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    READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO THE TEXT: 

    Why do we buy into the 'cult' of overwork?


    By Bryan Lufkin, 9th May 2021


    Although many of us associate overly ambitious workaholism with the 1980s and the finance industry, the tendency to devote ourselves to work and glamourize long-hours culture remains as pervasive as ever. In fact, it is expanding into more sectors and professions, in slightly different packaging. Overwork isn't a phenomenon exclusive to Silicon Valley or Wall Street. People work long hours all over the world, for many different reasons.  


    In Japan, a culture of overwork can be traced back to the 1950s, when the government pushed hard for the country to be rebuilt quickly after World War Two. In Arab League countries, burnout is high among medical professionals, possibly because its 22 members are developing nations with overburdened healthcare systems, studies suggest. Reasons for overwork also depend on industry. Some of the earliest researchers on burnout in the 1970s asserted that many people in jobs geared toward helping others, like employees in clinics or crisis-intervention centers, tended to work long hours that led to emotional and physical exhaustion – a trend which is shown up in the pandemic, too. But millions of us overwork because somehow, we think it’s exciting – a status symbol that puts us on the path to success, whether we define that by wealth or an Instagram post that makes it seem like we're living a dream life with a dream job. Romanticization of work seems to be an especially common practice among "knowledge workers" in the middle and upper classes. In 2014, the New Yorker called this devotion to overwork "a cult". 


    According to Anat Lechner, clinical associate professor of management at New York University. "We glorify the lifestyle, and the lifestyle is: you breathe something, you sleep with something, you wake up and work on it all day long, then you go to sleep. Again, and again and again."

    Adapted from: Home - BBC Worklife. 

    Which of the following sentences is CORRECT, according to the text?
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICAMP 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (Adaptado de https://br.pinterest.com. Acessado em 10/06/2018.)


    O post anterior aponta

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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICAMP 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (Disponível em https://www.creators.com/read/bruce-beattie/01/11/70433. Acessado em 18/03/2018.)

    Este cartum foi criado pelo norte-americano Bruce Beattie, em 2011. Nele, o cartunista faz uso da ironia para
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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICAMP 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (Adaptado de https://www.teachersloungeshop.com. Acessado em 30/04/2018.)

    Os dizeres da camiseta
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    Inglês

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    Love is not all

    By Edna St. Vincent Millay

    Love is not all: It is not meat nor drink
    Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;
    Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink
    And rise and sink and rise and sink again;
    Love cannot fill the thickened lung with breath,
    Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;
    Yet many a man is making friends with death
    Even as I speak, for lack of love alone.
    It well may be that in a difficult hour,
    Pinned down by need and moaning for release,
    Or nagged by want past resolution's power,
    I might be driven to sell your love for peace,
    Or trade the memory of this night for food.
    It may well be. I do not think I would.

    (Disponível em https://www.poemhunter.com/. Acessado em 28/05/2018.)

    De acordo com o poema
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    Inglês

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    Genetic Fortune-Telling


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICAMP 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering a heart attack or cancer, of getting hooked on tobacco, and of being smarter than average.

    Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not diagnoses, they could greatly benefit medicine. For example, if women at high risk for breast cancer got more mammograms and those at low risk got fewer, those exams might catch more real cancers and set off fewer false alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. What if someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off being screened, and then develops cancer anyway? Polygenic scores are also controversial because they can predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can now forecast about 10 percent of a person’s performance on IQ tests. But how will parents and educators use that information?


    (Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology Review, Março/Abril 2018)


    De acordo com o texto, um dos riscos do prognóstico genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de

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    Inglês

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    Do one thing for diversity and inclusion

          The United Nations Ailiance of Civilízations (UNAOC) is launching a campaign aimed at engaging people around the world to Do One Thing to support Cultural Diversity and Inclusion. Every one of us can do ONE thíng for diversity and inclusion; even one very little thíng can become a global action if we ali take part in it

          Simple things YOU can do to celebrate the World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development on May 21.

    1 . Visit an arí exhibit or a museum dedicated to other cultures.
    2. Read about the great thinkers of other cultures.
    3. Visit a place of worship different than yours and particípate in the celebration.
    4.  Spread your own culture around the world and learn about other cultures.
    5. Explore music of a different culture.
    There are thousands of things that you can do, are you taking part in it?

    UNITED NATIONS ALLIANCE OF CIVILIZATIONS. Disponível em; www.unaoc.org. Acesso em: 16                                                                                                                                        fev. 2013 (adaptado).

    Internautas costumam manifestar suas opiniões sobre artigos on-line por meio da postagem de comentários. O comentário que exemplifica o engajamento proposto na quarta dica da campanha apresentada no texto é:

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    Inglês

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, PUC - RS 2011, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    According to the last sentence in the first paragraph (lines 12 to 14), methods to keep track of surgeons’ abilities/skills
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    Inglês

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    Leia o fragmento textual seguinte e, com base nele, responda às questões de 55 a 60.

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UFRN 2009, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    O autor menciona que a tecnologia das linhas telefônicas residenciais
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    Inglês

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    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    Leia o primeiro parágrafo, em que se responde à pergunta “What is modern-day slavery?”. De acordo com esse parágrafo, uma das formas que a escravidão moderna assume é
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    Inglês

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    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily – o termo em destaque se refere a
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UNICENTRO 2012, Adjetivos | Adjectives



    The only alternative in which there is not a pair of opposites is

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    Inglês

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    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a Convenção Suplementar das Nações Unidas de 1956 inclui como escravidão moderna
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    Inglês

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    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved – o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
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    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    De acordo com o quarto parágrafo, a ILO estima que
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Modern-day slavery: an explainer
    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2018, Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions
    Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

    What is modern-day slavery?
       About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

    How is slavery defined?
      Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”
      Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

    How many people are enslaved across the world?
      Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

    (www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
    No trecho do quarto parágrafo – unless the last two practices result in forced labour – o termo em destaque indica ideia de
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    The texts Sobreviveremos na Terra? and The flat Earth cruise: seriously, people? share one issue.

    The issue mentioned in both texts is the following one: 

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    In order to support his point of view, the writer of the text quotes an authoritative source in the fragment below:
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    people who believe that our planet is not round (l. 1-2)

    The expression from the text which refers to this same group of people is:

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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    These and other flat-Earth assertions appear on the website of the FES, allegedly the world’s oldest official flat Earth organization, dating to the early 1800s. (l. 16-17)

    In relation to the fragment above, the pieces of information introduced in the fifth paragraph (l. 18-20) serve the following purpose:

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