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  • 1ACACC73-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The extract This might suggest (3rd paragraph) indicates 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1acacc73-71
  • 1AC80108-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase a pristine environment (1st paragraph) means that the area is 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac80108-71
  • 1AC5A998-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase ghost cities in the title indicates that they
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac5a998-71
  • 1AC31C43-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The text concludes that the development of civilization was 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac31c43-71
  • 1AC04464-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

            Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        
            Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        
            But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    Based on Text III, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

    I. Research has changed the view of how the Amazon was once populated.

    II. The forest was respected by Pre-Columbian Amazonians.

    III. Archaeologists found out that Amazonian ancient cultures did not erect any buildings.

    The statements are, respectively,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac04464-71
  • 1ABDDB2B-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text II and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II

    Nothing Gold Can Stay
    Nature’s first green is gold,
    Her hardest hue to hold.
    Her early leaf’s a flower;
    But only so an hour.
    Then leaf subsides to leaf.
    So Eden sank to grief,
    So dawn goes down to day.
    Nothing gold can stay.

    Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.
    The tone of the poem is 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1abddb2b-71
  • 1ABB82E8-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text II and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II

    Nothing Gold Can Stay
    Nature’s first green is gold,
    Her hardest hue to hold.
    Her early leaf’s a flower;
    But only so an hour.
    Then leaf subsides to leaf.
    So Eden sank to grief,
    So dawn goes down to day.
    Nothing gold can stay.

    Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.
    The point of the poem is to show the 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1abb82e8-71
  • 1AB931E7-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

            For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
       
            In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
       
            Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
      
            Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    The verb shift in “Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention” (3rd paragraph) means 
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  • 1AB6E083-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

        For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
        In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
        Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
       Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    The text concludes with a(n) 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ab6e083-71
  • 1AB43728-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

        For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
        In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
        Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
       Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    Analyse the assertions below based on Text I:

    I. Knowledge of human genes may lead to a more customized medical treatment.

    II. Technological developments have put a brake on progress in personalized medicine.

    III. Trial-and-error approach to healthcare is the basis of a personalized medicine. 
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  • 3899DE6D-DF

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    CEDERJ · 2024MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Text 2 

    Q45.png (301×249)

    Avaiable at: https://www.boredpanda.com/cartoon-smartphonecellphone-addiction/


    Glossary: Strap: amarrar; forehead: testa.
    The cartoon implies that

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  • 38972058-DF

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    CEDERJ · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Text 1


    Medical News Today


    What is nomophobia?


    Nomophobia refers to a fear of not having mobile phone connectivity. It can cause panic or anxiety for the person experiencing it.

    Researchers have noted that it is still unclear if the disorder comes from an existing condition, such as anxiety disorder, or from a cell phone addiction. They proposed changing the name “nomophobia” to “smartphone addiction disorder.”

    Treatments are currently nonstandard and involve behavioral therapies, support groups, and self-care.

    Self-care

    A person can practice self-care strategies on their own. They can take the following steps to manage their phobia:

    • progressive muscle relaxation

    • practicing different breathing techniques

    A person may also benefit from learning relaxation techniques. This therapy involves a combination of breathing techniques, exercises, and meditation techniques, which help a person cope with not having a phone or other phobias.


    Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nomophobia. Access 06 May 2024. Adapted.
    Breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are examples of
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  • 389474A8-DF

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    CEDERJ · 2024MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Text 1


    Medical News Today


    What is nomophobia?


    Nomophobia refers to a fear of not having mobile phone connectivity. It can cause panic or anxiety for the person experiencing it.

    Researchers have noted that it is still unclear if the disorder comes from an existing condition, such as anxiety disorder, or from a cell phone addiction. They proposed changing the name “nomophobia” to “smartphone addiction disorder.”

    Treatments are currently nonstandard and involve behavioral therapies, support groups, and self-care.

    Self-care

    A person can practice self-care strategies on their own. They can take the following steps to manage their phobia:

    • progressive muscle relaxation

    • practicing different breathing techniques

    A person may also benefit from learning relaxation techniques. This therapy involves a combination of breathing techniques, exercises, and meditation techniques, which help a person cope with not having a phone or other phobias.


    Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/nomophobia. Access 06 May 2024. Adapted.
    Mark the only true statement about nomophobia.
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  • 70E9B60F-D2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    ENEM · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

                                                                  Imagem da questão de Inglês, da prova de 2024

                                                                 Disponível em: https://pt.foursquare.com. Acesso em: 14 maio 2024.

    Nesse texto, a pergunta “What is sleep?”, em uma das embalagens do produto, está relacionada ao(à)

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 70e9b60f-d2
  • 70E6A2E1-D2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    ENEM · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
        It is true that all children are special, simply because they are children. But most adults are not special, and children end up as adults pretty quickly. Life then can be difficult and even disappointing. The shock of this may account for the emergence of the “snowflake generation” of university students, who are so delicate they can’t handle controversial ideas being put forward in their lectures. The roots of this fragility run deep in modern culture. So, an approach of the world that states: “Life is wonderful, you’re special and, if you are a good boy/girl, life will be amazing forever” is not a message designed to aid bouncing back from failure or confronting catastrophe. Resilience is not about feeding ego — telling your children how wonderful they are — but strengthening it.

     LOTT, T. Disponível em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2017 (adaptado).

    Nesse texto, a expressão “snowflake generation” é usada para
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 70e6a2e1-d2
  • 70E3EAE3-D2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    ENEM · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

         Remember the sky that you were born under,

                                                                          know each of the star’s stories.

                                                                          Remember the moon, know who she is.

                                                                          Remember the sun’s birth at dawn. [...]



                                                                          Remember your birth, how your mother struggled

                                                                          to give you form and breath [...]



                                                                          Remember the earth whose skin you are:

                                                                          red earth, black earth, yellow earth, white earth

                                                                          brown earth, we are earth.

                                                                          Remember the plants, trees, animal life who all have their

                                                                          tribes, their families, their histories, too [...]



                                                                          Remember you are all people and all people are you.

                                                                          Remember you are this universe and this universe is you.



                                                                          Remember all is in motion, is growing, is you.



     HARJO, J. She Had Some Horses. Londres: W. Norton & Company, 1983 (fragmento).


    Nesse poema, de uma autora de ascendência indígena, o eu lírico ressalta a

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  • 70E130EC-D2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    ENEM · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

        My idea of philosophy is that if it is not relevant to human problems, if it does not tell us how we can go about eradicating some of the misery in this world, then it is not worth the name of philosophy. I think Socrates made a very profound statement when he asserted that philosophy is to teach us proper living. In this day and age “proper living” means liberation from the urgent problems of poverty, economic necessity and indoctrination, mental oppression.


     DAVIS, A. Lectures on Liberation. Washington: Smithsonian Libraries, 1971 (adaptado).

    Nesse texto, ao discorrer sobre a relevância da filosofia, a escritora Angela Davis tem por objetivo

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  • 70DC0992-D2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    ENEM · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
        Glory Ames, from the White Earth reservation, is frustrated that despite the presence of several indigenous reservations near Moorhead, local Halloween stores still feature a western section with costumes such as “pow wow princess”.

        Even worse, despite a long-running debate about racism and cultural appropriation, often prompted by backlash against celebrities and politicians for donning offensive costumes, people continue to wear such costumes.

        Last Halloween, Ames spotted a photo on Instagram of a girl dressed as a Native American with a bullet in her forehead. She immediately reported it to the social media platform and had it removed.

        “They blatantly take certain aspects of our culture, race, religion, and use it for their advantage and ignore the people living it”, said Ames.

    LIU, M. C. M. Disponível em: www.washingtonpost.com. Acesso em: 12 maio 2024 (adaptado).

    Ao abordar um aspecto da celebração do Halloween, esse texto tem por objetivo
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  • D2BE1C46-CC

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - ITA · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.



    As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies

    Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence


        “It’s all we’ve been talking about since November,” says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He’s referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.



        Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [...]



        In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.



        So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.



    Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, p. 740–741, 22 feb. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-ai-written-text-journals-hammer-policies.


    No trecho do último parágrafo do texto “... to explore its capabilities ...”, o termo ITS refere-se a


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  • D2BB7293-CC

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - ITA · 2024DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.



    As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies

    Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence


        “It’s all we’ve been talking about since November,” says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He’s referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.



        Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [...]



        In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.



        So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.



    Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, p. 740–741, 22 feb. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.science.org/content/article/scientists-explore-ai-written-text-journals-hammer-policies.


    Leia as asserções destacadas e, em seguida, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.



    I. Pesquisadores acostumados a ler artigos de periódicos médicos não conseguem compreender um terço das publicações.



    II. Por ora, editores e revisores de publicações científicas têm dificuldades para identificar, de forma consistente, textos gerados por IA, dada a escassez de softwares especializados.



    III. Responsáveis por publicações científicas estão relutantes em coibir o uso de geradores de texto por computador, temendo uma potencial enxurrada de críticas por parte da comunidade acadêmica.



    IV. A publicação de prospectos gerados por IA, contendo novas versões de alguns artigos científicos específicos, causou uma onda de choque na indústria editorial acadêmica.



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