Prova de 2011: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) — questões com gabarito

Observe a figura.

Mapa da Mesopotâmia

É o mapa mais antigo que sobreviveu até hoje, foi encontrado na região da Mesopotâmia e representa o mapa de Ga-Sur. Desenhado por volta de 2300 a.C., em um tablete de argila cozida, medindo 7 centímetros, tão pequeno que cabe na palma da mão, ele representa o rio Eufrates cercado por montanhas.

(Ceurio de Oliveira. Cartografia Histórica, 2000. Adaptado.)

A indicação do mapa e o texto demonstram que essa região histórica e geográfica está, hoje, localizada

No Rio de Janeiro, é recuperada, desde o início deste mês, uma das mais importantes obras de arte do Brasil. Os painéis Guerra e Paz, do pintor Cândido Portinari, são compostos de duas imensas pinturas a óleo sobre madeira compensada que totalizam 280 metros quadrados. Finalizadas em 1956, as pinturas foram doadas no ano seguinte à Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), em Nova Iorque, para que o mundo apreciasse o significado da paz, segundo o compreendia o artista. No local, é possível observar também objetos pessoais do pintor, seus pincéis, óculos, blocos de rascunhos, cartas e documentos. Essas foram ferramentas utilizadas por Portinari para representar seu engajamento na luta mundial pela pacificação entre as nações. Guerra e Paz é fruto de um século massacrado por dois conflitos mundiais.

(Carta Capital, 23.02.2011. Adaptado.)

Essas pinturas foram finalizadas e doadas à ONU durante

A tela de Rodolfo Amoedo mostra a morte de Aimberê, líder da Confederação dos Tamoios (1554-1567), revolta indígena contra a escravização. A pintura foi realizada mais de três séculos depois e pode ser entendida como um esforço de

O fim último, causa final e desígnio dos homens (...), ao introduzir aquela restrição sobre si mesmos sob a qual os vemos viver nos Estados, é o cuidado com sua própria conservação e com uma vida mais satisfeita. Quer dizer, o desejo de sair daquela mísera condição de guerra que é a consequência necessária (...) das paixões naturais dos homens, quando não há um poder visível capaz de os manter em respeito, forçando-os, por medo do castigo, ao cumprimento de seus pactos (...).

(Thomas Hobbes. Leviatã, 1651. In: Os pensadores, 1983.)

De acordo com o texto,

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder à questão.

      I started to run because I felt desperately unfit. But the biggest pay-off for me was – and still is – the deep relaxation that I achieve by taking exercise. It tires me out but I find that it does calm me down. When I started running seven years ago, I could manage only 400 meters before I had to stop. Breathless and aching, I walked the next quarter of a mile, alternating these two activities for a couple of kilometers.

      When I started to jog I never dreamt of running in a marathon, but a few years later I realized that if I trained for it, the London Marathon, one of the biggest British sporting events, would be within my reach. My story shows that an unfit 39-year-old, as I was when I started running, who had taken no serious exercise for twenty years, can do the marathon – and that this is a sport in which women can beat men. But is it crazy to do it? Does it make sense to run in the expectation of becoming healthier?

      My advice is: if you are under forty, healthy and feel well, you can begin as I did by jogging gently until you are out of breath, then walking, and alternating the two for about three kilometers. Build up the jogging in stages until you can do the whole distance comfortably.

                                          (Headway Intermediate – Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. Adaptado.)

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder à questão.

      I started to run because I felt desperately unfit. But the biggest pay-off for me was – and still is – the deep relaxation that I achieve by taking exercise. It tires me out but I find that it does calm me down. When I started running seven years ago, I could manage only 400 meters before I had to stop. Breathless and aching, I walked the next quarter of a mile, alternating these two activities for a couple of kilometers.

      When I started to jog I never dreamt of running in a marathon, but a few years later I realized that if I trained for it, the London Marathon, one of the biggest British sporting events, would be within my reach. My story shows that an unfit 39-year-old, as I was when I started running, who had taken no serious exercise for twenty years, can do the marathon – and that this is a sport in which women can beat men. But is it crazy to do it? Does it make sense to run in the expectation of becoming healthier?

      My advice is: if you are under forty, healthy and feel well, you can begin as I did by jogging gently until you are out of breath, then walking, and alternating the two for about three kilometers. Build up the jogging in stages until you can do the whole distance comfortably.

                                          (Headway Intermediate – Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. Adaptado.)

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder à questão.

      I started to run because I felt desperately unfit. But the biggest pay-off for me was – and still is – the deep relaxation that I achieve by taking exercise. It tires me out but I find that it does calm me down. When I started running seven years ago, I could manage only 400 meters before I had to stop. Breathless and aching, I walked the next quarter of a mile, alternating these two activities for a couple of kilometers.

      When I started to jog I never dreamt of running in a marathon, but a few years later I realized that if I trained for it, the London Marathon, one of the biggest British sporting events, would be within my reach. My story shows that an unfit 39-year-old, as I was when I started running, who had taken no serious exercise for twenty years, can do the marathon – and that this is a sport in which women can beat men. But is it crazy to do it? Does it make sense to run in the expectation of becoming healthier?

      My advice is: if you are under forty, healthy and feel well, you can begin as I did by jogging gently until you are out of breath, then walking, and alternating the two for about three kilometers. Build up the jogging in stages until you can do the whole distance comfortably.

                                          (Headway Intermediate – Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. Adaptado.)

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder à questão.

      I started to run because I felt desperately unfit. But the biggest pay-off for me was – and still is – the deep relaxation that I achieve by taking exercise. It tires me out but I find that it does calm me down. When I started running seven years ago, I could manage only 400 meters before I had to stop. Breathless and aching, I walked the next quarter of a mile, alternating these two activities for a couple of kilometers.

      When I started to jog I never dreamt of running in a marathon, but a few years later I realized that if I trained for it, the London Marathon, one of the biggest British sporting events, would be within my reach. My story shows that an unfit 39-year-old, as I was when I started running, who had taken no serious exercise for twenty years, can do the marathon – and that this is a sport in which women can beat men. But is it crazy to do it? Does it make sense to run in the expectation of becoming healthier?

      My advice is: if you are under forty, healthy and feel well, you can begin as I did by jogging gently until you are out of breath, then walking, and alternating the two for about three kilometers. Build up the jogging in stages until you can do the whole distance comfortably.

                                          (Headway Intermediate – Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. Adaptado.)

Instrução: Leia o texto para responder à questão.

      I started to run because I felt desperately unfit. But the biggest pay-off for me was – and still is – the deep relaxation that I achieve by taking exercise. It tires me out but I find that it does calm me down. When I started running seven years ago, I could manage only 400 meters before I had to stop. Breathless and aching, I walked the next quarter of a mile, alternating these two activities for a couple of kilometers.

      When I started to jog I never dreamt of running in a marathon, but a few years later I realized that if I trained for it, the London Marathon, one of the biggest British sporting events, would be within my reach. My story shows that an unfit 39-year-old, as I was when I started running, who had taken no serious exercise for twenty years, can do the marathon – and that this is a sport in which women can beat men. But is it crazy to do it? Does it make sense to run in the expectation of becoming healthier?

      My advice is: if you are under forty, healthy and feel well, you can begin as I did by jogging gently until you are out of breath, then walking, and alternating the two for about three kilometers. Build up the jogging in stages until you can do the whole distance comfortably.

                                          (Headway Intermediate – Student’s Book. Oxford University Press. Adaptado.)