Conhecimentos Gerais
Movimentos Sociais, Discriminação e Desigualdade: Raça, classe e gêneroUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão · 2022DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
116 questões da prova de 2022 de Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, em Conhecimentos Gerais, Sociologia, Geografia, Filosofia e mais matérias. Cada uma tem página própria, com enunciado completo, alternativas e gabarito — e dá para responder na própria página.
116 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 2 de 6.


Para responder à questão, leia o texto e relacione o conceito de Bourdieu ao diagrama ao lado.
Pierre Bourdieu foi um dos maiores pensadores das ciências humanas do século XX. [...] Para Bourdieu, a estrutura social é um sistema hierárquico em que os diversos arranjos interdependentes de poder material e simbólico determinam a posição social ocupada por cada grupo. O poder tem múltiplas fontes, por isso, a influência que um determinado grupo exerce sobre os demais é fruto da articulação entre elas: poder financeiro, poder cultural, poder social e poder simbólico.
A cada um desses tipos de poder, Bourdieu chama de capital, pois representa a capitalização de um ativo importante para se ter uma posição de destaque em determinada sociedade e contexto histórico. A distribuição desigual desses poderes consolida e reproduz a hierarquia social ao longo do tempo. Bourdieu divide os poderes em quatro tipos de capital: capital econômico, capital cultural, capital social e capital simbólico. A soma ou a ausência desses recursos de poder, herdados ou adquiridos, determinará o lugar ocupado por grupos e indivíduos na hierárquica estrutura das sociedades e condicionará seu estilo de vida e suas oportunidades de ascensão.
REZENDE, Milka de Oliveira. "Pierre Bourdieu"; Brasil Escola. (adaptado).

https://previews.123rf.com/images/denispc/denispc
Analise as assertivas a seguir, considerando a imagem feminina no centro do círculo laranja. A personagem demonstra possuir mais capital social do que as demais personagens, pois sua rede de relações sociais é mais
I) densa, já que as linhas a ligam direta ou indiretamente ao conjunto das personagens, configurando-se como um ativo que lhe pode propiciar algum tipo de ganho.
II) equânime, já que há equilíbrio entre personagens masculinos e femininos, proporcionando-lhe mais estabilidade social.
III) fluida, haja vista que, na sua composição, há indivíduos hierarquicamente distribuídos na estrutura social, o que pode facilitar sua ascensão na sociedade.
IV) diversificada, tendo em vista que seus contatos se dão em várias direções, o que possibilita a sua movimentação em qualquer sentido da estrutura social.
Em relação à maior posse de capital social da personagem, estão corretas, apenas, as seguintes assertivas:

O texto trata da relação do homem com o poder e suas consequências.
Quando o poder dirige o homem à arrogância, a poesia lembra-o das suas limitações. Quando o poder limita a área das preocupações do homem, a poesia lembra-o da riqueza e da diversidade da existência. Quando o poder corrompe, a poesia limpa.
(Discurso de John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1963)
Entre os tipos de poderes, existe o poder político que, nas democracias, é essencialmente a vontade
da maioria por meio do governante. Existe poder político nas ditaduras, visto que a força em si é,
apenas, uma das condições e não a causa essencial. Portanto, num governo totalitário, o ato de coação
é aplicado sem visar ao bem público. Com relação ao governo totalitário e ao uso do poder, esse tipo de
governo tem com a população o objetivo de
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
A fragmentação do habitat e seu impacto duradouro nos ecossistemas da Terra
Conduzimos uma análise da cobertura florestal global para revelar que 70% das florestas remanescentes estão dentro de 1 km da borda da floresta, sujeita aos efeitos degradantes da fragmentação. Uma síntese de experimentos de fragmentação, abrangendo vários biomas e escalas, cinco continentes e 35 anos, demonstra que a fragmentação do habitat reduz a biodiversidade em 13 a 75% e prejudica as principais funções do ecossistema ao diminuir a biomassa e alterar os ciclos de nutrientes. Os efeitos são maiores nos fragmentos menores e mais isolados e aumentam com o passar do tempo. Essas descobertas indicam uma necessidade urgente de medidas de conservação e da restauração para melhorar a conectividade da paisagem, o que reduzirá as taxas de extinção e ajudará a manter os serviços ecossistêmicos. (HADDDA, N. M.; et al., 2015).
HADDDA, N. M. et al. A fragmentação do habitat e seu impacto duradouro nos ecossistemas da Terra. Sci. Adv, 2015. http://www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/forest/original.htm
Agora, analise a distribuição florestal na imagem a seguir.

As interferências humanas em regiões de florestas têm como consequência a(o)
Analise a imagem e o trecho da reportagem.
Os interesses econômicos por trás da destruição da Amazônia
Se na década de 1970 apenas 1% da Amazônia estava desmatada, hoje o índice chega a 20%, segundo relatório da Procuradoria do Meio Ambiente do Ministério Público Federal. A destruição da floresta acompanhou a evolução do rebanho bovino na Amazônia, que passou de 47 milhões de animais em 2000 para cerca de 85 milhões atualmente. Quase 40% das 215 milhões de cabeça de gado do país pastam em áreas amazônicas. A pecuária ocupa 80% da área desmatada da região, segundo o relatório.
https://reporterbrasil.org.br/os-interesses-economicos-por-tras-da-destruicao-da-amazonia/

O aumento exponencial da exploração econômica da região amazônica, a partir da década de 1970, está
relacionado com a
Analise a imagem em cujo centro aparece a figura de Mao Tsé-Tung, governante da China.

https://www.gettyimages.com.br/fotos/mao-tse-tung
A Revolução Chinesa, a partir de 1949, é marcada por dois momentos: a época de Mao Tsé-Tung (1949-
1976) e o período posterior a seu governo, com as mudanças implementadas por Den Xiaoping (1978) e os
seus sucessores. São características do governo de Mao:

https://iqaraislam.com/primeira-cruzada-foi-realmente-uma-guerra-contra-o-isla
This text refers to question
How to Stop Eating Sugar
By David Leonhardt
If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.
Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.
The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.
It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.
[...]
Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)
Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.
https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)
This text refers to question
How to Stop Eating Sugar
By David Leonhardt
If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.
Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.
The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.
It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.
[...]
Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)
Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.
https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)
This text refers to question
How to Stop Eating Sugar
By David Leonhardt
If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their old ones. This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets.
Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts.
The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat. They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise.
It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back.
[...]
Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail. You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.)
Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks.
https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted)