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Texto 1
“Sou mais leitora do que ouvinte; de todos os formatos de informação de que dispomos, o texto continua sendo o meu favorito, disparado.” (linhas 1-3)
Os vocábulos sublinhados no fragmento classificam-se, respectivamente, do ponto de vista morfológico, como:
Texto 1
O título “Podcasts: quem são, onde vivem, o que comem”, atribuído ao texto por Cora Rónai, cria a expectativa de que os podcasts sejam seres vivos com a intenção de
Big Tech made the social media mess. It has to fix it
Analysis by David Goldman, CNN Business
Social media has given people a platform to spew hate speech and radical beliefs to other people, amplifying what are otherwise fringe opinions. A few have turned that hate into violence.
Silicon Valley has built the biggest, most powerful companies in the world. Now, tech leaders have a responsibility to rein in the creations that have grown too unwieldy for them to control.
These are businesses, and their leaders will have to And out how to do that without destroying their companies. So far, balancing Big Tech's responsibilities to society and its duties to investors has proven difficult.
A difficult balance
Facebook (FB) announced in July it would invest billions of dollars a year to improve safety and security on the platform. The company said the effort would come at the expense of user growth and profitability. The company's stock lost about a third of its value because investors were concerned about Facebook's growth stalling.
Twitter has largely rid ISIS recruiters from the social network. Facebook and YouTube have labeled fake news stories as such. Yet, the work isn't close to done. Google has also made significant changes to YouTube's advertising policies after ads from 300 companies and organizations ran on channels promoting hate groups.
"YouTube has strict policies that prohibit content which incites others to violence or promotes hatred," a YouTube spokesperson said. "We quickly remove videos violating our policies when flagged by our users."
What seemed to cross no one's mind a decade ago was the potential downside to building a platform with billions of customers. So many posts can't possibly be monitored in real time. The networks gave the dregs of society the ability to reach like-minded people and poison the minds of others.
Without that foresight, Silicon Valley allowed their creations to break down. They're not beyond repair, but fixing them will be costly and difficult. Whether Big Tech is up to the task will determine the fates of their platforms.
Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/tech/social-media- -hate-speech/index.html. Access: 30 may 2019. Adapted.
Glossary: spew: lançar; fringe: periféricas; to rein in: controlar; unwieldy: desordenado; duties: deveres; profitability, lucro;
stock: ação (no mercado); stalling: interrupção; flagged: sinalizados; dregs of society: pessoas inescrupulosas; like-minded: pessoas que compartilham ideias semelhantes; poison: envenenar;
foresight: visão; beyond repair: sem conserto; up to the task: à
altura da tarefa.
Big Tech made the social media mess. It has to fix it
Analysis by David Goldman, CNN Business
Social media has given people a platform to spew hate speech and radical beliefs to other people, amplifying what are otherwise fringe opinions. A few have turned that hate into violence.
Silicon Valley has built the biggest, most powerful companies in the world. Now, tech leaders have a responsibility to rein in the creations that have grown too unwieldy for them to control.
These are businesses, and their leaders will have to And out how to do that without destroying their companies. So far, balancing Big Tech's responsibilities to society and its duties to investors has proven difficult.
A difficult balance
Facebook (FB) announced in July it would invest billions of dollars a year to improve safety and security on the platform. The company said the effort would come at the expense of user growth and profitability. The company's stock lost about a third of its value because investors were concerned about Facebook's growth stalling.
Twitter has largely rid ISIS recruiters from the social network. Facebook and YouTube have labeled fake news stories as such. Yet, the work isn't close to done. Google has also made significant changes to YouTube's advertising policies after ads from 300 companies and organizations ran on channels promoting hate groups.
"YouTube has strict policies that prohibit content which incites others to violence or promotes hatred," a YouTube spokesperson said. "We quickly remove videos violating our policies when flagged by our users."
What seemed to cross no one's mind a decade ago was the potential downside to building a platform with billions of customers. So many posts can't possibly be monitored in real time. The networks gave the dregs of society the ability to reach like-minded people and poison the minds of others.
Without that foresight, Silicon Valley allowed their creations to break down. They're not beyond repair, but fixing them will be costly and difficult. Whether Big Tech is up to the task will determine the fates of their platforms.
Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/tech/social-media- -hate-speech/index.html. Access: 30 may 2019. Adapted.
Glossary: spew: lançar; fringe: periféricas; to rein in: controlar; unwieldy: desordenado; duties: deveres; profitability, lucro;
stock: ação (no mercado); stalling: interrupção; flagged: sinalizados; dregs of society: pessoas inescrupulosas; like-minded: pessoas que compartilham ideias semelhantes; poison: envenenar;
foresight: visão; beyond repair: sem conserto; up to the task: à
altura da tarefa.
Big Tech made the social media mess. It has to fix it
Analysis by David Goldman, CNN Business
Social media has given people a platform to spew hate speech and radical beliefs to other people, amplifying what are otherwise fringe opinions. A few have turned that hate into violence.
Silicon Valley has built the biggest, most powerful companies in the world. Now, tech leaders have a responsibility to rein in the creations that have grown too unwieldy for them to control.
These are businesses, and their leaders will have to And out how to do that without destroying their companies. So far, balancing Big Tech's responsibilities to society and its duties to investors has proven difficult.
A difficult balance
Facebook (FB) announced in July it would invest billions of dollars a year to improve safety and security on the platform. The company said the effort would come at the expense of user growth and profitability. The company's stock lost about a third of its value because investors were concerned about Facebook's growth stalling.
Twitter has largely rid ISIS recruiters from the social network. Facebook and YouTube have labeled fake news stories as such. Yet, the work isn't close to done. Google has also made significant changes to YouTube's advertising policies after ads from 300 companies and organizations ran on channels promoting hate groups.
"YouTube has strict policies that prohibit content which incites others to violence or promotes hatred," a YouTube spokesperson said. "We quickly remove videos violating our policies when flagged by our users."
What seemed to cross no one's mind a decade ago was the potential downside to building a platform with billions of customers. So many posts can't possibly be monitored in real time. The networks gave the dregs of society the ability to reach like-minded people and poison the minds of others.
Without that foresight, Silicon Valley allowed their creations to break down. They're not beyond repair, but fixing them will be costly and difficult. Whether Big Tech is up to the task will determine the fates of their platforms.
Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/tech/social-media- -hate-speech/index.html. Access: 30 may 2019. Adapted.
Glossary: spew: lançar; fringe: periféricas; to rein in: controlar; unwieldy: desordenado; duties: deveres; profitability, lucro;
stock: ação (no mercado); stalling: interrupção; flagged: sinalizados; dregs of society: pessoas inescrupulosas; like-minded: pessoas que compartilham ideias semelhantes; poison: envenenar;
foresight: visão; beyond repair: sem conserto; up to the task: à
altura da tarefa.
Big Tech made the social media mess. It has to fix it
Analysis by David Goldman, CNN Business
Social media has given people a platform to spew hate speech and radical beliefs to other people, amplifying what are otherwise fringe opinions. A few have turned that hate into violence.
Silicon Valley has built the biggest, most powerful companies in the world. Now, tech leaders have a responsibility to rein in the creations that have grown too unwieldy for them to control.
These are businesses, and their leaders will have to And out how to do that without destroying their companies. So far, balancing Big Tech's responsibilities to society and its duties to investors has proven difficult.
A difficult balance
Facebook (FB) announced in July it would invest billions of dollars a year to improve safety and security on the platform. The company said the effort would come at the expense of user growth and profitability. The company's stock lost about a third of its value because investors were concerned about Facebook's growth stalling.
Twitter has largely rid ISIS recruiters from the social network. Facebook and YouTube have labeled fake news stories as such. Yet, the work isn't close to done. Google has also made significant changes to YouTube's advertising policies after ads from 300 companies and organizations ran on channels promoting hate groups.
"YouTube has strict policies that prohibit content which incites others to violence or promotes hatred," a YouTube spokesperson said. "We quickly remove videos violating our policies when flagged by our users."
What seemed to cross no one's mind a decade ago was the potential downside to building a platform with billions of customers. So many posts can't possibly be monitored in real time. The networks gave the dregs of society the ability to reach like-minded people and poison the minds of others.
Without that foresight, Silicon Valley allowed their creations to break down. They're not beyond repair, but fixing them will be costly and difficult. Whether Big Tech is up to the task will determine the fates of their platforms.
Available: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/29/tech/social-media- -hate-speech/index.html. Access: 30 may 2019. Adapted.
Glossary: spew: lançar; fringe: periféricas; to rein in: controlar; unwieldy: desordenado; duties: deveres; profitability, lucro;
stock: ação (no mercado); stalling: interrupção; flagged: sinalizados; dregs of society: pessoas inescrupulosas; like-minded: pessoas que compartilham ideias semelhantes; poison: envenenar;
foresight: visão; beyond repair: sem conserto; up to the task: à
altura da tarefa.
TEXTO 3
A tirinha em tela foi publicada às vésperas do dia internacional da mulher deste ano de 2019. A referência à data está expressa na placa que a menina carrega: “8M” (8 de março).
Nos enunciados “A LUTA”, “HÁ LUTA” e “À LUTA”, observam-se três
TEXTO 2
MINHA INFÂNCIA (trecho)
(Freudiana)
Cora Coralina
A rua... a rua!...
(Atração lúdica, anseio vivo da criança,
mundo sugestivo de maravilhosas descobertas)
- proibida às meninas do meu tempo.
Rígidos preconceitos familiares,
normas abusivas de educação
- emparedavam.
Na quietude sepulcral da casa,
era proibida, incomodava, a fala alta,
a risada franca, o grito espontâneo,
a turbulência ativa das crianças.
Contenção. motivação.Comportamento estreito,
limitando, estreitando exuberâncias,
pisando sensibilidades.
A gesta* dentro de mim...
Um mundo heroico, sublimado,
superposto, insuspeitado,
misturado à realidade.
*Gesta: composição poética que narra feitos memoráveis ou heroicos.
CORALINA, Cora.[coordenação, apresentação crítica e biografia Darcy França Denófrio].(Coleção melhores poemas). São Paulo: Global, 2004. (p. 95 a 100).
Cora Coralina (1889-1985), doutora honoris causa pela Universidade de Goiás, membro da Academia Goiana de Letras, recebeu, como poeta e ficcionista, o troféu Jabuti e o prêmio Juca Pato como intelectual do ano em 1984. Cora cursara somente o primário, mas poetara desde os 14 anos.
TELLES, Norma. Escritoras, escritas, escrituras. In: PRIORE, Mary
Del. (org.); PINSKY, Carla Bassanezi (coord. de textos). 10.ed. 6a.
reimpr. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018. p.408-409.
“A gesta dentro de mim... / um mundo heroico, sublimado, / superposto, insuspeitado, / misturado à realidade.”
Os vocábulos acima sublinhados foram formados, respectivamente, pelos processos de
TEXTO 2
MINHA INFÂNCIA (trecho)
(Freudiana)
Cora Coralina
A rua... a rua!...
(Atração lúdica, anseio vivo da criança,
mundo sugestivo de maravilhosas descobertas)
- proibida às meninas do meu tempo.
Rígidos preconceitos familiares,
normas abusivas de educação
- emparedavam.
Na quietude sepulcral da casa,
era proibida, incomodava, a fala alta,
a risada franca, o grito espontâneo,
a turbulência ativa das crianças.
Contenção. motivação.Comportamento estreito,
limitando, estreitando exuberâncias,
pisando sensibilidades.
A gesta* dentro de mim...
Um mundo heroico, sublimado,
superposto, insuspeitado,
misturado à realidade.
*Gesta: composição poética que narra feitos memoráveis ou heroicos.
CORALINA, Cora.[coordenação, apresentação crítica e biografia Darcy França Denófrio].(Coleção melhores poemas). São Paulo: Global, 2004. (p. 95 a 100).
Cora Coralina (1889-1985), doutora honoris causa pela Universidade de Goiás, membro da Academia Goiana de Letras, recebeu, como poeta e ficcionista, o troféu Jabuti e o prêmio Juca Pato como intelectual do ano em 1984. Cora cursara somente o primário, mas poetara desde os 14 anos.
TELLES, Norma. Escritoras, escritas, escrituras. In: PRIORE, Mary
Del. (org.); PINSKY, Carla Bassanezi (coord. de textos). 10.ed. 6a.
reimpr. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018. p.408-409.
TEXTO 2
MINHA INFÂNCIA (trecho)
(Freudiana)
Cora Coralina
A rua... a rua!...
(Atração lúdica, anseio vivo da criança,
mundo sugestivo de maravilhosas descobertas)
- proibida às meninas do meu tempo.
Rígidos preconceitos familiares,
normas abusivas de educação
- emparedavam.
Na quietude sepulcral da casa,
era proibida, incomodava, a fala alta,
a risada franca, o grito espontâneo,
a turbulência ativa das crianças.
Contenção. motivação.Comportamento estreito,
limitando, estreitando exuberâncias,
pisando sensibilidades.
A gesta* dentro de mim...
Um mundo heroico, sublimado,
superposto, insuspeitado,
misturado à realidade.
*Gesta: composição poética que narra feitos memoráveis ou heroicos.
CORALINA, Cora.[coordenação, apresentação crítica e biografia Darcy França Denófrio].(Coleção melhores poemas). São Paulo: Global, 2004. (p. 95 a 100).
Cora Coralina (1889-1985), doutora honoris causa pela Universidade de Goiás, membro da Academia Goiana de Letras, recebeu, como poeta e ficcionista, o troféu Jabuti e o prêmio Juca Pato como intelectual do ano em 1984. Cora cursara somente o primário, mas poetara desde os 14 anos.
TELLES, Norma. Escritoras, escritas, escrituras. In: PRIORE, Mary
Del. (org.); PINSKY, Carla Bassanezi (coord. de textos). 10.ed. 6a.
reimpr. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018. p.408-409.
TEXTO 2
MINHA INFÂNCIA (trecho)
(Freudiana)
Cora Coralina
A rua... a rua!...
(Atração lúdica, anseio vivo da criança,
mundo sugestivo de maravilhosas descobertas)
- proibida às meninas do meu tempo.
Rígidos preconceitos familiares,
normas abusivas de educação
- emparedavam.
Na quietude sepulcral da casa,
era proibida, incomodava, a fala alta,
a risada franca, o grito espontâneo,
a turbulência ativa das crianças.
Contenção. motivação.Comportamento estreito,
limitando, estreitando exuberâncias,
pisando sensibilidades.
A gesta* dentro de mim...
Um mundo heroico, sublimado,
superposto, insuspeitado,
misturado à realidade.
*Gesta: composição poética que narra feitos memoráveis ou heroicos.
CORALINA, Cora.[coordenação, apresentação crítica e biografia Darcy França Denófrio].(Coleção melhores poemas). São Paulo: Global, 2004. (p. 95 a 100).
Cora Coralina (1889-1985), doutora honoris causa pela Universidade de Goiás, membro da Academia Goiana de Letras, recebeu, como poeta e ficcionista, o troféu Jabuti e o prêmio Juca Pato como intelectual do ano em 1984. Cora cursara somente o primário, mas poetara desde os 14 anos.
TELLES, Norma. Escritoras, escritas, escrituras. In: PRIORE, Mary
Del. (org.); PINSKY, Carla Bassanezi (coord. de textos). 10.ed. 6a.
reimpr. São Paulo: Contexto, 2018. p.408-409.
TEXTO 1
NOS ANOS 1940, MULHERES FORAM PRESAS POR JOGAR FUTEBOL NAS RUAS DE BELO HORIZONTE
Renan Damasceno /Estado de Minas
Página original do Diário da Tarde (Foto: Arquivo EM)
Em 1940, mulher jogando futebol em Belo Horizonte era caso de polícia. “Mulheres jogavam futebol à noite, no fim da linha de Lourdes”, chamava a atenção o Diário da Tarde de 20/4/1940. “O guarda prendeu as jogadoras e o seu treinador. Uma conseguiu escapar e trancar-se em casa”. O caso parece pitoresco, não fosse trágico, e revela um pouco sobre o preconceito dos primeiros registros de mulheres jogando futebol na capital mineira encontrados nos arquivos dos Diários Associados.
Disponível em: https://www.mg.superesportes.com.br/app/noticias/futebol/interior/ 2019/03/22/noticia_interior,574010/nos-anos-1940-mulheres-foram-presas-por-jogar-futebol-nas-ruas-de-bel.
shtml?fbclid=IwAR3S-N0oyIuAcC-U6vICoxuxSKonZYQ9p1 iMmDNHIqQvgPWDGB-Kb2_a__E?utm_
source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social
TEXTO 1
NOS ANOS 1940, MULHERES FORAM PRESAS POR JOGAR FUTEBOL NAS RUAS DE BELO HORIZONTE
Renan Damasceno /Estado de Minas
Página original do Diário da Tarde (Foto: Arquivo EM)
Em 1940, mulher jogando futebol em Belo Horizonte era caso de polícia. “Mulheres jogavam futebol à noite, no fim da linha de Lourdes”, chamava a atenção o Diário da Tarde de 20/4/1940. “O guarda prendeu as jogadoras e o seu treinador. Uma conseguiu escapar e trancar-se em casa”. O caso parece pitoresco, não fosse trágico, e revela um pouco sobre o preconceito dos primeiros registros de mulheres jogando futebol na capital mineira encontrados nos arquivos dos Diários Associados.
Disponível em: https://www.mg.superesportes.com.br/app/noticias/futebol/interior/ 2019/03/22/noticia_interior,574010/nos-anos-1940-mulheres-foram-presas-por-jogar-futebol-nas-ruas-de-bel.
shtml?fbclid=IwAR3S-N0oyIuAcC-U6vICoxuxSKonZYQ9p1 iMmDNHIqQvgPWDGB-Kb2_a__E?utm_
source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social
TEXTO 1
NOS ANOS 1940, MULHERES FORAM PRESAS POR JOGAR FUTEBOL NAS RUAS DE BELO HORIZONTE
Renan Damasceno /Estado de Minas
Página original do Diário da Tarde (Foto: Arquivo EM)
Em 1940, mulher jogando futebol em Belo Horizonte era caso de polícia. “Mulheres jogavam futebol à noite, no fim da linha de Lourdes”, chamava a atenção o Diário da Tarde de 20/4/1940. “O guarda prendeu as jogadoras e o seu treinador. Uma conseguiu escapar e trancar-se em casa”. O caso parece pitoresco, não fosse trágico, e revela um pouco sobre o preconceito dos primeiros registros de mulheres jogando futebol na capital mineira encontrados nos arquivos dos Diários Associados.
Disponível em: https://www.mg.superesportes.com.br/app/noticias/futebol/interior/ 2019/03/22/noticia_interior,574010/nos-anos-1940-mulheres-foram-presas-por-jogar-futebol-nas-ruas-de-bel.
shtml?fbclid=IwAR3S-N0oyIuAcC-U6vICoxuxSKonZYQ9p1 iMmDNHIqQvgPWDGB-Kb2_a__E?utm_
source=whatsapp&utm_medium=social
Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope
by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu
Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:
“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.
According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.
“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”
There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.
Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.
If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.
This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.
Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.
Glossary
bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda
na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up:
surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns:
campanhas de difamação.
Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope
by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu
Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:
“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.
According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.
“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”
There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.
Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.
If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.
This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.
Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.
Glossary
bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda
na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up:
surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns:
campanhas de difamação.
Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope
by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu
Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:
“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.
According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.
“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”
There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.
Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.
If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.
This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.
Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.
Glossary
bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda
na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up:
surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns:
campanhas de difamação.
Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope
by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu
Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:
“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.
According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.
“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”
There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.
Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.
If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.
This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.
Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.
Glossary
bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda
na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up:
surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns:
campanhas de difamação.
