Questões: Centro universitário FAG — com gabarito

Bilingual education in the 21st century must face the complexity brought about by the freer movement of people, services, and goods that characterizes our more globalized and technological world. In the second half of the 20th century, bilingual education grew around the world as a way to educate children who didn't speak the state's language or, in some cases, to recapture the heritage language of a group. This in itself was an innovation over the use of bilingual education only to educate the children of the elite.

In the 21st century, however, the complex and dynamic links created by technology and globalized markets, coupled with the importance of English and other “big” languages, challenge our old conceptions of bilingual education. UNESCO in 1953 declared that it was axiomatic that the child's native language be used to teach children to read, but basic literacy, even in one's own language, is insufficient to be a world citizen in the 21st century.

It has been predicted that by 2050, English will be accompanied by Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Urdu, as the world's big languages, ordered not only with English at the top as it has been up to now, but with an increasing role for the other four “big” languages. Countries throughout the world are providing options to their children to be schooled in two or more languages. The European Union, for example, has recently adopted a policy of “Mother Tongue + 2” encouraging schools throughout the EU to develop children's trilingual proficiency. For those purposes, a model of teaching is being promoted that encourages the use of the languages other than the child's mother tongue in subject instruction. Ofelia Garcia is Professor of Bilingual Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Disponível em:< http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2004/december/html/Spot-BilingualEducationForThe21stCentury.htm>. 

“Cerca de 100.000 casas continuam sem energia em Portugal após a passagem do furacão Leslie, durante a madrugada de domingo (14/10), que afetou especialmente o centro do país e deixou 28 pessoas feridas e 61 desalojadas”.

https://veja.abril.com.br/mundo/cerca-de-100-000-casas-continuam-sem-energia-em-portugal-apos-furacao/

“O furacão Michael foi rebaixado para tempestade tropical nesta quinta-feira 11/10 depois de provocar pelo menos duas mortes e destruir casas na região noroeste da Flórida, nos Estados Unidos. Para as autoridades locais, esta foi a tempestade mais violenta a atingir o estado em muitos anos”.

I - A poluição consiste na alteração das características físicas, químicas e/ou biológicas da atmosfera, litosfera ou hidrosfera que pode acarretar prejuízos à sobrevivência de espécies.

II - Como única espécie racional, a espécie humana sempre resolve através de estudos e pesquisas, os problemas relacionados às questões ambientais.

III - O ciclo hidrológico é o principal responsável pela manutenção da qualidade da água dos mananciais.

IV - A aplicação de inseticidas e herbicidas encontra-se diretamente relacionada a doenças como câncer, tão frequentes nos dias de hoje.

I. O nível atômico surgiu no centro da terra com a formação de átomos, como o Hidrogênio e o Enxofre, que se combinaram para formar H‚S, fonte de energia para as Arqueobactérias, seres de origem mais primitiva dentre toda a diversidade de seres vivos.

II. O esqueleto interno é uma estrutura mais primitiva que o exoesqueleto, já que estava presente nos primeiros seres multicelulares.

III. Os sistemas fotossintetizantes mais primitivos foram originados nas cianobactérias, organismos cuja origem remonta a cerca de 3,5 bilhões de anos e é, possivelmente, evidenciada por fósseis denominados estromatólitos (fósseis de estruturas biossedimentares litificadas, secretadas pelas cianobactérias). Estas evidências não são amplamente aceitas, sendo assunto considerado controvertido.

Assinale o correto.

Brazilian courts tussle over unproven cancer treatment

Patients demand access to compound despite lack of clinical testing. A court in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has cut off distribution of a compound that is hailed by some as a miracle cancer cure — even though it has never been formally tested in humans. On 11 November, to the relief of many cancer researchers, a state court overturned earlier court orders that had obliged the nation’s largest university to provide the compound to hundreds of people with terminal cancer.

The compound, phosphoethanolamine, has been shown to kill tumor cells only in lab dishes and in mice (A. K. Ferreira et al. Anticancer Res. 32, 95–104; 2012). Drugs that seem promising in lab and animal studies have a notoriously high failure rate in human trials. Despite this, some chemists at the University of São Paulo’s campus in São Carlos have manufactured the compound for years and distributed it to people with cancer. A few of those patients have claimed remarkable recoveries, perpetuating the compound’s reputation as a miracle cure.

The Brazilian constitution guarantees universal access to health care, and it is common in Brazil for patients to turn to the courts to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense because of their cost. But phosphoethanolamine presents a different situation because it is not really a ‘drug’ at all. It is not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.

Those who argue that people who are terminally ill have a right to try experimental medicines saw a decision in favor of a patient in October 2015 as a significant victory. But to the university administration, drug regulators and cancer researchers, it showed blatant disregard for the basic scientific principle that a drug should be demonstrated to be safe and effective before being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.

Brazilian courts tussle over unproven cancer treatment

Patients demand access to compound despite lack of clinical testing. A court in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has cut off distribution of a compound that is hailed by some as a miracle cancer cure — even though it has never been formally tested in humans. On 11 November, to the relief of many cancer researchers, a state court overturned earlier court orders that had obliged the nation’s largest university to provide the compound to hundreds of people with terminal cancer.

The compound, phosphoethanolamine, has been shown to kill tumor cells only in lab dishes and in mice (A. K. Ferreira et al. Anticancer Res. 32, 95–104; 2012). Drugs that seem promising in lab and animal studies have a notoriously high failure rate in human trials. Despite this, some chemists at the University of São Paulo’s campus in São Carlos have manufactured the compound for years and distributed it to people with cancer. A few of those patients have claimed remarkable recoveries, perpetuating the compound’s reputation as a miracle cure.

The Brazilian constitution guarantees universal access to health care, and it is common in Brazil for patients to turn to the courts to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense because of their cost. But phosphoethanolamine presents a different situation because it is not really a ‘drug’ at all. It is not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.

Those who argue that people who are terminally ill have a right to try experimental medicines saw a decision in favor of a patient in October 2015 as a significant victory. But to the university administration, drug regulators and cancer researchers, it showed blatant disregard for the basic scientific principle that a drug should be demonstrated to be safe and effective before being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.

Brazilian courts tussle over unproven cancer treatment

Patients demand access to compound despite lack of clinical testing. A court in the Brazilian state of São Paulo has cut off distribution of a compound that is hailed by some as a miracle cancer cure — even though it has never been formally tested in humans. On 11 November, to the relief of many cancer researchers, a state court overturned earlier court orders that had obliged the nation’s largest university to provide the compound to hundreds of people with terminal cancer.

The compound, phosphoethanolamine, has been shown to kill tumor cells only in lab dishes and in mice (A. K. Ferreira et al. Anticancer Res. 32, 95–104; 2012). Drugs that seem promising in lab and animal studies have a notoriously high failure rate in human trials. Despite this, some chemists at the University of São Paulo’s campus in São Carlos have manufactured the compound for years and distributed it to people with cancer. A few of those patients have claimed remarkable recoveries, perpetuating the compound’s reputation as a miracle cure.

The Brazilian constitution guarantees universal access to health care, and it is common in Brazil for patients to turn to the courts to access drugs that the state healthcare system does not dispense because of their cost. But phosphoethanolamine presents a different situation because it is not really a ‘drug’ at all. It is not approved by Brazil’s National Health Surveillance Agency.

Those who argue that people who are terminally ill have a right to try experimental medicines saw a decision in favor of a patient in October 2015 as a significant victory. But to the university administration, drug regulators and cancer researchers, it showed blatant disregard for the basic scientific principle that a drug should be demonstrated to be safe and effective before being given to patients outside of a clinical trial.

Sejam A e B subconjuntos finitos de um mesmo conjunto X, tais que n(B - A), n(A - B) e n(A ∩ B) formam, nesta ordem, uma progressão aritmética de razão r > 0. Sabendo que n(B - A) = 4 e n(A U B) + r = 64, então, n(A - B) é igual a

Text 2 - How to Tell if Your Sunscreen Protects You From the Sun - Here’s what you need to know.

    Don’t go overboard with the SPF. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using an SPF of at least 30, but most experts agree to not go over 50. It’s not that a higher SPF doesn’t provide any more protection, but once you get above 50, that increase is negligible. Case in point: SPF 50 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 100 blocks about 99%.

    But most sunscreen users don’t think about that; rather, they see a number that’s twice as high and assume they’ll get twice as much protection or that the protection will last twice as long, which cultivates a false sense of security that could lead to a bad burn. “SPF values above 50 are really misleading,” Lunder says. “They offer a very small increase in sunburn [UVB] protection, and they don't offer better UVA protection.” She says that the FDA is considering a rule to cap SPF values at 50, but nothing has been finalized.

    And then there’s the fact that, although the increase in SPF doesn’t add much protection, it could increase your chances of negative side effects from the ingredients. “We do not recommend SPF of 50 or higher, as the minimal added protection does not outweigh the exponentially more active ingredients required to do so,” Chris Birchby, the founder of the sun-care line Coola, tells Teen Vogue. “More active ingredients increase the chances of skin irritation.”

http://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-to-tell-if-sunscreen-protects-you-from-the-sun

“ Autism affects one in 45 children in the United States, almost twice the rate from a few years ago, said a survey Friday that uses a new approach to assess the frequency of the developmental disorder. The latest figures may reflect a more accurate picture of autism spectrum disorder, said the report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics, and so does not necessarily mean that there is a ballooning autism epidemic.

In fact, the study found that while autism spectrum diagnoses are more frequent than in the past, the overall number of people affected by neurodevelopment problems has not risen, but has remained steady over time. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability that may cause a person to have difficulty behaving, learning, communicating and interacting with people. It is believed to be influenced by genetic and environmental factors, though scientists do not fully understand all its causes.”

( ) Os tsunamis são ondas gigantes ocasionadas pelo deslizamento costeiro ou marítimo, ou por erupções vulcânicas. No ano de 2004, foi registrado no Oceano Índico alto índice de mortes provocado por esse fenômeno.

( ) Os terremotos são vibrações das camadas da crosta da Terra produzidas pelo tremor e oriundas de fenômenos tectônicos ou vulcânicos. Esses fenômenos ocorrem quando as placas tectônicas entram em processo de choque ou acomodação.

( ) As vibrações causadas pelos terremotos são produzidas por ondas longitudinais e transversais, podendo ser consideradas fracas aquelas que não são notadas pelo homem, sendo, porém, registradas pelos sismógrafos.

( ) O alto risco de incidência de terremotos no Japão dá-se pela sua localização em uma região de encontro de placas tectônicas continentais e oceânicas e pelo fato de a região conter várias falhas geológicas, além de inúmeros vulcões.

( ) Se comparados aos que ocorrem no Japão e na Califórnia, os abalos sísmicos no Brasil são de menor intensidade; esse fenômeno pode ser explicado pela situação geológica do país, que dificulta ocorrências de maior proporção.

Mais de 300 pessoas morreram devido a dois atentados com caminhões-bomba em Mogadíscio, disse uma autoridade da Somália, enquanto moradores lotavam os hospitais em busca de amigos e parentes atingidos pelo pior ataque cometido no país em uma década.

O saldo de mortes vem aumentando continuamente desde sábado, quando ocorreram as duas detonações --que até a manhã desta segunda-feira nenhuma organização havia reivindicado— em dois cruzamentos movimentados do centro da cidade[...] https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/reuters/2017/10/16

O movimento “O Sul é o meu país” realizou neste sábado (7) consulta pública sem valor legal sobre a separação de Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul do restante do Brasil. Os organizadores afirmaram que dois terços dos municípios da região tiveram registro de votações (cerca de 800 cidades de um total de 1.191).

http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/