Leia
o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Migrant or Refugee? There Is a Difference, With
Legal Implications
In
the first half of this year alone, at least 137,000 men, women and children
crossed the Mediterranean Sea to reach the shores of Europe, according to the
United Nations. Thousands are traveling across the Balkans now. However, are
they refugee or migrants? Does it make any difference? In search for these
answers, let’s read the interview.
Q. Does it matter what you call them?
A. Yes. The terms “migrant” and “refugee” are
sometimes used interchangeably, but there is a crucial legal difference between
the two.
Q. Who is a refugee?
A. Briefly, a refugee is a person who has fled his
or her country to escape war or persecution, and can prove it.
Q. What does the distinction mean for European
countries?
A. Refugees are entitled to basic protections under the
1951 convention and other international agreements. Once in Europe, refugees
can apply for political asylum or another protected status, sometimes
temporary. By law, refugees cannot be sent back to countries where their lives
would be in danger. “One of the most fundamental principles laid down in
international law is that refugees should not be expelled or returned to
situations where their life and freedom would be under threat,” the refugee
agency said in a statement on Thursday.
Q. Who is a migrant?
A. Anyone moving from one country to another is
considered a migrant unless he or she is specifically fleeing war or
persecution. Migrants may be fleeing dire poverty, or may be well-off and
merely seeking better opportunities, or may be migrating to join relatives who
have gone before them. There is an emerging debate about whether migrants
fleeing their homes because of the effects of climate change – the
desertification of the Sahel region, for example, or the sinking of coastal
islands in Bangladesh – ought to be reclassified as refugees.
Q. Are migrants treated differently from refugees?
A. Countries are free to deport migrants who arrive
without legal papers, which they cannot do with refugees under the 1951
convention. So it is not surprising that many politicians in Europe prefer to
refer to everyone fleeing to the continent as migrants.
Disponível
em:
<https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/28/world/migrants-refugees-europe-syria.html?_r=0>. Acesso
em: 15 set. 2015.
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