Questões: Universidade de Pernambuco — com gabarito

Observe a charge a seguir:

Fonte: disponível em http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/galeria/charge/i_charge200006.shtm

O objetivo principal do Projeto Genoma Humano (PGH) é compreender como os genes funcionam nos estados de normalidade e doença. Sobre isso, leia com atenção as afirmativas a seguir:

I. A constituição genética humana é a expressão de um programa genético escrito na química do DNA, pois o genótipo é dinâmico e surge da interação do fenótipo com o infinitamente complexo ambiente.

II. Muitas mutações deletérias podem não ser determinantes por si sós de uma patologia. Outros fatores, como interação gênica, epigenética e ambiental, podem modular a expressão dos genes.

III. O mapeamento que mostra as predisposições genéticas de um indivíduo adquirir doenças não deve se tornar de domínio público, para evitar que a discriminação feita com base no genoma chegue ao mercado de trabalho.

IV. O mapeamento genético para a detecção de doenças é suficiente para prever as consequências sociais, pois diagnóstico e técnicas terapêuticas estão sempre ajustados.

V. Os seres humanos de qualquer região do planeta são idênticos geneticamente, no entanto a adaptação de longo prazo aos mais diversos ambientes criou perfis variados de resistência ou suscetibilidade a doenças.

Estão CORRETAS apenas

Leia os textos 6, 7 e 8 e complete as lacunas com verbos auxiliares modais. Atenção para o contexto e o uso da língua, conforme a gramática.

Text 3

CHIANG MAI, THAILAND

Care for Elephants

Asian elephants face many threats – especially loss of habitat due to encroaching development, which can lead to conflict with humans. Today the elephant population in Thailand is estimated at only 3,000 to 4,000. Lend a hand with the least fortune of these animals at the Elephant Nature Park outside Chiang Mai. As a sanctuary for orphaned and disabled elephants, some of which have been abused as work animals, the center invites visitors to help feed and bathe the gentle giants, as well as assist with general maintenance around the park.[…]

Text 4

SOUTH DAKOTA

Explore the Badlands

Over the past half million years, erosion has sculpted sediment deposited by the ancient sea that once stretched across the Great Plains into buttes, spires, and pinnacle formations, leaving us the Badlands. Named by the Lakota for its unwelcoming terrain that they believed was riddled with the remains of a mythological horned serpent, the striking landscape inspires awe among visitors today, especially during the magic hours of sunrise and sunset, and under a full moon.[…] 

Text 5

COSTA RICA

Rescue Sea Turtles

Commercial fishing, coastal development, humans harvesting eggs, marine debris, oil spills: The threats to sea turtles are staggering. Only an estimated one in 1,000 to 10,000 survives to adulthood, which is why conservationists around the world depend on volunteers to give these primordial creatures the best shot possible. Help conduct nightly patrols along the black-sand beaches of Tortuguero National Park on Costa Rica’s Caribbean coast, one of the most important nesting sites in the Western Hemisphere.[…] 

(In: Places That Will Change Your Life. Produced by National Geographic Partners, Washington, DC: 2016. Adaptado.)

Text 3

CHIANG MAI, THAILAND

Care for Elephants

Asian elephants face many threats – especially loss of habitat due to encroaching development, which can lead to conflict with humans. Today the elephant population in Thailand is estimated at only 3,000 to 4,000. Lend a hand with the least fortune of these animals at the Elephant Nature Park outside Chiang Mai. As a sanctuary for orphaned and disabled elephants, some of which have been abused as work animals, the center invites visitors to help feed and bathe the gentle giants, as well as assist with general maintenance around the park.[…]

Text 4

SOUTH DAKOTA

Explore the Badlands

Over the past half million years, erosion has sculpted sediment deposited by the ancient sea that once stretched across the Great Plains into buttes, spires, and pinnacle formations, leaving us the Badlands. Named by the Lakota for its unwelcoming terrain that they believed was riddled with the remains of a mythological horned serpent, the striking landscape inspires awe among visitors today, especially during the magic hours of sunrise and sunset, and under a full moon.[…] 

Text 5

COSTA RICA

Rescue Sea Turtles

Commercial fishing, coastal development, humans harvesting eggs, marine debris, oil spills: The threats to sea turtles are staggering. Only an estimated one in 1,000 to 10,000 survives to adulthood, which is why conservationists around the world depend on volunteers to give these primordial creatures the best shot possible. Help conduct nightly patrols along the black-sand beaches of Tortuguero National Park on Costa Rica’s Caribbean coast, one of the most important nesting sites in the Western Hemisphere.[…] 

(In: Places That Will Change Your Life. Produced by National Geographic Partners, Washington, DC: 2016. Adaptado.)

     Countries band together to promote trade, defend human rights, protect the environment and repel threats. They sign treaties and join international groups, and each time they do, they give up a bit of independence. That happened in a big way with the creation of the European Union, a freetrade zone and global political force forged from the fractious states of Europe. The question always was, could this extraordinary experiment hold together? Faced with the choice in a June 23 referendum, the U.K. shocked the world by voting to leave the bloc it joined in 1973. The way many Britons saw it, the trade-offs they'd made to be part of the club — notably control over immigration — no longer served their interests. They chose what's become known as Brexit. 

     Voters supported the split by 52 percent to 48 percent after a rancorous 10-week campaign that divided the nation. The result prompted Prime Minister David Cameron, who had pushed for the U.K. to remain in the 28-nation bloc, to say he'll resign by October. The vote jolted financial markets, sending the U.K. currency tumbling. As the vote plunged the country into political turmoil, Scotland's devolved government paved the way for a second referendum on breaking away so it can remain part of the EU. The U.K. will have two years to negotiate the terms of an exit once it takes the legal steps to leave the bloc, with talks to unwind agreements in areas as diverse as fishing quotas, financial services and health and safety standards. Cameron had warned that a withdrawal would trigger a recession and a decade of uncertainty for jobs, trade and the broader economy. Advocates of a split, including the country’s leading tabloid newspapers, want Britain to regain control of its borders, laws and finances. Because the free movement of citizens is a basic tenet of EU law, leaving the bloc is the only sure way to stem a larger-than-expected influx of immigrants. Young voters were keen to remain in the EU, while older ones preferred to leave.

(In: http://www.bloomberg.com/quicktake/will-uk-leave-eu. Adaptado)