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Prova de 2017: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IF Sul - MG) — questões com gabarito

88 questões da prova de 2017 de Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IF Sul - MG), em Português, Matemática, Química, Geografia e mais matérias. Cada uma tem página própria, com enunciado completo, alternativas e gabarito — e dá para responder na própria página.

  • 88 questões
  • 10 matérias

Resultados: 88 questões

Página 5 de 5

  • Ciências da Natureza

    Biologia

    No Felis catus (gato doméstico) os alelos A e a ligados ao cromossomo X auxiliam na determinação da cor de sua pelagem. O alelo dominante A determina a pelagem laranja e é epistático sobre os alelos autossômicos M e m. O alelo recessivo a não determina pelo laranja e possibilita a manifestação dos alelos autossômicos responsáveis pela cor preta (MM ou Mm) ou marrom (mm). Uma gata alaranjada e heterozigota para o par autossômico, filha de um macho (pai) alaranjado e de uma fêmea (mãe) alaranjada e homozigota para os alelos sexuais, foi cruzada com um gato preto e heterozigoto para o gene autossômico. Qual será a proporção fenotípica esperada para os descendentes?
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 67e4f475-b3
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    • Leia o texto e responda às questões:
    How has Princess Diana's death changed the Royal Family?
    The death of Princess Diana in 1997, and the public's response to it, shook the House of Windsor.

    Twenty years on, there's been a coup at the palace. It was bloodless. All the royals remain standing. But the power has shifted.
    The departure, earlier this month, of the Queen's dedicated senior official Sir Christopher Geidt has meant her eldest son can exert more control over the monarchy's direction of travel.
    The comings and goings of courtiers excite those on the inside and leave outsiders cold.
    However, recent changes should cheer Prince Charles. The heir who's waited and waited is more content and less anguished.
    He's still driven by a desire to deliver change but the royal prophet in the wilderness on climate change has been embraced by the mainstream.
    A prince once derided for talking to plants is praised for trying to save the planet.
    With each year that passes, his mother will do less and he will do more.
    There are fewer clouds on his horizon. It's a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses:
    his televised admission of adultery, and his leaked comments about tampons.

    Lasting influence

    And yet, and yet. Whatever accommodation he reached with his first wife in life hasn't survived her death. Diana haunts Charles.
    A recent YouGov poll commissioned by the Press Association suggested that the number of people who believe the Prince of Wales has made a positive contribution to the Royal Family has fallen over the past four years, down from 60% to 36%.
    This polling took place at a time when it was hard to escape references to Charles's painful past.
    Newspapers and television channels have reflected at length on the influence of Diana, Princess of Wales, an influence that stretched from fashion to the British monarchy.
    It's been a month of coverage that must have perplexed anyone under the age of 25 and would have confused a visiting Martian.
    Charles's many supporters will argue that Diana's adverse impact on his popularity will recede with each passing year. But 20 years on, her influence still registers.(...)

    Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41094816/. Acesso em: Agosto de 2017)


    Observe a seguinte frase:

    “And yet and yet. Whatever accommodation he reached with his first wife in life hasn't survived her death. Diana haunts Charles”.

    Uma tradução para o termo grifado “Whatever” no context da frase seria:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 67a6a56a-b3
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    • Leia o texto e responda às questões:
    How has Princess Diana's death changed the Royal Family?
    The death of Princess Diana in 1997, and the public's response to it, shook the House of Windsor.

    Twenty years on, there's been a coup at the palace. It was bloodless. All the royals remain standing. But the power has shifted.
    The departure, earlier this month, of the Queen's dedicated senior official Sir Christopher Geidt has meant her eldest son can exert more control over the monarchy's direction of travel.
    The comings and goings of courtiers excite those on the inside and leave outsiders cold.
    However, recent changes should cheer Prince Charles. The heir who's waited and waited is more content and less anguished.
    He's still driven by a desire to deliver change but the royal prophet in the wilderness on climate change has been embraced by the mainstream.
    A prince once derided for talking to plants is praised for trying to save the planet.
    With each year that passes, his mother will do less and he will do more.
    There are fewer clouds on his horizon. It's a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses:
    his televised admission of adultery, and his leaked comments about tampons.

    Lasting influence

    And yet, and yet. Whatever accommodation he reached with his first wife in life hasn't survived her death. Diana haunts Charles.
    A recent YouGov poll commissioned by the Press Association suggested that the number of people who believe the Prince of Wales has made a positive contribution to the Royal Family has fallen over the past four years, down from 60% to 36%.
    This polling took place at a time when it was hard to escape references to Charles's painful past.
    Newspapers and television channels have reflected at length on the influence of Diana, Princess of Wales, an influence that stretched from fashion to the British monarchy.
    It's been a month of coverage that must have perplexed anyone under the age of 25 and would have confused a visiting Martian.
    Charles's many supporters will argue that Diana's adverse impact on his popularity will recede with each passing year. But 20 years on, her influence still registers.(...)

    Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41094816/. Acesso em: Agosto de 2017)


    Observe a frase retirada do texto e escolha a opção CORRETA:


    “It’s a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses”

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 679f9433-b3
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    • Leia o texto e responda às questões:
    How has Princess Diana's death changed the Royal Family?
    The death of Princess Diana in 1997, and the public's response to it, shook the House of Windsor.

    Twenty years on, there's been a coup at the palace. It was bloodless. All the royals remain standing. But the power has shifted.
    The departure, earlier this month, of the Queen's dedicated senior official Sir Christopher Geidt has meant her eldest son can exert more control over the monarchy's direction of travel.
    The comings and goings of courtiers excite those on the inside and leave outsiders cold.
    However, recent changes should cheer Prince Charles. The heir who's waited and waited is more content and less anguished.
    He's still driven by a desire to deliver change but the royal prophet in the wilderness on climate change has been embraced by the mainstream.
    A prince once derided for talking to plants is praised for trying to save the planet.
    With each year that passes, his mother will do less and he will do more.
    There are fewer clouds on his horizon. It's a horizon that was once obscured by the War of the Waleses:
    his televised admission of adultery, and his leaked comments about tampons.

    Lasting influence

    And yet, and yet. Whatever accommodation he reached with his first wife in life hasn't survived her death. Diana haunts Charles.
    A recent YouGov poll commissioned by the Press Association suggested that the number of people who believe the Prince of Wales has made a positive contribution to the Royal Family has fallen over the past four years, down from 60% to 36%.
    This polling took place at a time when it was hard to escape references to Charles's painful past.
    Newspapers and television channels have reflected at length on the influence of Diana, Princess of Wales, an influence that stretched from fashion to the British monarchy.
    It's been a month of coverage that must have perplexed anyone under the age of 25 and would have confused a visiting Martian.
    Charles's many supporters will argue that Diana's adverse impact on his popularity will recede with each passing year. But 20 years on, her influence still registers.(...)

    Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-41094816/. Acesso em: Agosto de 2017)


    Escolha a alternativa FALSA sobre o texto:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 679aeb2a-b3
  • Linguagens

    Português

    Tendo como referência a leitura da obra Iracema, de José de Alencar, leia o trecho que segue e responda a questão:

    CAPÍTULO II

    Além, muito além daquela serra, que ainda azula no horizonte, nasceu Iracema.
    Iracema, a virgem dos lábios de mel, que tinha os cabelos mais negros que a asa da graúna e mais longos que seu talhe de palmeira.
    O favo da jati não era doce como seu sorriso; nem a baunilha recendia no bosque como seu hálito perfumado.
    Mais rápida que a ema selvagem, a morena virgem corria o sertão e as matas do Ipu onde campeava sua guerreira tribo da grande nação tabajara, o pé grácil e nu, mal roçando alisava apenas a verde pelúcia que vestia a terra com as primeiras águas.
    Um dia, ao pino do sol, ela repousava em um claro da floresta. Banhava-lhe o corpo a sombra da oiticica, mais fresca do que o orvalho da noite. Os ramos da acácia silvestre esparziam flores sobre os úmidos cabelos. Escondidos na folhagem os pássaros ameigavam o canto.
    Iracema saiu do banho; o aljôfar d'água ainda a roreja, como à doce mangaba que corou em manhã de chuva. Enquanto repousa, empluma das penas do gará as flechas de seu arco e concerta com o sabiá da mata, pousado no galho próximo, o canto agreste
    A graciosa ará, sua companheira e amiga, brinca junto dela. Às vezes sobe aos ramos da árvore e de lá chama a virgem pelo nome; outras remexe o uru de palha matizada, onde traz a selvagem seus perfumes, os alvos fios do crautá, as agulhas da juçara com que tece a renda, e as tintas de que matiza o algodão.
    Rumor suspeito quebra a doce harmonia da sesta. Ergue a virgem os olhos, que o sol não deslumbra; sua vista perturba-se.
    Diante dela e todo a contemplá-la, está um guerreiro estranho, se é guerreiro e não algum mau espírito da floresta. Tem nas faces o branco das areias que bordam o mar; nos olhos o azul triste das águas profundas. Ignotas armas e tecidos ignotos cobrem-lhe o corpo.
    Foi rápido, como o olhar, o gesto de Iracema. A flecha embebida no arco partiu. Gotas de sangue borbulham na face do desconhecido.
    De primeiro ímpeto, a mão lesta caiu sobre a cruz da espada, mas logo sorriu. O moço guerreiro aprendeu na religião de sua mãe, onde a mulher é símbolo de ternura e amor. Sofreu mais d'alma que da ferida.
    O sentimento que ele pôs nos olhos e no rosto, não o sei eu. Porém a virgem lançou de si o arco e a uiraçaba, e correu para o guerreiro, sentida da mágoa que causara.
    A mão que rápida ferira, estancou mais rápida e compassiva o sangue que gotejava. Depois Iracema quebrou a flecha homicida: deu a haste ao desconhecido, guardando consigo a ponta farpada.
    O guerreiro falou:
    —Quebras comigo a flecha da paz?
    —Quem te ensinou, guerreiro branco, a linguagem de meus irmãos? Donde vieste a estas matas, que nunca viram outro guerreiro como tu ?
    —Venho de bem longe, filha das florestas. Venho das terras que teus irmãos já possuíram, e hoje têm os meus.
    —Bem-vindo seja o estrangeiro aos campos dos tabajaras, senhores das aldeias, e à cabana de Araquém, pai de Iracema.

    ALENCAR, José de. “Iracema”. In: ALENCAR, José de.Obra Completa. Rio de Janeiro: Editora José Aguilar, 1959a, vol. III.
    A caracterização da personagem Iracema, no trecho citado, é feita através do uso de elementos da natureza que a circundam. Nesse processo, evidencia-se que a personagem possui, em relação à natureza, um posicionamento:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 678c2b8a-b3
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

    AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

    For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

    An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

    For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

    The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

    Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

    1AI: Artificial Intelligence
    2bias: prejudice; preconception

    Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
    Why does Artificial Intelligence (AI) pick up biases?
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 3c754622-b5
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Imagem da questão de Inglês, IF Sul - MG 2017, Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects

    Com relação às expressões abaixo, assinale a alternativa correta.

    written word, movable type, mass publication
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 3c6af2c3-b5