were changing their leaves before caterpillars reached them, as if they’d received a warning. A shocking possibility presented itself: the trees were signalling to one another.
        Zoë Schlanger recounts Rhoades’s story in her new book, “The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth.”
        The contemporary world of botany that Schlanger explores in “The Light Eaters” is still divided over the matter of how plants sense the world and whether they can be said to communicate. But, in the past twenty years, the idea that plants communicate has gained broader acceptance. Research in recent decades has shown garden-variety lima beans protecting themselves by synthesizing and releasing chemicals to summon the predators of the insects that eat them; lab-grown pea shoots navigating mazes and responding to the sound of running water; and a chameleonic vine in the jungles of Chile mimicking the shape and color of nearby plants by a mechanism that’s not yet understood.
        Schlanger acknowledges that some of the research yields as many questions as answers. It’s not clear how the vine gathers information about surrounding plants to perform its mimicry.


    New Yorker. 12 June 2024. Adaptado.
    O caso da vinha chilena apresentado no texto suscita questionamentos científicos quanto
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    Inglês

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            Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

           One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.


    (www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

    O tema central do texto é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93cf4f46-db
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    Inglês

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            Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

           One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.


    (www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

    Considere o trecho do segundo parágrafo “Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably”. O termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido em:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93d31d46-db
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    Inglês

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            Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

           One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.


    (www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende- -se que a expressão “mental clutter”, empregada no segundo parágrafo do texto, significa

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            At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.


    (Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)

    The dining area of the restaurant is described as
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    Inglês

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            At Hwaban, Mihyun Han with her husband, Key Kim, will present their take on Korean fare, traditional and personalized with modern touches. The serene, neutral-toned dining room with pale brick walls, accented by dark furniture, is the setting for their varied menu. Some of the small plates to start are shrimp or scallop, an organic egg with king crab in a pine nut sauce, and pan-seared zucchini with shrimp in a soy sauce. More substantial dishes include poached lemon sole with vegetables, chicken with root vegetables, and grilled New York strip steak with Korean mountain greens and mustard dressing. Classics like bibimbap, kimchi stew with pork belly, and galbi (short ribs) are also served, and there is a set array of dishes called Hwaban Table. The name of the restaurant means “as beautiful as a flower,” and there are floral elements in the dining room and on some plates.


    (Florence Fabricant. www.nytimes.com, 14.08.2018. Adaptado.)

    According to the text, the name Hwaban stands for
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93dde924-db
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    Figura 1 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 3 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 4 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 5 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    When referring to the diverse text genres used in internet communication, David Crystal states that they
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: As questões de números 40 a 45 referem-se ao texto seguinte.

    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UNIFESP 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    One of the fields that offer good employment opportunities is
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FAME 2014, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    According to the text, studies reveal that, as far as some common cardiovascular ailments are concerned,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 941f6013-e8
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, FATEC 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, FATEC 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    De acordo com o texto,
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FAME 2014, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Trials evaluated by researchers DON’T test the effect on mortality in the prevention of
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    Figura 1 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 3 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 4 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 5 de 5 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    As to the relation between the advances of brainwaves scanning, also called brain imaging, and the understanding of language processing, Crystal thinks that
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    Are Twitter and Facebook Affecting How We Think?


    Is constant use of electronic gadgets reshaping our

    brains and making our thinking shallower?


    By Neil Tweedie

    How many times do you click on your email icon in a day? Or look at Facebook, or Twitter? And how many times when reading on the internet do you click on a link navigating away from the text that was the original object of your enquiry? The web, it seems, is like an electronic sweet shop, forever tempting us in different directions. But does this mental promiscuity, this tendency to flit around online, make us, well, thicker?

    Nicholas Carr, the American Science writer, has mined this theme for his new book, “The Shallows”, in which he argues that new media are not just changing our habits but our brains. It turns out that the mature human brain is not an immutable seat of personality and intellect but a changeable thing, subject to “neuroplasticity”. When our activities alter, so does the architecture of our brain. Tm not thinking the way I used to think,” writes Carr. “I feel it most stronglywhen l’m reading.”

    Disponível em: www.telegraph.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2012.


    Neil Tweedie levanta vários questionamentos sobre a utilização de diferentes recursos tecnológicos disponíveis hoje em dia. A partir desses questionamentos e dos argumentos do escritor norte-americano Nicholas Carr, o texto sugere que

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