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Questões: Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE) — com gabarito

4.981 questões de Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), todas de 2017. Cada uma tem página própria, com enunciado completo, alternativas e gabarito — e dá para responder na própria página.

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4.981 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 122 de 250.

  • DB58722D-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    Leia com atenção os excertos abaixo e assinale o único que NÃO apresenta discurso indireto livre (DIL).
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db58722d-cb
  • DB550AAC-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    Em uma narrativa, as personagens se manifestam de três maneiras: na forma de discurso direto (DD), na forma de discurso indireto (DI) e na forma de discurso indireto livre (DIL). Atente ao que se diz a respeito desses tipos de discurso:


    I. No DD, o narrador cede a fala à personagem, mesmo que ela não queira ou não possa apresentar seu próprio ponto de vista. A estrutura do DD caracteriza-se pela presença de uma oração subordinada substantiva.

    II. No DI, tudo é filtrado pela voz do narrador, que pode impor seu ponto de vista. É caracterizado pela presença de marcas gráficas.

    III. No DIL, misturam-se as falas do narrador e da personagem, de maneira que essas duas vozes podem dificultar a compreensão do leitor. Esse terceiro tipo de discurso caracteriza as narrativas mais complexas.


    Está correto o que se diz apenas em

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db550aac-cb
  • DB51D0C1-CB

    Português

    Flexão verbal de modo (indicativo, subjuntivo, imperativo)
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Flexão verbal de modo (indicativo, subjuntivo, imperativo)

    Sabe-se que o pretérito mais-que-perfeito do indicativo é empregado quando se quer mencionar um passado que ocorreu antes de outro passado. Atente ao emprego desse tempo verbal no excerto abaixo e ao que se diz em seguida.


    “Luciana quis aproximar-se das pessoas grandes, mas lembrou-se do que lhe tinha acontecido na véspera. Andara com mamãe pela cidade, percorrera diversas ruas, satisfeita. Num lugar feio e escorregadio, onde a água da chuva empoçava, resistira, acuara e caíra no chão, sentara-se na lama, esperneando e berrando. Em casa, antes de tirar-lhe a camisa suja, mamãe lhe infligira três palmadas enérgicas. Por quê? Luciana passara o dia tentando reconciliar-se com o ser poderoso que lhe magoara as nádegas.” (linhas 10- 21)


    I. Há, no início do excerto transcrito, formas do pretérito perfeito do indicativo.

    II. Tinha acontecido é uma locução verbal que configura o mais-que-perfeito composto, equivalendo, portanto, à forma simples, acontecera.

    III. Das formas do pretérito perfeito, a que vai determinar o emprego do pretérito-mais-que-perfeito, no excerto transcrito (andara, percorrera, resistira, acuara, caíra e sentara) é lembrou. Todas essas ações ocorreram antes da lembrança, do contrário não poderiam ser lembradas.


    Está correto o que se diz em

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db51d0c1-cb
  • DB4DC296-CB

    Português

    Figuras de Linguagem
    UECE · 2017DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Figuras de Linguagem

    O conteúdo denotativo de uma palavra corresponde ao seu sentido usual, isto é, próprio, não figurado, não metafórico. Nessa perspectiva, o sentido dessa palavra é o mesmo para todos os membros de uma mesma comunidade linguística. “Uma palavra assim empregada é entendida independentemente de interpretações individuais, interpretações de natureza afetiva ou emocional. Se, no entanto, a significação de uma palavra não é a mesma para certa comunidade linguística; se a palavra não sugere ou evoca por associação outras ideias de ordem abstrata, de natureza afetiva ou emocional, então se diz que seu valor, i. e., seu sentido, é conotativo ou afetivo”.

    (Othon Moacyr Garcia)


    Leia com atenção os seguintes excertos:


    1. “E lá ia ela remedando um pássaro que se dispõe a voar” (linhas 28-29);

    2. “Luciana recusava as princesas e as estrelas. Seu Adão coçaria o pixaim, encolheria os ombros. Levá-la-ia para a gaiola. Mamãe recebê-la-ia zangadíssima” (linhas 133-136).


    Compare as duas expressões destacadas nos excertos acima, e assinale com V o que for verdadeiro e com F o que for falso.


    ( ) Os dois enunciados constituem metáforas.

    ( ) O verbo remedar, da maneira como foi empregado no texto, equivale à partícula comparativa como.

    ( ) Deve-se considerar os dois enunciados como duas imagens independentes que fecham o sentido do conto.

    ( ) O primeiro enunciado, “E lá ia ela remedando um pássaro que se dispõe a voar” fala do desejo de liberdade que caracterizava Luciana.

    ( ) O segundo enunciado, “Levá-la-ia para a gaiola”, fecha a imagem iniciada pelo primeiro, exprimindo a recusa da satisfação desse desejo.

    ( ) O texto, como um único signo, isto é, um todo formado por significante (aspecto material e significado (representação mental) fecha-se com a legitimação da sujeição e com a não deslegitimação da liberdade.


    Está correta, de cima para baixo, a seguinte sequência:

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db4dc296-cb
  • DB4A1716-CB

    Português

    Figuras de Linguagem
    UECE · 2017DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Figuras de Linguagem

    A figura de linguagem denominada hipálage é um recurso linguístico pelo qual uma palavra que deveria qualificar determinado termo passa a qualificar outro. Considerando as duas ocorrências de hipálage nas seguintes passagens do texto: “A fala ranzinza feria-lhe os ouvidos. Dedos finos e nervosos agarravam-na” (linhas 113-114), assinale a afirmação FALSA.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db4a1716-cb
  • DB4685A5-CB

    Português

    Flexão verbal de tempo (presente, pretérito, futuro)
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Flexão verbal de tempo (presente, pretérito, futuro)

    Atente ao que se diz sobre as orações do seguinte excerto: “Ouvindo rumor na porta da frente e os passos conhecidos de tio Severino, Luciana ergueu-se estouvada, saiu do corredor, entrou na sala, parou indecisa, esperando que a chamassem. Ninguém reparou nela”. (linhas 1-5)


    I. A primeira oração, construída com o verbo ouvir no gerúndio, pode ser reescrita da seguinte maneira: (Quando ouviu rumor na porta da frente e os passos conhecidos de tio Severino, Luciana...).

    II. Os verbos empregados no pretérito perfeito do indicativo sugerem que as ações de Luciana (ergueu-se, saiu, entrou, parou) foram percebidas pelo narrador depois de concluídas.

    III. Embora sem um conectivo que evidencie uma relação semântica entre as últimas orações do trecho, pode-se depreender um sentido de adição (e esperou) e de oposição (chamassem, mas), ligando-as.


    Está correto o que se diz em

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  • DB431DA8-CB

    Português

    Coesão e coerência
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Coesão e coerência

    Releia com atenção o trecho que fica entre as linhas 17 e 23: “Em casa, antes de tirar-lhe a camisa suja, mamãe lhe infligira três palmadas enérgicas. Por quê? Luciana passara o dia tentando reconciliar-se com o ser poderoso que lhe magoara as nádegas. Agora, na presença da visita, essa criatura forte não anunciava perigo”. Nesse trecho aparecem três vocábulos e/ou expressões que se referem à mãe de Luciana. São expressões referenciais, com as quais podem ser construídas quatro diferentes sequências. Uma delas foi organizada de modo a formar uma gradação ascendente com um forte clímax. Essas expressões referenciais são responsáveis pelas mudanças que o referente sofre durante o desenvolvimento do discurso. A sequência que expressa a gradação ascendente é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db431da8-cb
  • DB3EF494-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    Caricatura é o desenho de uma pessoa ou de um fato exageradamente deformados. É um tipo de expressão grotesca ou jocosa, divertida, cômica. A caricatura também pode ser feita por meio dos recursos linguísticos. No conto, a personagem caricaturada é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db3ef494-cb
  • DB3B5118-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    Que sentimentos experimentou Luciana quando ouviu, pela primeira vez, que era uma menina que sabia onde o diabo dormia?
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  • DB374E36-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    Assinale a opção que descreve corretamente quem era D. Henriqueta da Boa-Vista e o que ela representava para Luciana.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db374e36-cb
  • DB3396BC-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    A técnica narrativa empregada no conto “Luciana” é um tanto complexa: o narrador narra ora na perspectiva do adulto, ora na perspectiva da criança. Assinale com a letra A o que é dito pela perspectiva do adulto, e com C o que é dito pela perspectiva da criança.


    ( ) “Ouvindo rumor na porta da frente e os passos conhecidos de tio Severino, Luciana ergueu-se estouvada, saiu do corredor, entrou na sala, parou indecisa, esperando que a chamassem.” (linhas 01-05)

    ( ) “Em casa, antes de tirar-lhe a camisa suja, mamãe lhe infligira três palmadas enérgicas. Por quê? Luciana passara o dia tentando reconciliar-se com o ser poderoso que lhe magoara as nádegas.” (linhas 17- 21)

    ( ) “Papai e mamãe, silenciosos, refletindo na opinião rouca do parente grande, com certeza diziam ‘Ah!’ por dentro e orgulhavam-se da filha sabida.” (linhas 66- 69)

    ( ) “A culpada era a mamãe que tivera a infeliz ideia de levá-la a lugares diferentes da calçada tranquila, do quintal sombrio. Na esquina do quarteirão principiava o mistério: barulho de carros, gritos, cores, movimentos, prédios altos demais. Talvez o diabo dormisse num deles. Em qual? Desanimada, confessou, interiormente, a sua ignorância.” (linhas 75-82)

    ( ) “Ainda não sabia, mas haveria de saber. Descobriria o lugar onde o diabo dorme. Dona Henriqueta da Boa-Vista se largaria pelo mundo, importante, os calcanhares erguidos, em companhia de seres enigmáticos que lhe ensinariam a residência do diabo.” (linhas 124-130)


    Está correta, de cima para baixo, a seguinte sequência:

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  • DB2F681C-CB

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, UECE 2017, Interpretação de Textos

    No conto “Luciana”, Graciliano Ramos focaliza uma das fases do desenvolvimento humano, a infância. Dentre os excertos abaixo, extraídos de obras que falam sobre a infância, assinale aquele cujo conteúdo é compatível com a visão de infância que Graciliano Ramos transmite no conto supracitado.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão db2f681c-cb
  • 825E22D2-E5

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

                                               T E X T


          As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems.

          FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trash-strewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route.

          Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners.

          As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, Kit-Kats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children.

          She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said.

          Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included.

          Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India.

          A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago.

          The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition, one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished.

          “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.”

          Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available.

          “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said.

          Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.”

          There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found. 

                                                                                   By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL

                                                      The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com

    According to the text, a striking feature of Celene da Silva's customers is that many of them
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  • 825B5E38-E5

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

                                               T E X T


          As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems.

          FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trash-strewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route.

          Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners.

          As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, Kit-Kats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children.

          She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said.

          Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included.

          Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India.

          A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago.

          The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition, one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished.

          “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.”

          Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available.

          “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said.

          Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.”

          There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found. 

                                                                                   By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL

                                                      The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com

    According to Sean Westcott, as people have the means to buy more food, they tend to
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 825b5e38-e5
  • 82587A36-E5

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UECE · 2017MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

                                               T E X T


          As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems.

          FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trash-strewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route.

          Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners.

          As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, Kit-Kats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children.

          She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said.

          Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included.

          Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India.

          A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago.

          The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition, one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished.

          “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.”

          Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available.

          “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said.

          Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.”

          There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found. 

                                                                                   By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL

                                                      The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com

    Anthony Winson, from Ontario's University of Guelph, says we have low-priced food which is widely available but it
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 82587a36-e5
  • 82557234-E5

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UECE · 2017DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

                                               T E X T


          As growth slows in wealthy countries, Western food companies are aggressively expanding in developing nations, contributing to obesity and health problems.

          FORTALEZA, Brazil — Children’s squeals rang through the muggy morning air as a woman pushed a gleaming white cart along pitted, trash-strewn streets. She was making deliveries to some of the poorest households in this seaside city, bringing pudding, cookies and other packaged foods to the customers on her sales route.

          Celene da Silva, 29, is one of thousands of door-to-door vendors for Nestlé, helping the world’s largest packaged food conglomerate expand its reach into a quarter-million households in Brazil’s farthestflung corners.

          As she dropped off variety packs of Chandelle pudding, Kit-Kats and Mucilon infant cereal, there was something striking about her customers: Many were visibly overweight, even small children.

          She gestured to a home along her route and shook her head, recalling how its patriarch, a morbidly obese man, died the previous week. “He ate a piece of cake and died in his sleep,” she said.

          Mrs. da Silva, who herself weighs more than 200 pounds, recently discovered that she had high blood pressure, a condition she acknowledges is probably tied to her weakness for fried chicken and the Coca-Cola she drinks with every meal, breakfast included.

          Nestlé’s direct-sales army in Brazil is part of a broader transformation of the food system that is delivering Western-style processed food and sugary drinks to the most isolated pockets of Latin America, Africa and Asia. As their growth slows in the wealthiest countries, multinational food companies like Nestlé, PepsiCo and General Mills have been aggressively expanding their presence in developing nations, unleashing a marketing juggernaut that is upending traditional diets from Brazil to Ghana to India.

          A New York Times examination of corporate records, epidemiological studies and government reports — as well as interviews with scores of nutritionists and health experts around the world — reveals a sea change in the way food is produced, distributed and advertised across much of the globe. The shift, many public health experts say, is contributing to a new epidemic of diabetes and heart disease, chronic illnesses that are fed by soaring rates of obesity in places that struggled with hunger and malnutrition just a generation ago.

          The new reality is captured by a single, stark fact: Across the world, more people are now obese than underweight. At the same time, scientists say, the growing availability of high-calorie, nutrient-poor foods is generating a new type of malnutrition, one in which a growing number of people are both overweight and undernourished.

          “The prevailing story is that this is the best of all possible worlds — cheap food, widely available. If you don’t think about it too hard, it makes sense,” said Anthony Winson, who studies the political economics of nutrition at the University of Guelph in Ontario. A closer look, however, reveals a much different story, he said. “To put it in stark terms: The diet is killing us.”

          Even critics of processed food acknowledge that there are multiple factors in the rise of obesity, including genetics, urbanization, growing incomes and more sedentary lives. Nestlé executives say their products have helped alleviate hunger, provided crucial nutrients, and that the company has squeezed salt, fat and sugar from thousands of items to make them healthier. But Sean Westcott, head of food research and development at Nestlé, conceded obesity has been an unexpected side effect of making inexpensive processed food more widely available.

          “We didn’t expect what the impact would be,” he said.

          Part of the problem, he added, is a natural tendency for people to overeat as they can afford more food. Nestlé, he said, strives to educate consumers about proper portion size and to make and market foods that balance “pleasure and nutrition.”

          There are now more than 700 million obese people worldwide, 108 million of them children, according to research published recently in The New England Journal of Medicine. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in 73 countries since 1980, contributing to four million premature deaths, the study found. 

                                                                                   By ANDREW JACOBS and MATT RICHTEL

                                                      The New York Times SEPT. 16, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com

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