Questões: Centro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió - Centro Universitário — com gabarito

Estou farto do lirismo comedido

Do lirismo bem comportado

Do lirismo funcionário público com livro de ponto expediente, protocolo e manifestações de apreço ao Sr. Diretor [...]

Estou farto do lirismo namorador

Político,

Raquítico, Sifilítico.

Segundo Afrânio Coutinho, o fragmento “Notas de Teoria literária”:

“A ficção distingue-se de história e da biografia, por estas serem narrativas de fatos reais. A ficção é produto da imaginação criadora, embora, como toda arte, suas raízes mergulhem na experiência humana. Mas o que a distingue das outras formas de narrativa é que ela é uma transfiguração ou transmutação da realidade, feita pelo espírito do artista, este imprevisível e inesgotável laboratório. A ficção não pretende fornecer um simples retrato da realidade, mas antes criar uma imagem da realidade, uma reinterpretação, uma revisão. É o espetáculo da vida através do olhar interpretativo do artista, a interpretação artística da realidade”.

(Afrânio Coutinho. Notas de Teoria Literária).

O fragmento apresentado acima confirma a concepção de que a narrativa de ficção, embora tenha origem na experiência real, seja uma transfiguração da realidade, a exemplo das seguintes criações do Romance brasileiro:

1) Machado de Assis, em Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, que dá voz a um defunto, que narra, logo no primeiro capítulo, os pormenores de sua morte.

2) Graciliano Ramos, em Vidas Secas, que pretendendo manter indícios do Simbolismo, afastou-se dos princípios literários românticos.

3) Guimarães Rosa, em Grande Sertão Veredas, que optou por transfigurar não apenas traços da realidade, mas entrou pela área linguística e a reinterpretou também.

4) Clarice Lispector, em A hora da Estrela, que, fiel à ficção, questiona sua própria habilidade para compor uma narração no gênero ‘romance’.

Estão corretas

Leia um trecho de um poema de Olavo Bilac.

“Torce, aprimora, alteia, lima

A frase; e enfim,

No verso de ouro engasta a rima,

Como um rubim.

Quero que a estrofe cristalina

Dobrada ao jeito

Do ourives, saia da oficina

Sem um defeito”. 

Olavo Bilac

Os versos de Olavo Bilac, transcritos acima, representam o ideal literário do: 

Jane has been told to

Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

The research conducted showed that

Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

In “Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression…” may expresses:

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Disponivel em: <https://caveviews.blogs.com/cave_news/2010/08/webmdeffect.html>. Acessado em 19 de outubro de 2019.

The patient’s assertion

Para a Época Moderna, o conceito de burocracia – entendido como a estrutura político-administrativa do Estado – pode ser útil para compreender o fortalecimento das monarquias europeias. Com a Dinastia dos Habsburgos, o Estado moderno espanhol ficou conhecido, entre os historiadores, como “governo de papel”, e Felipe II, como “rei papeleiro”, pois

Os países industrializados capitalistas, no século XIX, dominaram territórios e populações na África e na Ásia, com o objetivo de ampliar os mercados consumidores e explorar matérias-primas. Este processo ficou conhecido como Imperialismo. Neste mesmo período, foi possível verificar o desenvolvimento de várias áreas da Ciência, uma vez que

As políticas econômicas neoliberais aplicadas em países como Chile, Reino Unido e Estados Unidos, nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, serviram para a realização, em 1989, do Consenso de Washington, que preconizou uma série de medidas a serem adotadas por países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Entre as diretrizes, definidas no Consenso é possível destacar:

Os Tupis designavam Tapuias aos povos indígenas que não falavam sua língua, ou não compartilhavam sua cultura, caso dos povos de tronco linguístico Macro-Jê, também chamados pelos portugueses de “gente Bárbara”.

Sobre essa percepção dos Tupis acerca dos povos Macro-Jê, pode-se afirmar que:

A quase completa ocupação das terras litorâneas do Brasil, para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, pode ser considerada como uma das principais motivações para que a atividade pecuária, no século XVIII, se expandisse pelas terras mais longínquas dos Sertões.

Dentre os desdobramentos dessa ocupação, é possível salientar: