Questões: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU-MG) — com gabarito

ASSISTE AO ENTERRO DE UM TRABALHADOR DE EITO E OUVE O QUE DIZEM DO MORTO OS AMIGOS QUE O LEVARAM AO CEMITÉRIO

— Essa cova em que estás,

com palmos medida,

é a conta menor que tiraste em vida.

— É de bom tamanho,

nem largo nem fundo,

é a parte que te cabe deste latifúndio.

— Não é cova grande,

é cova medida,

é a terra que querias ver dividida.

— É uma cova grande

para teu pouco defunto,

mas estarás mais ancho

que estavas no mundo.

— É uma cova grande

para teu defunto parco,

porém mais que no mundo

te sentirás largo.

— É uma cova grande

para tua carne pouca,

mas a terra dada

não se abre a boca.

MELO NETO, João Cabral de. Serial e antes. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1997. p.159-160.

A partir do trecho acima, de Morte e vida Severina, e de seu conhecimento sobre a obra, assinale a alternativa correta.

Considero-me um realista, mas sou realista não à maneira naturalista — que falseia a vida — mas à maneira de nossa maravilhosa literatura popular, que transfigura a vida com a imaginação para ser fiel à vida. [...] O que eu procuro atingir, portanto, é, se não a verdade do mundo, a verdade de meu mundo, afinal inapreensível em sua totalidade, mas mesmo assim, ou por isso mesmo, tentador e belo [...] Assim, sem exageros que acabem a ilusão consentida do público, é melhor não apelar para as muletas do verismo nem esconder as traves da arquitetura teatral — sejam as do autor, as do encenador ou as dos atores, pois todos nós temos as nossas; assim o público, vendo que não pretendemos enganá-lo, que não queremos competir com a vida, aceita nossos andaimes de papel, madeira e cola e pode, graças a essa generosidade, participar de nossa maravilhosa realidade transfigurada.

SUASSUNA, Ariano. O santo e a porca. 26 ed. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2012. p. 16-17.

Sobre o texto acima, da “nota do autor” de O santo e a porca, e a peça em si, é correto afirmar que

Elias (1994, p. 132-135), ao analisar o processo civilizador, questiona: “Por que é mais civilizado comer com garfo?”. Ele discute, por meio de vários argumentos e de relações históricas, o estabelecimento desse padrão social. Ainda, segundo ele, “o padrão social a que o indivíduo fora inicialmente obrigado a se conformar por restrição externa é finalmente reproduzido, mais suavemente ou menos, no seu íntimo através de um autocontrole que opera mesmo contra seus desejos conscientes”.

Considerando-se a posição de Elias, é correto afirmar que

REPORT SUGGESTS LIFTING BAN ON ELEPHANT CULL


Some Botswanan MPs say the elephant population is out of control

< https://reallifeglobal.com/learn-english-comic-strips-garfield/>. Acesso em 22.fev.2019.

25th James Bond Movie

<https://www.newsinlevels.com>. Acesso em 7.mar.2019.

<https://gizmodo.com/10-of-your-funniest-nerdiest-comic-strips-5375407>. Acesso em 25.fev.2019.

High Mobility

The southeastern region is changing more rapidly than any other part of the United States - not because the land is new, but because the area´s old, exhausted land is being given new life. The problems of the southeast are best illustrated by a story that goes back a decade before the turn of the century. The tale describes the funeral of a poor man. “They cut through solid marble to make his grave and yet the little marble tombstone they put above him was from Vermont. They buried him in the heart of a pine tree forest, and yet his pine coffin came form Ohio. They buried him beside an iron mine, and yet his nails in his coffin and the iron in the shovel came from Pittsburgh. They buried him in a coat form New York and shoes from Chicago and a shirt from Cincinnati. The South didn’t supply anything for that funeral except the body and the hole in the ground.”

THE FIRST CHILD OF BOMI AND JER Bulsara, the boy named Farrokh was born on September 5, 1946, in the British protectorate of Zanzibar, an island off the east coast of Africa. The Bulsaras were Paris’s, Zoroastrian descendents of Persians who fled to India to escape Muslim persecution. While Bomi worked as a high-court cashier for the British government, Jer looked after Farrokh, a lively child who took an early interest in music: “Folk, opera, classical, he loved them all,” she later said. “I think he always wanted to be a showman.”

When Farrokh was six, Jer gave birth to his sister, Kashmira, but the boy’s happy home life would be short-lived. As Kashmira later said, “I only had a year of him,” referrring to the fact that her older brother was sent to St. Peter’s, a boarding school in India, not far from Bombay. “I was a precocious child,” Farrokh would say many years later, when he was known as Fred Mercury, “and my parents thought boarding school would do me good. It was an upheaval of an upbringing, which seems to have worked, I guess.”

Life magazine. Queen. Fev. 2019.

Active Trips: Grab your gear and head into the wilderness with National Geographic! On our active expeditions, you'll venture off the beaten path in spectacular places around the globe, following in the footsteps of National Geographic’s explorers and adventurers. Trek through some of the world's most legendary mountain ranges; go kayaking amid icebergs and calving glaciers; and discover wild and stunning landscapes by foot, horseback, and even dogsled. Whether you find yourself snorkeling with majestic whale sharks, snowshoeing to remote waterfalls, or hiking an ancient pilgrimage route, you’ll experience the unforgettable rush that comes with achieving a personal quest. And we keep our group size to a maximum of 16 so that we can move with agility, interact with local cultures, and enjoy every place we visit in-depth.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

    These graphs below represent what fourth grade students in different U.S. schools think are humanity’s biggest problems, as published by The New York Times Learning Network.

Disponível em: http://www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 17 Mar. 2024.

According to the graphs, it is possible to infer that 

I. most children believe people should not be homeless.

II. children think money is more important than world hunger.

III. fourth graders feel adults are not leading the world well.

IV. climate change is a bigger issue in comparison to war.

V. bullying is considered one of the biggest problems in schools.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas asserções corretas.

    Large earthquakes are always followed by aftershocks – a series of smaller but still potentially damaging quakes produced as the ground readjusts. But how long does it take for the aftershocks to die out? A new study suggests some areas can experience aftershocks decades or even centuries after the original earthquake. In earthquake-prone areas it is hard to tell the difference between aftershocks and ordinary background seismicity. But recognizing aftershocks is an important part of assessing a region’s disaster risk. To understand how long aftershocks can persist, researchers turned to the stable continental interior of North America, where earthquakes are uncommon. Using statistical analysis, they assessed the timing and clustering of quakes that followed three large magnitude 6.5 to 8 historical earthquakes: one near south-east Quebec in Canada in 1663; a trio of quakes around the Missouri-Kentucky border from 1811 to 1812; and an earthquake in Charleston in South Carolina in 1886. Their results, published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, suggest that the Quebec quake in 1663 has likely shaken itself out, but to their surprise nearly a third of modern quakes in the Missouri-Kentucky area were most likely to be aftershocks from the 1811-12 event, and about 16% of recent quakes in the Charleston region are probably aftershocks from the 1886 quake.

Disponível em: http://www.theguardian.com/. Acesso em: 4 Fev. 2024.

Tome como base o texto acima e analise as asserções abaixo.

I. Terremotos são sempre seguidos de tremores secundários de menor impacto.

II. Cientistas acreditam que até hoje são sentidos efeitos do terremoto de Quebec de 1663.

III. Abalos sísmicos secundários podem ocorrer até mesmo séculos depois do principal.

IV. Em áreas sísmicas, fica difícil distinguir abalos secundários de simples tremores comuns.

V. É pouco provável que terremotos perto de Charleston estejam relacionados com o de 1886.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas asserções corretas.

    Comic strips are art works with texts aiming to produce some effect of humor. Usually humor results from the interaction of text and image and is based on play on words, exaggerations, contradictions, or verbal metaphors.

Drabble by Kevin Fagan for June 10, 2010. Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

Considering this comic strip above, it is correct to state that the effect of humor resulted from

    At the University of Tokyo, researchers have bioengineered a robotic finger that is covered in human skin, which is water-repellent and self-healing. Using human skin cells, scientists have successfully created a robotic finger that replicates the real look and feel of human skin. This bioengineered skin was found to be water repellent and self-repairing when harmed with minor abrasions and wounds. The skin's ability to repair itself when injured replicates living organisms' skin. In the recently published journal, the scientists explained that the bioengineered skin was created by first using a mixture of collagen and human dermal fibroblasts. The robotic finger is then submerged into the skin solution to give the body part the realistic look of skin. Shoji Takeuchi, a tissue engineer and lead author of this study, expressed his belief that "living skin is the ultimate solution to give robots the look and touch of living creatures since it is exactly the same material that covers animal bodies." Takeuchi and his colleagues believe that their biohybrid invention could help to create realistic-looking robots that work within the medical care and service industry. The humanlike appearance of these robots is an important piece in ensuring that robots appear approachable. Although the first version of the skin is much weaker than our natural skin and is not able to survive without nutrient baths and waste removal, Professor Takeuchi and his team are hopeful about their research. They plan to address their current issues as well as add in more complex features like sensory neurons, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

Disponível em: https://www.discovery.com/. Acesso em: 18 Fev. 2024.

Considering this text on robots and bioengineering, it is INCORRECT to state that

    In a first, microplastic particles have been linked to heart disease

By Tara Haelle

    Microplastics are everywhere in the environment—and in our bodies. The build-up of these tiny plastic particles in blood vessels is linked to a greater risk of heart attack, stroke, and death, according to a new study. When plaque builds up in arteries—a disease called atherosclerosis—the thicker vessel walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body, raising the risk of strokes, angina, and heart attack. The plaques are typically a mixture of cholesterol, fatty substances, waste from cells, calcium, and a blood clotting protein called fibrin. The new study now focuses on some 300 people with atherosclerosis, some of whom also had tiny plastic particles—microplastics and nanoplastics—embedded in plaques in their carotid artery, a major blood vessel in the neck that provides blood to the brain. The people with plastic-containing plaques were more than four times more likely to have a heart attack or stroke or to die from any cause over the next three years, according to the research published on March 7 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/. Acesso em: 11 Abr. 2024.

According to the text, what can be said about microplastic particles? 

Concertgoers wear haptic suits created for the deaf by Music: Not Impossible, during an outdoor concert at Lincoln Center in New York City on July 22, 2023. Angela Weiss—AFP/Getty Images

Feeling the Beats

Music: Not Impossible

By John Mihaly

    The Music: Not Impossible haptic suit—a wearable backpack that weighs a couple pounds, with wrist and ankle attachments—translates audio from a concert venue’s mixers and placed microphones into vibrations that allow people who are deaf to feel the music on their skin. From events at Lincoln Center to South x Southwest, Music: Not Impossible has been lending its not-yet-commercially available suits to deaf and hard-of-hearing visitors. “For the deaf, it’s not just about the music; it’s the social aspect,” says Daniel Belquer, the company’s co-founder and “chief vibrational officer.” “To be involved in something larger than themselves, to disappear among the crowd - hearing people take it for granted.”

Disponível em: http://time.com/. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

Sobre a tecnologia descrita no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que ela 

    Some researchers studying Indigenous actors and filmmakers in the United States have turned their attention to the early days of cinema, particularly the 1910s and 1920s, when people like James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr (known professionally as Red Wing) were involved in one way or another with numerous films. In fact, so many films and associated records for this era have been lost that counts of those four figures’ output should be taken as bare minimums rather than totals.

    The chart below represents credited film output of James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr. 

Disponível em: http://satsuite.collegeboard.org. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

    Based on this text and on the data provided in the chart, it is possible to state, for example, that