Prova de 2024: Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU-MG) — questões com gabarito

Read Text 1 and Text 2 below.

Text 1

Most animals can regenerate some parts of their bodies, such as skin. But when a three-banded panther worm is cut into three pieces, each piece grows into a new worm. Researchers are investigating this feat partly to learn more about humans’ comparatively limited abilities to regenerate, and they’re making exciting progress. An especially promising discovery is that both humans and panther worms have a gene for early growth response (EGR) linked to regeneration.

Text 2

When Mansi Srivastava and her team reported that panther worms, like humans, possess a gene for EGR, it caused excitement. However, as the team pointed out, the gene likely functions very differently in humans than it does in panther worms. Srivastava has likened EGR to a switch that activates other genes involved in regeneration in panther worms, but how this switch operates in humans remains unclear.

Disponível em: http://satsuite.collegeboard.org. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

After you have read both texts, it is possible to state that 

    Some researchers studying Indigenous actors and filmmakers in the United States have turned their attention to the early days of cinema, particularly the 1910s and 1920s, when people like James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr (known professionally as Red Wing) were involved in one way or another with numerous films. In fact, so many films and associated records for this era have been lost that counts of those four figures’ output should be taken as bare minimums rather than totals.

    The chart below represents credited film output of James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr. 

Disponível em: http://satsuite.collegeboard.org. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

    Based on this text and on the data provided in the chart, it is possible to state, for example, that

Concertgoers wear haptic suits created for the deaf by Music: Not Impossible, during an outdoor concert at Lincoln Center in New York City on July 22, 2023. Angela Weiss—AFP/Getty Images

Feeling the Beats

Music: Not Impossible

By John Mihaly

    The Music: Not Impossible haptic suit—a wearable backpack that weighs a couple pounds, with wrist and ankle attachments—translates audio from a concert venue’s mixers and placed microphones into vibrations that allow people who are deaf to feel the music on their skin. From events at Lincoln Center to South x Southwest, Music: Not Impossible has been lending its not-yet-commercially available suits to deaf and hard-of-hearing visitors. “For the deaf, it’s not just about the music; it’s the social aspect,” says Daniel Belquer, the company’s co-founder and “chief vibrational officer.” “To be involved in something larger than themselves, to disappear among the crowd - hearing people take it for granted.”

Disponível em: http://time.com/. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

Sobre a tecnologia descrita no texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que ela 

    In a first, microplastic particles have been linked to heart disease

By Tara Haelle

    Microplastics are everywhere in the environment—and in our bodies. The build-up of these tiny plastic particles in blood vessels is linked to a greater risk of heart attack, stroke, and death, according to a new study. When plaque builds up in arteries—a disease called atherosclerosis—the thicker vessel walls reduce blood flow to parts of the body, raising the risk of strokes, angina, and heart attack. The plaques are typically a mixture of cholesterol, fatty substances, waste from cells, calcium, and a blood clotting protein called fibrin. The new study now focuses on some 300 people with atherosclerosis, some of whom also had tiny plastic particles—microplastics and nanoplastics—embedded in plaques in their carotid artery, a major blood vessel in the neck that provides blood to the brain. The people with plastic-containing plaques were more than four times more likely to have a heart attack or stroke or to die from any cause over the next three years, according to the research published on March 7 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Disponível em: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/. Acesso em: 11 Abr. 2024.

According to the text, what can be said about microplastic particles? 

    At the University of Tokyo, researchers have bioengineered a robotic finger that is covered in human skin, which is water-repellent and self-healing. Using human skin cells, scientists have successfully created a robotic finger that replicates the real look and feel of human skin. This bioengineered skin was found to be water repellent and self-repairing when harmed with minor abrasions and wounds. The skin's ability to repair itself when injured replicates living organisms' skin. In the recently published journal, the scientists explained that the bioengineered skin was created by first using a mixture of collagen and human dermal fibroblasts. The robotic finger is then submerged into the skin solution to give the body part the realistic look of skin. Shoji Takeuchi, a tissue engineer and lead author of this study, expressed his belief that "living skin is the ultimate solution to give robots the look and touch of living creatures since it is exactly the same material that covers animal bodies." Takeuchi and his colleagues believe that their biohybrid invention could help to create realistic-looking robots that work within the medical care and service industry. The humanlike appearance of these robots is an important piece in ensuring that robots appear approachable. Although the first version of the skin is much weaker than our natural skin and is not able to survive without nutrient baths and waste removal, Professor Takeuchi and his team are hopeful about their research. They plan to address their current issues as well as add in more complex features like sensory neurons, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

Disponível em: https://www.discovery.com/. Acesso em: 18 Fev. 2024.

Considering this text on robots and bioengineering, it is INCORRECT to state that

    Comic strips are art works with texts aiming to produce some effect of humor. Usually humor results from the interaction of text and image and is based on play on words, exaggerations, contradictions, or verbal metaphors.

Drabble by Kevin Fagan for June 10, 2010. Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/. Acesso em: 10 Jan. 2024.

Considering this comic strip above, it is correct to state that the effect of humor resulted from

    Large earthquakes are always followed by aftershocks – a series of smaller but still potentially damaging quakes produced as the ground readjusts. But how long does it take for the aftershocks to die out? A new study suggests some areas can experience aftershocks decades or even centuries after the original earthquake. In earthquake-prone areas it is hard to tell the difference between aftershocks and ordinary background seismicity. But recognizing aftershocks is an important part of assessing a region’s disaster risk. To understand how long aftershocks can persist, researchers turned to the stable continental interior of North America, where earthquakes are uncommon. Using statistical analysis, they assessed the timing and clustering of quakes that followed three large magnitude 6.5 to 8 historical earthquakes: one near south-east Quebec in Canada in 1663; a trio of quakes around the Missouri-Kentucky border from 1811 to 1812; and an earthquake in Charleston in South Carolina in 1886. Their results, published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, suggest that the Quebec quake in 1663 has likely shaken itself out, but to their surprise nearly a third of modern quakes in the Missouri-Kentucky area were most likely to be aftershocks from the 1811-12 event, and about 16% of recent quakes in the Charleston region are probably aftershocks from the 1886 quake.

Disponível em: http://www.theguardian.com/. Acesso em: 4 Fev. 2024.

Tome como base o texto acima e analise as asserções abaixo.

I. Terremotos são sempre seguidos de tremores secundários de menor impacto.

II. Cientistas acreditam que até hoje são sentidos efeitos do terremoto de Quebec de 1663.

III. Abalos sísmicos secundários podem ocorrer até mesmo séculos depois do principal.

IV. Em áreas sísmicas, fica difícil distinguir abalos secundários de simples tremores comuns.

V. É pouco provável que terremotos perto de Charleston estejam relacionados com o de 1886.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas asserções corretas.

    These graphs below represent what fourth grade students in different U.S. schools think are humanity’s biggest problems, as published by The New York Times Learning Network.

Disponível em: http://www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 17 Mar. 2024.

According to the graphs, it is possible to infer that 

I. most children believe people should not be homeless.

II. children think money is more important than world hunger.

III. fourth graders feel adults are not leading the world well.

IV. climate change is a bigger issue in comparison to war.

V. bullying is considered one of the biggest problems in schools.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta apenas asserções corretas.