Questões: Universidade de São Paulo (USP) — com gabarito

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

    Evidentemente, não se pode esperar que Dostoiévski seja traduzido por outro Dostoiévski, mas desde que o tradutor procure penetrar nas peculiaridades da linguagem primeira, aplique-se com afinco e faça com que sua criatividade orientada pelo original permita, paradoxalmente, afastar-se do texto para ficar mais próximo deste, um passo importante será dado. Deixando de lado a fidelidade mecânica, frase por frase, tratando o original como um conjunto de blocos a serem transpostos, e transgredindo sem receio, quando necessário, as normas do “escrever bem”, o tradutor poderá trazê-lo com boa margem de fidelidade para a língua com a qual está trabalhando.

Boris Schnaiderman, Dostoiévski Prosa Poesia.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

    Nasceu o dia e expirou.

    Já brilha na cabana de Araquém o fogo, companheiro da noite. Correm lentas e silenciosas no azul do céu, as estrelas, filhas da lua, que esperam a volta da mãe ausente.

    Martim se embala docemente; e como a alva rede que vai e vem, sua vontade oscila de um a outro pensamento. Lá o espera a virgem loura dos castos afetos; aqui lhe sorri a virgem morena dos ardentes amores.

    Iracema recosta-se langue ao punho da rede; seus olhos negros e fúlgidos, ternos olhos de sabiá, buscam o estrangeiro, e lhe entram n’alma. O cristão sorri; a virgem palpita; como o saí, fascinado pela serpente, vai declinando o lascivo talhe, que se debruça enfim sobre o peito do guerreiro.

José de Alencar, Iracema.

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

    Nasceu o dia e expirou.

    Já brilha na cabana de Araquém o fogo, companheiro da noite. Correm lentas e silenciosas no azul do céu, as estrelas, filhas da lua, que esperam a volta da mãe ausente.

    Martim se embala docemente; e como a alva rede que vai e vem, sua vontade oscila de um a outro pensamento. Lá o espera a virgem loura dos castos afetos; aqui lhe sorri a virgem morena dos ardentes amores.

    Iracema recosta-se langue ao punho da rede; seus olhos negros e fúlgidos, ternos olhos de sabiá, buscam o estrangeiro, e lhe entram n’alma. O cristão sorri; a virgem palpita; como o saí, fascinado pela serpente, vai declinando o lascivo talhe, que se debruça enfim sobre o peito do guerreiro.

José de Alencar, Iracema.

Working for on demand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal autoinsurance.

Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for on-demand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday.

"We want to shed light on the industry as a whole," said Isaac Madan, a Stanford master's candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. "People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy."

On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees.

That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask

contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days - all perks of full time workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and human relations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility ofnew jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that!

SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado

      You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand?

      To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for – jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison.

      Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions – a major contributor to traffic accidents – any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours.

                                                                                  Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado.

      You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand?

      To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for – jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison.

      Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions – a major contributor to traffic accidents – any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours.

                                                                                  Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado.