Prova de 2010: Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) — questões com gabarito

                         Erradicar a pobreza nas metrópoles

            Vamos nos colocar uma meta: erradicar a pobreza nas metrópoles brasileiras em 8 anos.
            Seria isso possível? Se reunirmos condições políticas para tanto, como poderia ser feito?
            Pobreza é, antes de tudo, a impossibilidade de decidir sobre sua própria vida. Neste sentido, erradicar a pobreza é incluir nas decisões públicas os pobres, suas representações coletivas, e descentralizar e democratizar radicalmente as instâncias públicas de decisão.
            Pobreza é também a privação de direitos sociais. Para garantir a satisfação de necessidades básicas de todo cidadão, estamos falando de segurança alimentar, trabalho, moradia, saneamento básico, mobilidade, saúde, educação, cultura, esportes e lazer. O foco central deve ser a busca da redução das desigualdades. Portanto, a ênfase é atender com qualidade os que até então não tenham acesso a esses direitos.
            O objetivo maior é a reapropriação da gestão das metrópoles por seus cidadãos. Por meio desta reapropriação se mobilizam recursos e se reorientam as políticas públicas para priorizar a redução das desigualdades.
            [...]
            Este projeto de erradicação da pobreza equivale à realização de um novo pacto social, com caráter redistributivo, a exemplo do que muitos países fizeram no século XX. O Estado do Bem-Estar Social era isso, o resultado de um novo pacto, feito sob pressão dos movimentos sociais europeus e da ameaça constituída pelo bloco socialista.
             A magnitude do desafio de erradicar a pobreza e as exigências de novos paradigmas para a vida em sociedade abrem novas possibilidades, como a de convocar um grande mutirão da sociedade, empregando os desempregados, especialmente os jovens, para produzir uma ?economia verde? com planejamento e financiamento públicos: a execução a cargo da iniciativa privada; a fiscalização e o controle dos entes públicos e da sociedade civil.
             [...]
            Se num programa de erradicação da pobreza nas regiões metropolitanas do Brasil for empregado algo como 1% do PIB, anualmente, em 8 anos serão aproximadamente R$ 280 bilhões. Dinheiro que, se bem empregado, fará uma enorme diferença e muito beneficiará todos os cidadãos e cidadãs, assim como as empresas que se dedicarem a este enorme desafio.

BRAVA, Silvio Caccia. Erradicar a pobreza nas metrópoles. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 25 out. 2010


Nesse texto, a expressão “erradicar” assume o sentido de

                        Sustentável é pouco

Ideias e experiências que vão além do discurso da sustentabilidade

             Enfim, juntou-se um "dream team" do novo urbanismo mundial para dar ideias para São Paulo. Os arquitetos do escritório de Gehl resolveram dedicar-se a transformar a região do Anhangabaú no centro vivo da cidade, um lugar onde a cidade toda se encontraria. Eles passaram semanas observando o jeito como as pessoas se relacionam com o espaço, entendendo o papel de cada um lá: os mendigos, as prostitutas, os policiais, os meninos de rua, os trabalhadores, os executivos, os camelôs. Ao final, eles propuseram um projeto lindo. Fiquei morrendo de vontade de passear pelo novo Anhangabaú.
             Mas provavelmente não vou ter a chance. São Paulo recusou o projeto do dream team dos urbanistas do mundo. As ideias deles servem para Bogotá, Londres, Nova York, Copenhague, Melbourne, mas não para nós.
             Por quê? Por quê São Paulo - e muitas cidades brasileiras - são tão refratárias a ideias inovadoras? [...].
             Em parte é fácil de entender o porquê. Os setores imobiliários e de construção são os maiores financiadores de campanhas eleitorais, tanto à prefeitura quanto à Câmara dos Vereadores. A Associação Imobiliária Brasileira deu dinheiro a 29 dos 55 vereadores em exercício - o suficiente para ganhar com folga qualquer votação em plenário.
            [...]
             Quer entender por que o espaço público tende a ser tão ruim no Brasil? Talvez a resposta esteja nas regras de financiamento de campanhas e no sistema político. Talvez nosso sistema privilegie os candidatos que se preocupam em agradar empreiteiras e incorporadoras, em vez de se especializar em atender as pessoas e tornar a vida delas melhor.


BURGIERMAN, Denis Russo. Sustentável é pouco. Disponível em: http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/denis-russo/cidade/nossas-cidades-nao- mudam/ Acesso em 25 out. 2010.


O uso da expressão “dream team” (Linha 1) entre aspas indica que o autor lança mão explicitamente de recursos linguísticos chamados

Leia as seguintes definições do dicionário Aurélio para a palavra “Especular”:

Especular. Adj. 2 g. 1. Referente a, ou próprio de espelho. 2. Transparente, diáfano. 3. Diz-se de uma superfície refletora. Especular. V. t. d. 1. Examinar com atenção; averiguar minuciosamente; observar; indagar; pesquisar. T. i. 2. Informar-se minuciosamente de algo: Especulou sobre a situação financeira do novo cliente. 3. Valer-se de certa posição, de circunstância, de qualquer coisa, para auferir vantagens; explorar: Há autoridades que especulam com seus cargos. Int. 4. Meditar, raciocinar, refletir, considerar


FERREIRA, Aurélio B. H. Dicionário Aurélio Básico da Língua Portuguesa. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira, 1988, p. 269.

Baseando-se nessas acepções, pode-se dizer, a propósito do conto “Especular”, de Rubem Fonseca, que

             "O homem não passa de um caniço, o mais fraco da natureza, mas é um caniço pensante. Não é preciso que o universo inteiro se arme para esmagá-lo: um vapor, uma gota de água bastam para matá-lo. Mas, mesmo que o universo o esmagasse, o homem seria ainda mais nobre do que quem o mata, porque sabe que morre e a vantagem que o universo tem sobre ele; o universo desconhece tudo isso. Toda a nossa dignidade consiste, pois, no pensamento. Daí que é preciso nos elevarmos, e não do espaço e da duração, que não podemos preencher.Trabalhemos, pois, para bem pensar; eis o princípio da moral. Não é no espaço que devo buscar minha dignidade, mas na ordenação de meu pensamento. Não terei mais, possuindo terras; pelo espaço, o universo me abarca e traga como um ponto; pelo pensamento, eu o abarco".

PASCAL, Blaise. Pensamentos. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1988. (Coleção Os Pensadores, Artigo VI, p. 347 - 348)


No texto apresentado, procure estabelecer as relações de sentido implementadas pelos conectivos destacados. Depois, assinale a alternativa que expressa, respectivamente, as relações adequadas entre as partes do texto.

             "O homem não passa de um caniço, o mais fraco da natureza, mas é um caniço pensante. Não é preciso que o universo inteiro se arme para esmagá-lo: um vapor, uma gota de água bastam para matá-lo. Mas, mesmo que o universo o esmagasse, o homem seria ainda mais nobre do que quem o mata, porque sabe que morre e a vantagem que o universo tem sobre ele; o universo desconhece tudo isso. Toda a nossa dignidade consiste, pois, no pensamento. Daí que é preciso nos elevarmos, e não do espaço e da duração, que não podemos preencher.Trabalhemos, pois, para bem pensar; eis o princípio da moral. Não é no espaço que devo buscar minha dignidade, mas na ordenação de meu pensamento. Não terei mais, possuindo terras; pelo espaço, o universo me abarca e traga como um ponto; pelo pensamento, eu o abarco".

PASCAL, Blaise. Pensamentos. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1988. (Coleção Os Pensadores, Artigo VI, p. 347 - 348)


No texto filosófico apresentado, escrito por Blaise Pascal, o pensador, ao criar a metáfora do caniço pensante, defende qual destas teses?

                         FOR CATS, A BIG GULP WITH A TOUCH OF THE TONGUE

             It has taken four highly qualified engineers and a bunch of integral equations to figure it out, but we now know how cats drink. The answer is: very elegantly, and not at all the way you might suppose. Cats lap water so fast that the human eye cannot follow what is happening, which is why the trick had apparently escaped attention until now. With the use of high-speed photography, the neatness of the feline solution has been captured. The act of drinking may seem like no big deal for anyone who can fully close his mouth to create suction, as people can. But the various species that cannot do so - and that includes most adult carnivores - must resort to some other mechanism. Dog owners are familiar with the unseemly lapping noises that ensue when their thirsty pet meets a bowl of water. The dog is thrusting its tongue into the water, forming a crude cup with it and hauling the liquid back into the muzzle.
             Cats, both big and little, are so much classier, according to new research by Pedro M. Reis and Roman Stocker of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, joined by Sunghwan Jung of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Jeffrey M. Aristoff of Princeton. Writing in the Thursday issue of Science, the four engineers report that the cat’s lapping method depends on its instinctive ability to calculate the balance between opposing gravitational and inertial forces. What happens is that the cat darts its tongue, curving the upper side downward so that the tip lightly touches the surface of the water.
             The tongue is then pulled upward at high speed, drawing a column of water behind it. Just at the moment that gravity finally overcomes the rush of the water and starts to pull the column down - snap! The cat’s jaws have closed over the jet of water and swallowed it. The cat laps four times a second - too fast for the human eye to see anything but a blur - and its tongue moves at a speed of one meter per second. Being engineers, the cat-lapping team next tested its findings with a machine that mimicked a cat’s tongue, using a glass disk at the end of a piston to serve as the tip. After calculating things like the Froude number and the aspect ratio, they were able to figure out how fast a cat should lap to get the greatest amount of water into its mouth. The cats, it turns out, were way ahead of them - they lap at just that speed. To the scientific mind, the next obvious question is whether bigger cats should lap at different speeds.


WADE, Nicholas. For cats, a big gulp with a touch of the tongue. Disponível em: Acesso em: 20 nov. 2010.


The main goal of the scientific text above is to reveal how:

                         FOR CATS, A BIG GULP WITH A TOUCH OF THE TONGUE

             It has taken four highly qualified engineers and a bunch of integral equations to figure it out, but we now know how cats drink. The answer is: very elegantly, and not at all the way you might suppose. Cats lap water so fast that the human eye cannot follow what is happening, which is why the trick had apparently escaped attention until now. With the use of high-speed photography, the neatness of the feline solution has been captured. The act of drinking may seem like no big deal for anyone who can fully close his mouth to create suction, as people can. But the various species that cannot do so - and that includes most adult carnivores - must resort to some other mechanism. Dog owners are familiar with the unseemly lapping noises that ensue when their thirsty pet meets a bowl of water. The dog is thrusting its tongue into the water, forming a crude cup with it and hauling the liquid back into the muzzle.
             Cats, both big and little, are so much classier, according to new research by Pedro M. Reis and Roman Stocker of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, joined by Sunghwan Jung of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Jeffrey M. Aristoff of Princeton. Writing in the Thursday issue of Science, the four engineers report that the cat’s lapping method depends on its instinctive ability to calculate the balance between opposing gravitational and inertial forces. What happens is that the cat darts its tongue, curving the upper side downward so that the tip lightly touches the surface of the water.
             The tongue is then pulled upward at high speed, drawing a column of water behind it. Just at the moment that gravity finally overcomes the rush of the water and starts to pull the column down - snap! The cat’s jaws have closed over the jet of water and swallowed it. The cat laps four times a second - too fast for the human eye to see anything but a blur - and its tongue moves at a speed of one meter per second. Being engineers, the cat-lapping team next tested its findings with a machine that mimicked a cat’s tongue, using a glass disk at the end of a piston to serve as the tip. After calculating things like the Froude number and the aspect ratio, they were able to figure out how fast a cat should lap to get the greatest amount of water into its mouth. The cats, it turns out, were way ahead of them - they lap at just that speed. To the scientific mind, the next obvious question is whether bigger cats should lap at different speeds.


WADE, Nicholas. For cats, a big gulp with a touch of the tongue. Disponível em: Acesso em: 20 nov. 2010.


Qual é o significado do substantivo sublinhado na seguinte oração?

"The neatness of the feline solution has been captured".

Leia o seguinte trecho.

"...The frenzy to collect more of those votes is causing Lula’s left-wing workers party to mull whether to back off its commitment to see abortion rights debated in congress,..."

Dentre as alternativas apresentadas, qual a que melhor traduz para o português as palavras grifadas?

                        ABORTION BECOMES ISSUE IN BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL RUNOFF


             As Brazil's charismatic President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva makes a triumphant exit, having fostered a fast-growing economy that lifted millions out of poverty and pleased financial markets, his country seems more than ever to embody the word "progress" that is emblazoned across its national flag. But as the Oct. 31 run-off election to choose his successor approaches, the focus is shifting to one aspect of Brazilian society where many say there has been little progress: Abortion is still illegal, despite one in five Brazilian women undergoing the procedure in their lifetimes.
             With religious-right votes up for grabs in the upcoming poll, the two remaining candidates and the leading party are backing down from earlier abortion-rights endorsements, leading abortion-rights advocates to say that votes are being traded for women's health. Two-thirds of Brazil's 191 million people are Roman Catholics, making it the world's largest Catholic nation. But the number of those professing evangelical beliefs, some 17 percent of the population, is growing fast.
             The frenzy to collect more of those votes is causing Lula's left-wing Workers Party to mull whether to back off its commitment to see abortion rights debated in Congress, and the party's candidate, Dilma Rousseff, heavily favored to win, is distancing herself from abortion-rights comments she made before becoming a candidate.
             "It will be really ugly if the Workers Party pulls abortion rights from its agenda," said Regina Soares, a spokeswoman for the abortion-rights group Catholics for the Right to Decide. "[Abortion] is a problem of a huge size, which has same importance as unemployment and homelessness," she said. Abortion is illegal in Brazil except in the case of rape or if the mother's life is in danger. Yet one in five Brazilian women under age 40 has had an abortion, the vast majority illegally. Half of those women end up in the hospital as the result of complications, said Marcelo Medeiros, an economist and sociologist who coordinated a 2009 government-funded abortion study. The abortion question shifted to the fore after Sunday's first-round presidential elections, in which Rousseff was expected to sail easily past the 50 percent mark that would have made a second round unnecessary. But she received 46.8 percent, forcing a runoff with centrist challenger Jose Serra at the end of the month. Support for the 62-year- old former guerrilla, Lula's chosen successor, eroded in part because the religious right aired ads portraying Rousseff as pro-abortion-rights, observers said. To shore up votes, the Workers Party is considering whether to yank its promise to see abortion rights debated in Congress. In his more recent position as Brazil's health minister, Serra, along with the Workers Party, has advocated for a debate on abortion in Congress in the name of public health. But during his campaign, Serra declared himself anti-abortion. Observers are split on whether the issue could prevent a Rousseff win. Alberto Almeida, director of market research group Instituto Analise, said voters don't see the difference between the abortion stances of Serra and Rousseff. "Abortion won't have a big role in the election because nobody has a clear position on abortion," Almeida said. But a Workers Party senator from Parana state said some of her party members could end up promoting legalized abortion, a position that could "cost the presidency," said Gleisi Hoffman, according to a Folha report. "While most Brazilians support abortion in special cases, the rest is "a gray area," Medeiros said.
Adapted from:


KELLER, Karen. Abortion Becomes Issue in Brazil's Presidential Runoff. Disponível em: http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/abortion-becomes-an- issue-in-brazils-presidential-runoff/19665625. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2010.


De acordo com o texto, pode-se afirmar que

                        ABORTION BECOMES ISSUE IN BRAZIL'S PRESIDENTIAL RUNOFF


             As Brazil's charismatic President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva makes a triumphant exit, having fostered a fast-growing economy that lifted millions out of poverty and pleased financial markets, his country seems more than ever to embody the word "progress" that is emblazoned across its national flag. But as the Oct. 31 run-off election to choose his successor approaches, the focus is shifting to one aspect of Brazilian society where many say there has been little progress: Abortion is still illegal, despite one in five Brazilian women undergoing the procedure in their lifetimes.
             With religious-right votes up for grabs in the upcoming poll, the two remaining candidates and the leading party are backing down from earlier abortion-rights endorsements, leading abortion-rights advocates to say that votes are being traded for women's health. Two-thirds of Brazil's 191 million people are Roman Catholics, making it the world's largest Catholic nation. But the number of those professing evangelical beliefs, some 17 percent of the population, is growing fast.
             The frenzy to collect more of those votes is causing Lula's left-wing Workers Party to mull whether to back off its commitment to see abortion rights debated in Congress, and the party's candidate, Dilma Rousseff, heavily favored to win, is distancing herself from abortion-rights comments she made before becoming a candidate.
             "It will be really ugly if the Workers Party pulls abortion rights from its agenda," said Regina Soares, a spokeswoman for the abortion-rights group Catholics for the Right to Decide. "[Abortion] is a problem of a huge size, which has same importance as unemployment and homelessness," she said. Abortion is illegal in Brazil except in the case of rape or if the mother's life is in danger. Yet one in five Brazilian women under age 40 has had an abortion, the vast majority illegally. Half of those women end up in the hospital as the result of complications, said Marcelo Medeiros, an economist and sociologist who coordinated a 2009 government-funded abortion study. The abortion question shifted to the fore after Sunday's first-round presidential elections, in which Rousseff was expected to sail easily past the 50 percent mark that would have made a second round unnecessary. But she received 46.8 percent, forcing a runoff with centrist challenger Jose Serra at the end of the month. Support for the 62-year- old former guerrilla, Lula's chosen successor, eroded in part because the religious right aired ads portraying Rousseff as pro-abortion-rights, observers said. To shore up votes, the Workers Party is considering whether to yank its promise to see abortion rights debated in Congress. In his more recent position as Brazil's health minister, Serra, along with the Workers Party, has advocated for a debate on abortion in Congress in the name of public health. But during his campaign, Serra declared himself anti-abortion. Observers are split on whether the issue could prevent a Rousseff win. Alberto Almeida, director of market research group Instituto Analise, said voters don't see the difference between the abortion stances of Serra and Rousseff. "Abortion won't have a big role in the election because nobody has a clear position on abortion," Almeida said. But a Workers Party senator from Parana state said some of her party members could end up promoting legalized abortion, a position that could "cost the presidency," said Gleisi Hoffman, according to a Folha report. "While most Brazilians support abortion in special cases, the rest is "a gray area," Medeiros said.
Adapted from:


KELLER, Karen. Abortion Becomes Issue in Brazil's Presidential Runoff. Disponível em: http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/abortion-becomes-an- issue-in-brazils-presidential-runoff/19665625. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2010.


What does the text read about Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva:

The adverb “mistakenly” is between quotations in the cartoon above because there is the evidence of...

What is the implicit situation between images and words in the editorial cartoon? It is correct to say that:

Leia o seguinte texto.

            "De 1964 até o final dos anos 70, grandes mudanças políticas se processaram na América Latina. Em março de 1964, os militares derrubaram o poder constitucional de João Goulart, no Brasil, dando início a uma série de ditaduras militares, que iriam espalhar-se por toda a América Latina"

(CÁCERES, Florival. História da América. São Paulo: Moderna, 1992 p. 208).

Com relação à implantação das ditaduras militares na América Latina, no período aludido, assinale a alternativa correta.

O Brasil viveu, em 2010, mais um processo eleitoral em sua história republicana. Com relação à história das eleições desde a Proclamação da República, em 1889, até a atualidade, assinale a alternativa correta.

Leia o texto a seguir.


"O corpo está no centro de toda relação de poder. Mas o corpo das mulheres é o centro, de maneira imediata e específica. Sua aparência, sua beleza, suas formas, suas roupas, seus gestos, sua maneira de andar, de olhar, de falar e de rir (provocante, o riso não cai bem às mulheres, prefere-se que elas fiquem com as lágrimas) soa o objeto de uma perpétua suspeita. Suspeita que visa o seu sexo, vulcão da terra. Enclausurá-las seria a melhor solução: em um pesco fechado e controlado, ou no mínimo sob um véu que mascara sua chama incendiária. Toda a mulher em liberdade é um perigo e, ao mesmo tempo, está em perigo, um legitimando o outro. Se algo de mal lhe acontece, ela está recebendo apenas aquilo que merece."


PERROT, Michele. As mulheres ou os silêncios da história. Bauru: EDUSC, 2005. p. 447.


Michele Perrot faz referência à descrição das normas de controle impostas às mulheres na Idade Média. Em relação às mulheres europeias no período medieval, assinale a alternativa correta.