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Questões de Inglês do ENEM

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    Uncontacted Amazon tribe has been threatened by illegal
    loggers

          Remarkable close-up footage that appears to show an uncontacted tribesman in the Amazon rainforest has been released by an indigenous media group that wants to raise awareness of the threat posed by illegal loggers, miners and drug traffickers.
         (...) The Awá have been described as the world’s most threatened tribe by the NGO Survival International, which has tracked killings by loggers, who surround and frequently encroach upon the group’s territory.
         Many of the community have been forced to abandon the forest, but some remain in self-imposed isolation. Their existence has been called into question by commercial interests that want to move into the land, but the new footage has been cited as proof that they remain in the territory.   
          It was recorded by a member of a neighbouring tribe, the Guajajara, which is trying to defend one of the last pockets of intact forest in Maranhão, a massively deforested state in the north-east of Brazil. ―We hope this film produces something positive.
           We hope it makes an impact around the world to help protect our people and our forest,‖ said Flay Guajajara, who shot the image while out hunting and released it through the Mídia Índia platform.
           (...) Olimpio Guajajara, coordinator of the Guardians of the Amazon, said three of the group’s members have been murdered in this activity, which highlighted the need for more long-term support. He said: ―We Guardians are defending our people’s rights, defending the uncontacted Indians, and defending nature for all of us. We need the land to be protected for good."
         Indigenous groups say successive governments have failed to adequately recognise their territorial rights and their role in protecting forests that are globally essential for carbon sequestration and natural habitats.
          According to Survival International, loggers have been emboldened by the government and their camps can now be seen on the edge of Awá land.
         Director Stephen Corry said: ―This video is further proof that the uncontacted Awá people really exist. And a glance at a satellite photo shows just how much danger they’re in. Loggers have already killed many of their relatives and forced others out of the forest".

    Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jul/22/uncontactedtribe-video-amazon-rainforest-awa-people.
    In agreement with the text, it is CORRECT to affirm:
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    The sentence “Now, according to an annual surveyby the Babson Survey Research Group and the Online Learning Consortium, more than 6.3 million students took at least one distance education course in the Fall 2016 semester”is an example of
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Análise sintática | Syntax Parsing

    In the sentence “He said that he researched the school through the V.A. and other sources” there is a/an
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    According to the text, in terms of its advantages, it is correct to say that online education is
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    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UECE 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    As to Mr. Haynes, studying online allows him to be
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    The Arctic Ocean has lost 95 percent of its oldest ice — a startling sign of what’s to come

    By Chris Mooney
    December 11, 2018

    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/energyenvironment/2018/12/11/arctic-is-even-worse-shape-thanyou-realize/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.508085a17318>. Retrieved on: July 2, 2019. Adapted.
    In terms of numerical reference,
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    The Arctic Ocean has lost 95 percent of its oldest ice — a startling sign of what’s to come

    By Chris Mooney
    December 11, 2018

    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2019, Sinônimos | Synonyms
    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, PUC - RJ 2019, Sinônimos | Synonyms
    Available at: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/energyenvironment/2018/12/11/arctic-is-even-worse-shape-thanyou-realize/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.508085a17318>. Retrieved on: July 2, 2019. Adapted.
    In the fragment “Young and thin ice can regrow relatively quickly once the dark and cold winter sets in.” (lines 55-57), sets in can be replaced, without change in meaning, by
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    Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

    How we learn things shapes our memory

    Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

    As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

    Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

    In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

    One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

    The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

    A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

    The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

    The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

    "We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

    When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

    Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
    Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió - Centro Universitário 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Disponivel em: <https://caveviews.blogs.com/cave_news/2010/08/webmdeffect.html>. Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2019.

    The patient’s assertion
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    Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão .


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UEG 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the 

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    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

    Considerando os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais presentes no texto, constata-se que
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    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

    Considerando os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
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    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

    Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que
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    Considere o cartum a seguir para responder à questão.

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Escola Superior de Administração, Marketing e Comunicação 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    (https://www.gocomics.com/nickanderson/2019/01/11 - Acessado em: 10/03/2019.

    De acordo com o cartum, Trump

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    Considere a notícia a seguir para responder à questão.
    Poetry for a surveillance society
    Joseph McAllister combines technologies with media to produce unique art Thu, Jun 14, 2018, 06:35 - Marie Boran

        I think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a …webcam? Joseph McAllister describes himself as “a computational artist and privacy advocate”. He combines technologies like machine learning and programming with media including sculpture and interactive theatre to produce unique art for the increasingly technocratic age we live in.

        His latest work is Webcam Poetry, which uses a machine learning method known as “dense captioning”, a method that detects objects in video footage and produces descriptions in natural language. Combined with his own programming (he calls it his poetry engine), it takes live streaming webcam footage and “writes” poems based on what it sees. 

    (Adaptado de: https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/ poetry-for-a-surveillance-society-1.3528084 - Acessado em 07/03/2019.) 

    Segundo o texto, o trabalho “Webcam Poetry”
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    Researchers create first sensor package that can ride aboard bees.


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Researchers at the University of Washington have created a sensor package that is small enough to ride aboard a bumblebee.

    Farmers can already use drones to soar over huge fields and monitor temperature, humidity or crop health. But these machines need so much power to fly that they can’t get very far without needing a charge.

    Now, engineers at the University of Washington have created a sensing system that is small enough to ride aboard a bumblebee. Because insects can fly on their own, the package requires only a tiny rechargeable battery that could last for seven hours of flight and then charge while the bees are in their hive at night.

    “Drones can fly for maybe 10 or 20 minutes before they need to charge again, whereas our bees can collect data for hours,” said senior author Shyam Gollakota, an associate professor in the UW’s Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering. “We showed for the first time that it’s possible to actually do all this computation and sensing using insects in lieu of drones.”

    Source: www.washington-edu/news/2018/12/11/sensor-bees/
    The advantages of using a sensing system are… (Except - Text Comprehension)
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Faculdade Cásper Líbero 2019, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Fonte: https://steemit.com/meme/@ epicdave/whats-the-difference-between-ignorance-and-apathy


    A resposta dada pela garota neste meme significa:

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    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


        McDonald’s new paper straws – described as “eco-friendly” by the US fast food giant – cannot be recycled. Last year, it axed plastic straws, even though they were recyclable, in all its UK branches as part of a green drive. But the US fast food giant says the new paper straws are not yet easy to recycle and should be put into general waste. McDonald’s says the materials are recyclable, but their thickness makes it difficult for them to be processed.
        The firm switched from plastic straws to paper ones in its restaurants in the UK and Republic of Ireland last autumn. The straws are manufactured by Transcend Packaging, based in Ebbw Vale, South Wales.
        But some customers were unhappy with the new straws, saying they dissolved before a drink could be finished, with milkshakes particularly hard to drink.
        “As a result of customer feedback, we have strengthened our paper straws, so while the materials are recyclable, their current thickness makes it difficult for them to be processed by our waste solution providers, who also help us recycle our paper cups,” a McDonald’s spokesman said.
        The firm said it was working to find a solution, and that current advice, as first reported by The Sun, to put paper straws in general waste was therefore temporary.
        “This waste from our restaurants does not go to landfill, but is used to generate energy,” the company added.
        A petition by irate McDonald’s customers to bring back plastic straws has so far been signed by 51,000 people. The restaurant chain uses 1.8 million straws a day in the UK, so the move to paper was a significant step in helping to reduce single-use plastic. Some single-use plastic products can take hundreds of years to decompose if not recycled.
    Extracted from BBC News, 5th of August, 2019 (https://www.bbc.com/news/business-49234054) 
    Considere as seguintes afirmações relativas ao texto anterior:


    1. Os canudos de plástico usados por todas as lojas do McDonald’s no Reino Unido até o outono passado já eram recicláveis. Mesmo assim, foram substituídos por canudos de papel para evitar plásticos de uso único.

    2. A direção do McDonald’s do Reino Unido e da Irlanda pede que os consumidores descartem os canudos de papel no lixo comum porque descobriram que, na verdade, eles não são totalmente recicláveis.

    3. Inicialmente, foram utilizados canudos de papel reciclável que se desmanchavam com facilidade, gerando reclamações de consumidores. Por isso a troca para o papel mais grosso, o que torna impossível sua reciclagem.

    4. O problema com os novos canudos de papel vem da incapacidade apenas momentânea das empresas recicladoras de processar esse tipo de papel – mas elas garantem que os canudos não vão para aterros sanitários.

    5. Um grupo de consumidores ambientalistas do McDonald’s criou um abaixo-assinado com mais de 51.000 adesões, pedindo a volta dos canudos de plástico, para os quais já há tecnologia de reciclagem existente.


    Indique qual das opções abaixo classifica corretamente as cinco afirmações acima como Verdadeiras (V) ou Falsas (F).
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    Big education publisher to end printed textbooks  


    The world's largest education publisher, Pearson, has said it will gradually phase out printed textbooks. It has taken a decision to make all of its learning resources "digital first". Pearson said the future of the industry is in e-books and digital services. Pearson CEO John Fallon explained more about the company's future direction. He told the BBC: "We are now over the digital tipping point. Over half our annual revenues come from digital sales, so we've decided, a little bit like in other industries like newspapers or music or in broadcast, that it is time to flick the switch in how we primarily make and create our products." He added: "I am increasingly confident and excited about this." Pearson said a huge advantage of digital books is that they can be continually updated, _________3 means teachers will always have access to the latest versions of textbooks. Mr. Fallon said Pearson would stop its current business model of revising printed course books every three years. He said this model has dominated the industry for over four decades and is now past its use-by date. Fallon said: "We learn by engaging and sharing with others, and a digital environment enables you to do that in a much more effective way." He added the digital books will appeal to the "Netflix and Spotify generation". Textbook writers are worried they will earn less from their books as digital products are sold on a subscription basis.


    Source: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1907/190718- textbooks.html Captured on: 26/07/19

    According to the text, it is wrong to affirm that:
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