Questões do ENEM: Linguagens e Sinônimos | Synonyms

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282 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 10 de 15.

• CE549AE6-29

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsUNESP · 2016MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  Disparity in life spans of the rich and the poor is growing

  Sabrina Tavernise

  February 12, 2016

                  

        Experts have long known that rich people generally live longer than poor people. But a growing body of data shows a more disturbing pattern: Despite big advances in medicine, technology and education, the longevity gap between high-income and low-income Americans has been widening sharply.

        The poor are losing ground not only in income, but also in years of life, the most basic measure of well-being. In the early 1970s, a 60-year-old man in the top half of the earnings ladder could expect to live 1.2 years longer than a man of the same age in the bottom half, according to an analysis by the Social Security Administration. Fast-forward to 2001, and he could expect to live 5.8 years longer than his poorer counterpart.

        New research released this month contains even more jarring numbers. Looking at the extreme ends of the income spectrum, economists at the Brookings Institution found that for men born in 1920, there was a six-year difference in life expectancy between the top 10 percent of earners and the bottom 10 percent. For men born in 1950, that difference had more than doubled, to 14 years. For women, the gap grew to 13 years, from 4.7 years. “There has been this huge spreading out,” said Gary Burtless, one of the authors of the study.

        The growing chasm is alarming policy makers, and has surfaced in the presidential campaign. During a Democratic debate, Senator Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton expressed concern over shortening life spans for some Americans. “This may be the next frontier of the inequality discussion,” said Peter Orszag, a former Obama administration official now at Citigroup, who was among the first to highlight the pattern. The causes are still being investigated, but public health researchers say that deep declines in smoking among the affluent and educated may partly explain the difference.

        Overall, according to the Brookings study, life expectancy for the bottom 10 percent of wage earners improved by just 3 percent for men born in 1950 compared with those born in 1920. For the top 10 percent, though, it jumped by about 28 percent. (The researchers used a common measure – life expectancy at age 50 – and included data from 1984 to 2012.)

                                                                              (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
  

  No título do texto, o termo “disparity” tem sentido semelhante ao termo do texto

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão ce549ae6-29

  A

  chasm (4° parágrafo).

  B

  highlight (4° parágrafo).

  C

  bottom (3° parágrafo).

  D

  ladder (2° parágrafo).

  E

  expectancy (5° parágrafo).

  Responder
• 6FF90774-06

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsUNIFESP · 2015DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

   

  Nobel winner Malala opens school for Syrian refugees

   

  Sylvia Westall

  July 13, 2015

  Bekaa Valley, Lebanon

  
  

   

   

    Malala Yousafzai, the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, celebrated her 18th birthday in Lebanon on Sunday by opening a school for Syrian refugee girls and called on world leaders to invest in “books not bullets”. Malala became a symbol of defiance after she was shot on a school bus in Pakistan in 2012 by the Taliban for advocating girls’ rights to education. She continued campaigning and won the Nobel in 2014.

     “I decided to be in Lebanon because I believe that the voices of the Syrian refugees need to be heard and they have been ignored for so long,” Malala told Reuters in a schoolroom decorated with drawings of butterflies. The Malala Fund, a non-profit organization that supports local education projects, provided most of the funding for the school, set up by Lebanon’s Kayany Foundation in the Bekaa Valley, close to the Syrian border. The Kayany Foundation, established by Syrian Nora Joumblatt in response to Syria’s refugee crisis, has already completed three other new schools to give free education to Syrian children in Lebanon. The Malala school can welcome up to 200 girls aged 14 to 18.

     “Today on my first day as an adult, on behalf of the world’s children, I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets,” Malala said in a speech. Lebanon is home to at least 1.2 million of the 4 million refugees that have fled Syria’s war to neighboring countries. There are about 500,000 Syrian school-age children in Lebanon, but only a fifth are in formal education. “We are in danger of losing generations of young Syrian girls due to the lack of education,” Joumblatt said in a speech at the opening of the school. “Desperate and displaced Syrians are increasingly seeing early marriage as a way to secure the social and financial future of their daughters. We need to provide an alternative: Keep young girls in school instead of being pressured into wedlock.”

      Lebanon, which allows informal settlements on land rented by refugees, says it can no longer cope with the influx from Syria’s four-year conflict. More than one in four people living in Lebanon is a refugee. The United Nations says the number of Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is expected to reach 4.27 million by the end of the year. “In Lebanon as well as in Jordan, an increasing number of refugees are being turned back at the border,” Malala said. “This is inhuman and this is shameful.”

      Her father Ziauddin said he was proud she was carrying on her activism into adulthood. “This is the mission we have taken for the last 8-9 years. A small moment for the education of girls in Swat Valley: it is spreading now all over the world,” he said.

   

  (www.reuters.com. Adaptado.)

  Analise o trecho do terceiro parágrafo “I demand of leaders we must invest in books instead of bullets”, para responder à questão.

  
  

  O termo “must” pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
  

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6ff90774-06

  A

  has to.

  B

  can.

  C

  might.

  D

  used to.

  E

  ought to.

  Responder
• 8C843493-F8

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUEG · 2015DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

  
  

  DEALING WITH CYBERBULLYING

  
  

  Technology means that bullying is no longer limited to schoolyards or street corners. Cyberbullying can occur anywhere, even at home, via email, texts, cell phones, and social media websites 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with potentially hundreds of people involved. For those who suffer cyberbullying, the effects can be devastating, leaving you feeling hurt, humiliated, angry, depressed, or even suicidal. But no type of bullying should ever be tolerated. 

  
  

  What is cyberbullying?

  Cyberbullying occurs when a child or teen uses the Internet, emails, text messages, instant messaging, social media websites, online forums, chat rooms, or other digital technology to harass, threaten, or humiliate another child or teen. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying doesn't require physical strength or face-to-face contact and isn't limited to just a handful of witnesses at a time. Cyberbullies come in all shapes and sizes – almost anyone with an Internet connection or mobile phone can cyberbully someone else, often without having to reveal their true identity. Cyberbullies can torment their victims 24 hours a day and the bullying can follow the victim anywhere so that no place, not even home, ever feels safe, and with a few clicks the humiliation can be witnessed by hundreds or even thousands of people online.

  
  

  Tips for kids or teens dealing with cyberbullying

  If you are targeted by cyberbullies, it's important not to respond to any messages or posts written about you, no matter how hurtful or untrue. Responding will only make the situation worse and provoking a reaction from you is exactly what the cyberbullies want, so don't give them the satisfaction.

  It's also very important that you don't seek revenge on a cyberbully by becoming a cyberbully yourself. Again, it will only make the problem worse and could result in serious legal consequences for you. If you wouldn't say it in person, don't say it online.

  
  

  
  

  Disponível em: <https://www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/cyberbullying.htm>. acesso em: 17 abr. 2015. (Adaptado).

  Considerando os aspectos estruturais do texto, observa-se que

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 8c843493-f8

  A

  a afirmação “no type of bullying should ever be tolerated”, expressa na voz ativa, seria: noboby should never tolerate bullying.

  B

  na oração “Unlike traditional bullying” o termo em destaque indica exclusão e, portanto, pode ser substituído por Dislike.

  C

  as sentenças “bullying is no longer limited to schoolyards” e bullying is not limited to schoolyards anymore têm o mesmo sentido.

  D

  a pergunta adequada à resposta “Cyberbullies come in all shapes and sizes” pode ser: Where can cyberbullies come from?

  Responder
• 7C66017C-F6

  Inglês

  Palavras conectivas | Connective wordsUniversidade Nove de Julho – UNINOVE · 2015FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  
  

      You need only go back 70 years to a time when a scratch and a common infection could prove deadly. Routine surgery and childbirth could be a hazardous business. Penicillin had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming, but human trials did not begin for over a decade. The first patient was an Oxford policeman, Albert Alexander, who had scratched his face on a rose bush and the wound became seriously infected (another historical version has him injured in a bombing raid). He was treated with penicillin and his condition rapidly improved, but supplies ran out before he could be cured and he died. By the end of the war penicillin was being widely produced, and other drugs quickly followed - marking the start of the antibiotic era.

  
  

      So most of us have grown up with these miracle drugs readily available. It’s understandable that patients and some doctors simply can’t comprehend the concept of a pre-antibiotic world. But that is what’s at stake unless the threat is taken seriously.

  
  

  • Rise of superbugs

  
  

      Much of modern medicine is now underpinned by antibiotics. Surgery is more invasive than ever: from hip replacements to cancer treatment and transplants - antibiotics are essential to prevent and treat infection. There have been repeated calls on doctors to curb the overuse of antibiotics going back many years.

  
  

      Whilst it is important that the NHS (National Health System in England) exercises better stewardship of antibiotics, it is worth remembering that this is a global problem that requires global solutions. Superbug infections respect no borders and have spread from continent to continent with ease. This is a serious concern because many developing countries have far poorer controls on antibiotic use.

  
  

  • Misuse

  
  

      Last year the World Health Organization found that some antibiotics could be bought legally over the counter in 19 out of 43 European countries surveyed. Then there is the widespread misuse of antibiotics in agriculture, in farmed animals and fish. More antibiotics are used in livestock production than for human health and there is widespread concern about the use of long-term, low-dose antibiotics in animal feed in countries like the US, China and India.

  
  

      Part of the problem is due to simple evolutionary pressure: bacteria are constantly evolving, and resistant strains emerging. This means there is a constant battle to stay ahead of the germs. But developing new antibiotics has proved hugely difficult - it’s nearly 30 years since the last new class of antibiotics came on the market.

  No trecho inicial do segundo parágrafo “So most of us have grown up with these miracle drugs readily available”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7c66017c-f6

  A

  Therefore.

  B

  Meanwhile.

  C

  Although.

  D

  However.

  E

  Otherwise.

  Responder
• 1D111E51-E0

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro universitário FAG · 2015DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Text 1

  
  

  
  

  Of prime importance in reading is vocabulary skill. The reader must know the meanings of enough of the words in a sentence for it to make sense and also know how to combine individual word meanings within a sentence. Once the student is past the initial stages of reading, he spends a large percentage of his time encountering new vocabulary, which can be approached in a number of ways. The teacher can give the meaning for each new word, as is common in teaching reading to non-native students.

  Or, also common, the student may spend hours with a dictionary writing native-language glosses into his text. For the native speaker of English, the most common form of vocabulary building is guessing from context and/or word formations.

  In many settings in which English is taught as a foreign language (EFL) there are high degrees of emphasis on rote memorization. Because vocabulary development skills are seldom specifically taught, the student is not aware of the skills or their benefits. Most students have been trained to panic. Their first

  reaction on encountering a new word in a text is to stop and ask for a definition, even if the rest of the sentence defines it. The student of English as a foreign language cannot begin to read with full comprehension until he has been taught to conquer the unknown word by using contextual aids, that is, the formation of the word itself and the environment in which it is found.

  (Adapted from Vocabulary in Context, by Anna Fisher Kruse, in Long, Michael H. and Richards, Jack (eds.), Methodology in TESOL – A Book of Readings. New York: Newbury House, 1987)

  In the fragment from the text – The reader must know the meanings of enough of the words… – the modal verb must could be correctly replaced, keeping the same meaning, by:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1d111e51-e0

  A

  might.

  B

  may.

  C

  would

  D

  will not.

  E

  has to.

  Responder
• 1A142101-D5

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió - Centro Universitário · 2015MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Read the text/below/and answer following four questions according to it.

  
  

  Viagra abuse in teens

  There are several reasons why teenagers may experiment with erectile dysfunction medication. Of course, a common reason why teens may be tempted to take an erectile dysfunction (ED) medication is out of sexual curiosity. Teens may mistakenly think that these medications will increase sexual potency, make them somehow “better” sexually, or make them last longer. Premature ejaculation is common in this age group, and they may be hoping to find a pill to help. However, they do not realize that Viagra will not help them last longer.

  Beyond sexual curiosity, another major reason why some teenagers may think they want Viagra or other erectile dysfunction drugs is that they may have heard a rumor that it can improve their athletic performance. Research has been discussed in The NY Times and NY Daily News about the use of Viagra to relieve constriction of blood vessels in the lungs, improving blood flow, breathing, and athletic endurance.

  Another reason why teens may try Viagra or another erectile medication is to attempt to increase the effect of other drugs or alcohol; despite the fact that this is a very dangerous use of these medications. Sometimes this is also related to sports performance, as someone on steroids may think it will enhance the effect of the steroids, or resolve steroidrelated erectile dysfunction. There have also been reports of teenagers and twentysomethings taking Viagra with alcohol or with Ecstasy (the combination called “Sextasy”), since Ecstasy or alcohol may heighten desire while lessening erectile ability. This dangerous combination could be deadly, and at the very least contributes to a reduction of safer sex practices.

  Teenagers, (or anyone of any age who does not have clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction and a prescription from a doctor), must stay away from Viagra, Cialis, Levitra, or any other erectile dysfunction medication. They can certainly cause physical side effects like dizziness, headache, chest tightness, vision problems including loss of vision, irregular heartbeat, and more severe issues. Teachers and parents must teach teenagers about drugs — and sex.

  Adaptado de:  <http://sarilocker.com/blog/2009/07/31/viagra-abusein-teens/>

  Acessado em 01 de maio de 2015.

  In the sentence “…as someone on steroids may think it will enhance the effect of the steroids”, enhance is a synonym of

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1a142101-d5

  A

  lessen

  B

  weaken

  C

  reduce

  D

  strengthen

  E

  undermine

  Responder
• 1E0D1704-1C

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionPUC - RJ · 2015DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  By Becky Oskin, Senior Writer. Adapted from http://www. livescience.com/49262-indian-ocean-tsunami-anniversary. html. December 26, 2014.  
  

  In the sentence “That means building out the seismic network,” (lines 89-90), building out means to

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1e0d1704-1c

  A

  glorify.

  B

  compress.

  C

  simplify.

  D

  incorporate.

  E

  expand.

  Responder
• B18B7D5D-A6

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUCS · 2015MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  INSTRUÇÃO: A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo.

                        Victoria and Albert: how a royal love changed culture

                                                                                                             By Lucinda Hawksley 

  

   

  
  

  Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20150623-victoria-albert-cultural-impact>.

  Acesso em: 3 ago. 15. (Parcial e adaptado.)

  Assinale a alternativa em que o termo noted melhor substitui o vocábulo sublinhado, sem prejuízo para o sentido da oração.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b18b7d5d-a6

  A

  This overwhelming love shared by a queen and her prince would change British culture forever (linhas 10 e 11).

  B

  In addition to paintings and sculpture, the couple also commissioned love tokens from jewellers and helped boost that industry (linhas 15 e 16).

  C

  At Christmas 1841, the queen gave Prince Albert a painting by Edwin Landseer of the prince's favourite greyhound (linhas 31 a 33).

  D

  Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna, painted when Leighton was living in Rome (linhas 38 e 39).

  E

  Victoria wrote in her journal “Albert was enchanted by it – so much so that he made me buy it" (linhas 40 e 41).

  Responder
• 2AE1720F-36

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsPUC - RS · 2015MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  INSTRUCTION: Answer question in relation to text 1.

  

  The word “So” (line 28) can be substituted, without a change in the meaning, by

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 2ae1720f-36

  A

  yet.

  B

  hence.

  C

  although.

  D

  otherwise.

  E

  furthermore.

  Responder
• 5659D26A-14

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsUERJ · 2015MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  
  

  images1.fanpop.com

  By establishing links between different parts of a text, one might guess the meaning of an unknown word.
  Based on Calvin’s evaluation of the show he is watching, the meaning of the word tripe, in panel 8, is:
  
  

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5659d26a-14

  A

  fun
  
  

  B

  trash
  
  

  C

  pastime
  
  

  D

  program
  
  

  Responder
• E2CDDAB0-E6

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionIF-BA · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  

  
  

  Consider the statements given and mark the correct option, according to their grammar features:

  
  

  
  

  I. In the sentence “President Lula took part in a ceremony that focused firmly on the future” the relative pronoun that can be replaced by which without changing the meaning of the sentence.

  
  

  II. In the sentence “We have a chip, we have a level that can be used on frontier control, we can guarantee citizenship, and it can guarantee transactions in the virtual world” the modal verb can indicates an ability.

  
  

  III. The word currently in the sentence “Currently, Brazilians have to deal with a confusing array of identity numbers” can be substituted by the word nowadays without changing the meaning of the sentence.

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão e2cddab0-e6

  A

  Only I and II are true.

  B

  Only II and III are true.

  C

  Only I and III are true.

  D

  Only I is true.

  E

  Only II is true.

  Responder
• E2C61D90-E6

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsIF-BA · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  

  
  

  Relate the words from the text with their synonyms that can be used in the same context and mark the correct order:

  
  

  (A)ubiquitous

  
  

  (B)wealth

  
  

  (C)desire

  
  

  (D)support

  
  

  (E)barrier
  

  
  

  
  

  ( ) abundance

  
  

  ( ) obstacle

  
  

  ( ) help

  
  

  ( ) wish

  
  

  ( ) omnipresent

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão e2c61d90-e6

  A

  D, C, E, B, A

  B

  B, E, A, D, C

  C

  B, E, C, D, A

  D

  D, B, C, A, E

  E

  B, E, D, C, A

  Responder
• E2B99676-E6

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionIF-BA · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  

  
  

  In the text, the verb mirrored (line 02) can be substituted by the verb:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão e2b99676-e6

  A

  Reflected

  B

  Speculated

  C

  Considered

  D

  Thought

  E

  Adjusted

  Responder
• 4F6CE6EB-E5

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFMP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  
  

  As palavras “criminal” (linha 1), “blood-feud” (linha 4), “liable” (linha 11) e “wound” (linha 21) poderiam ser substituídas pelos seguintes sinônimos, pois estes não alterariam o sentido do texto:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4f6ce6eb-e5

  A

  killer; disagreement; susceptible; dog.

  B

  offender; disagreement; untruthful; mark.

  C

  offender; vendetta; susceptible; injury.

  D

  killer; agreement; untruthful; mark.

  E

  killer; vendetta; untruthful; injury.

  Responder
• 6DB450DB-D9

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Santa Marcelina · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o infográfico para responder à questão.

  
  

  

  (www.medicalnewstoday.com. Adaptado.)
  

  No primeiro quadro, Breads & Rolls, a expressão even though pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6db450db-d9

  A

  however.

  B

  but.

  C

  then.

  D

  so.

  E

  although.

  Responder
• 6DAB4BBF-D9

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Santa Marcelina · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  Do fat people stay warmer than thin people?

  Pack on some extra pounds for winter

  By Daniel Engber

  01.02.2014

      At the yearly Rottnest Channel Swim in Western Australia, participants often smear their bodies with animal fat for insulation against the 70-degree water. But their own body fat also helps to keep them warm, like an extra layer of clothing beneath the skin. When scientists studied aspects of the event in 2006, they found that swimmers with a greater body mass index (BMI) appear to be at much lower risk of getting hypothermia.

      The same effect has been demonstrated in hospitals where patients who’ve suffered cardiac arrest are treated with “therapeutic hypothermia” to stave off brain injury and inflammation. Studies have shown that it takes longer to induce hypothermia in obese patients than in their leaner counterparts. The extra fat seems to insulate the body’s core.

      Under certain conditions, though, overweight people might feel colder than people of average weight. That’s because the brain combines two signals — the temperature inside the body and the temperature on the surface of the skin — to determine when it’s time to constrict blood vessels (which limits heat loss through the skin) and trigger shivering (which generates heat). And since subcutaneous fat traps heat, an obese person’s core will tend to remain warm while his or her skin cools down. According to Catherine O’Brien, a research physiologist with the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, it’s possible that the lower skin temperature would give fatter people the sense of being colder overall.

      But O’Brien points out that many other factors beyond subcutaneous fat help determine the rate at which we chill. Smaller people, who have more surface area compared to the total volume of their bodies, lose heat more quickly. (It’s often said that women feel colder than men; average body size may play a part.) A more muscular physique may also offer some protection against hypothermia, partly because muscle tissue generates lots of heat. “We have a joke around here that the person who’s best-suited for cold is fit and fat,” says O’Brien.

  (www.popsci.com)

  No trecho do segundo parágrafo – The same effect has been demonstrated in hospitals where patients who’ve suffered cardiac arrest are treated with “therapeutic hypothermia” to stave off brain injury and inflammation. –, a expressão em destaque pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6dab4bbf-d9

  A

  take off.

  B

  prevent.

  C

  study

  D

  replace.

  E

  trigger.

  Responder
• 6F44DF03-B6

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsFaculdade Cultura Inglesa · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations

  David Keys
  Monday, 3 March 2014

      The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.

      It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

      The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.

      “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.

  (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)

  In the excerpt from the second paragraph –– It’s now thought likely that the droughts –, the word likely can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6f44df03-b6

  A

  pleasantly.

  B

  probable.

  C

  favourably.

  D

  true.

  E

  agreeable.

  Responder
• 6F41D865-B6

  Inglês

  Sinônimos | SynonymsFaculdade Cultura Inglesa · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  How climate change ended world’s first great civilisations

  David Keys
  Monday, 3 March 2014

      The world’s first great civilisations appear to have collapsed because of an ancient episode of climate change – according to new research carried out by scientists and archaeologists. Their investigation demonstrates that the Bronze Age ‘megacities’ of the Indus Valley region of Pakistan and north-west India declined during the 21st and 20th centuries BC and never recovered – because of a dramatic increase in drought conditions. The research, carried out by the University of Cambridge and India’s Banaras Hindu University, reveals that a series of droughts lasting some 200 years hit the Indus Valley zone – and was probably responsible for the rapid decline of the great Bronze Age urban civilisation of that region.

      It’s now thought likely that the droughts at around that time were partly responsible for the collapse not only of the Indus Valley Civilisation, but also of the ancient Akkadian Empire, Old Kingdom Egypt and possibly Early Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. “Our evidence suggests that it was the most intense period of drought – probably due to frequent monsoon failure – in the 5000 year-long period we have examined,” said University of Cambridge Palaeoclimate scientist Professor David Hodell. The scientists studying the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation obtained their new evidence from a dried-up lake bed near India’s capital New Delhi which is just 40 miles east of the eastern edge of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

      The Indus Valley ‘megacities’ – some with populations of up to 100,000 – rapidly declined. Populations shrank and the old urban civilisation, which had lasted 500 years, collapsed.

      “Archaeologists get an opportunity to investigate how ancient populations responded to climatic and environmental change,” said University of Cambridge archaeologist, Dr. Cameron Petrie. “For the Indus populations, it looks as though living in large groups became untenable, and it was much more sustainable to live in smaller groups. This is of course a huge simplification of a complex process, but this transformation is the underlying dynamicˮ.

  (www.independent.co.uk. Adaptado.)

  De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, grandes civilizações da Antiguidade

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6f41d865-b6

  A

  concentraram-se, predominantemente, na Idade do Bronze, no que hoje é o Paquistão.

  B

  enfrentaram situações dramáticas em seu dia a dia, principalmente na Índia e no Paquistão.

  C

  foram recentemente descobertas por pesquisadores da Universidade de Cambridge.

  D

  parecem ter se extinguido devido a mudanças climáticas que levaram a períodos de seca.

  E

  existiram exclusivamente nos séculos XXI e XX antes da Era Cristã, na região da Índia.

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• 5A7D3394-3C

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFGV · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Argentina defaults – Eighth time unlucky
  
  Cristina Fernández argues that her country's latest default is different. She is missing the point.
  
  Aug 2nd 2014
  
       ARGENTINA'S first bond, issued in 1824, was supposed to have had a lifespan of 46 years. Less than four years later, the government defaulted. Resolving the ensuing stand-off with creditors took 29 years. Since then seven more defaults have followed, the most recent this week, when Argentina failed to make a payment on bonds issued as partial compensation to victims of the previous default, in 2001.
  
       Most investors think they can see a pattern in all this, but Argentina’s president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, insists the latest default is not like the others. Her government, she points out, had transferred the full $539m it owed to the banks that administer the bonds. It is America’s courts (the bonds were issued under American law) that blocked the payment, at the behest of the tiny minority of owners of bonds from 2001 who did not accept the restructuring Argentina offered them in 2005 and again in 2010. These “hold-outs”, balking at the 65% haircut the restructuring entailed, not only persuaded a judge that they should be paid in full but also got him to freeze payments on the restructured bonds until Argentina coughs up.
  
      Argentina claims that paying the hold-outs was impossible. It is not just that they are “vultures" as Argentine officials often put it, who bought the bonds for cents on the dollar after the previous default and are now holding those who accepted the restructuring (accounting for 93% of the debt) to ransom. The main problem is that a clause in the restructured bonds prohibits Argentina from offering the hold-outs better terms without paying everyone else the same. Since it cannot afford to do that, it says it had no choice but to default.
  
       Yet it is not certain that the clause requiring equal treatment of all bondholders would have applied, given that Argentina would not have been paying the hold-outs voluntarily, but on the courts' orders. Moreover, some owners of the restructured bonds had agreed to waive their rights; had Argentina made a concerted effort to persuade the remainder to do the same, it might have succeeded. Lawyers and bankers have suggested various ways around the clause in question, which expires at the end of the year. But Argentina's government was slow to consider these options or negotiate with the hold-outs, hiding instead behind indignant nationalism.
  
       Ms Fernández is right that the consequences of America's court rulings have been perverse, unleashing a big financial dispute in an attempt to solve a relatively small one. But hers is not the first government to be hit with an awkward verdict. Instead of railing against it, she should have tried to minimise the harm it did. Defaulting has helped no one: none of the bondholders will now be paid, Argentina looks like a pariah again, and its economy will remain starved of loans and investment.
  
       Happily, much of the damage can still be undone. It is not too late to strike a deal with the hold-outs or back an ostensibly private effort to buy out their claims. A quick fix would make it easier for Argentina to borrow again internationally. That, in turn, would speed development of big oil and gas deposits, the income from which could help ease its money troubles.
  
     More important, it would help to change perceptions of Argentina as a financial rogue state. Over the past year or so Ms Fernández seems to have been trying to rehabilitate Argentina's image and resuscitate its faltering economy. She settled financial disputes with government creditors and with Repsol, a Spanish oil firm whose Argentine assets she had expropriated in 2012. This week's events have overshadowed all that. For its own sake, and everyone else's, Argentina should hold its nose and do a deal with the hold-outs.
  
  (http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21610263. Adapted)
  
  
  In the excerpt from the last paragraph – ... perceptions of Argentina as a financial rogue state – the expression financial rogue state implies a country which is

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5a7d3394-3c

  A

  closed to dealings with other countries.

  B

  always asking others to do what it wants.

  C

  imposing its views on the international community

  D

  trying to deceive others for its own profit.

  E

  nationalizing assets from other countries.

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• 7DEE922D-3C

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionPUC - RJ · 2014DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

   

   

  

  
  

  Based on the meanings the words in bold convey in the text,

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7dee922d-3c

  A

  slighted (line 11) and ignored are not synonymous.

  B

  reap (line 29) and gain are antonymous.

  C

  surpassing (line 65) and exceeding are not equivalent in meaning.

  D

  threaten (line 85) and menace express opposite ideas.

  E

  jeopardy (line 136) and peril are interchangeable in terms of meaning.

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