Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The sentences “Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results.” and “Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it…” contain, respectively, a

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

In the sentences “…this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering.” and “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them.”, one finds adjective clauses that are respectively

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The sentences “In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data.” and “Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era.” contain, respectively, at least one

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The sentence “She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings.” contains

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

In the sentences “We’re building these models that have impact on human life.” and “She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service.” one finds, respectively, a/an

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The sentences “Ethics classes address these questions.” and “The United States will need a great number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data.” contain, respectively, a/an

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The sentences “…they know it will make them employable.” and “…Amazon tells them what books they should read” contain, respectively, a/an

   

   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 

   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 

     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.

      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”

      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.

     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.

     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”

  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.

      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.

    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.

     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.

     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.

       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com

The correct form that completes the ifclause “If students had to learn to communicate their findings,” is “they __________________.”

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

   Samantha Pearson, colunista do prestigioso Financial Times, escreveu um artigo sobre a adoção de slogans publicitários pelos manifestantes que tomaram as ruas de diversas cidades brasileiras nos últimos meses. Segundo ela, a utilização dos temas "O gigante acordou", extraída da campanha do uísque Johnnie Walker, e do "Vem pra rua", retirado dos anúncios da Fiat, revelam sinais de consumismo excessivo e alienação política.

     Entendo a surpresa da moça. Relacionamos protestos com palavras de ordem contra o establishment e não a favor dele. No entanto, como um dos mais antigos historiadores da humanidade e, porque não dizer, na qualidade de o “pai da história”, devo esclarecer que a utilização de slogans de anunciantes em protestos e revoluções não é algo novo.

[...]

    O lema “paz, pão e terra”, usado por Lenin para promover a primeira fase da revolução soviética, expressou com perfeição três demandas da época: a saída da Rússia da Primeira Guerra Mundial, comida para todos e a necessidade de uma reforma agrária radical. Esse simples e brilhante slogan não saiu da cabeça de nenhum propagandista marxista. Os bolcheviques o tomaram de uma campanha de um condomínio fechado que prometia paz, pão e terra aos compradores, pois, os imensos lotes oferecidos aos burgueses se encontravam longe do centro de Moscou e ao lado de um campo de trigo.

    O caso de Maio de 68 é o mais exemplar. Esse movimento talvez seja o mais profícuo em slogans. Centenas de frases de efeito foram gritadas e estampadas em muros e cartazes pelos manifestantes. Algumas delas seguem ainda hoje animando as mentes inquietas. O que pouca gente sabe é que muitos dos ditos da época foram sacados de campanhas publicitárias de produtos dos mais diversos setores da economia. "Decretado o estado de felicidade permanente." (Cerveja). “A Poesia está na rua.” (Perfume). “O sonho é realidade.” (Previdência privada). "Não mudem de empregadores, mudem o emprego da vida." (Trabalho autônomo). "A imaginação toma o poder." (Carro).

     Ao historiador, cabe analisar o passado e não fazer previsões, mas me arrisco a dizer que, num futuro próximo, manifestantes poderão se apropriar também das frases promocionais usadas pelo varejo. Já vejo cartazes estampando dizeres como “imperdível, redução de tarifa já”, “pelo fim da corrupção, nem que seja em 10x sem juros”, “queima total de estoque de parlamentares”. O ambiente é propício.

KNIJNIK, Vitor. Blog do Heródoto. Carta Capital. São Paulo: Confiança, Ano XVIII, Nº 757, jul. 2013, p.19. (adaptado)

De acordo com o tipo de discurso, predominantemente, utilizado pelo autor do texto, é CORRETO afirmar que

Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.

Em que língua falarei ao ferrador de cavalos?

Por que, na minha língua de assombros e vogal,

só falo a mim mesmo

__ ao meu nada e ao meu tudo__

e nem sequer disponho do gesto dos mudos?

Se as palavras morrem à míngua como os homens

e se o silêncio fala

seu próprio idioma,

em que língua direi

ao homem diferente

que ele é meu semelhante

quando o vejo ferrar

o casco do cavalo?

Empunhando o martelo

ele me conta histórias

de cravos perdidos e cavalos mancos.

Palavras que se perdem

como ferraduras

no caminho do pasto

IVO, Lêdo. Noite Misteriosa. Os melhores poemas de Lêdo Ivo. São Paulo: Global, 1983, (adaptado)

O poema de Lêdo Ivo discute, entre outros tópicos, o tema língua e cultura. A esse respeito, pode se afirmar que

Leia os excertos as seguir e responda as questão.

Texto 1

Eliane Brum

  "Começo a escrever dentro de mim. Vou ao computador com o texto já em mim. Resolvo os meus conflitos pela escrita"

   Tanto na reportagem como na ficção começo a escrever dentro de mim. Sou intuitiva na minha escrita. Dificilmente tenho bloqueios, porque quando vou para o computador a história já está dentro de mim.

   O processo é como uma gestação. A reportagem começa em um movimento interno de esvaziamento - da visão de mundo, dos preconceitos, dos julgamentos. Sei que nunca vou me esvaziar por completo - não podemos esquecer que somos seres históricos. Volto preenchida pela voz que é do outro, pela história do outro. [...]

   Na ficção é outro processo: o de ser possuído pela própria voz, pelas vozes do seu subterrâneo que você nem sabia que tinha. Também é uma apuração - dos seus interiores. Ela também começa dentro de mim. É um processo totalmente solitário. É preciso aguentar a angústia.

[…]

Texto 2 

Stella Florence

   "Escrever é cortar o ego do escritor. A técnica deve misturar-se à criação sem que percebamos".

    Há uma frase atribuída ao Rubem Fonseca que considero perfeita: "Escrever é um labirinto cuja dificuldade não é encontrar a saída, mas a entrada".

   Quando se encontra a entrada do texto, tem-se tudo - e não há como forçar esse encontro.

   Eu costumava organizar notas, blocos, cadernos, até perceber que eu jamais esquecia o que realmente iria virar texto. Agora eu deixo que a memória funcione como um filtro. [...]

  Não tenho manias ou necessidades externas. Preciso apenas de concentração (isso pode acontecer em casa, num aeroporto, num bar, desde que não falem comigo).

[...]

Texto 3

Xico Sá

    Nessa correria de hoje está todo mundo com déficit de atenção. Uma boa abertura é fundamental para abrir a porta ao leitor. Sem um bom começo há mais dificuldade na leitura. Penso numa frase de maior impacto para prender o leitor.

   A linguagem com termos pouco usuais funciona, chama a atenção. No texto de internet, que é para o povo mais apressado ainda, jogo adiante dois ou três significados do termo, até brincando com ele. Para livros não tenho essa preocupação, pois imagino um leitor com mais reflexão, que possa ter o entendimento por ele mesmo. São expressões às vezes regionais, que eram usuais no português em desuso. [...]

  Inspiro-me tanto em Graciliano Ramos, pela secura do texto, como em Nelson Rodrigues, pelo contrário: por adjetivar, não ter medo do derramamento. [...]

   Há também a preocupação de fechar com boas frases. Não deixo o leitor sem uma satisfação final.

[...]

Disponível em: http://www.controversia.com.br/index.php?act=textos&id=10533. Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado).  

Cada escritor procura estratégias (especificidades linguísticas e estilísticas, etc) na hora de escrever um texto. Nos três excertos, identificamos uma característica comum entre eles:

Leia os excertos as seguir e responda as questão.

Texto 1

Eliane Brum

  "Começo a escrever dentro de mim. Vou ao computador com o texto já em mim. Resolvo os meus conflitos pela escrita"

   Tanto na reportagem como na ficção começo a escrever dentro de mim. Sou intuitiva na minha escrita. Dificilmente tenho bloqueios, porque quando vou para o computador a história já está dentro de mim.

   O processo é como uma gestação. A reportagem começa em um movimento interno de esvaziamento - da visão de mundo, dos preconceitos, dos julgamentos. Sei que nunca vou me esvaziar por completo - não podemos esquecer que somos seres históricos. Volto preenchida pela voz que é do outro, pela história do outro. [...]

   Na ficção é outro processo: o de ser possuído pela própria voz, pelas vozes do seu subterrâneo que você nem sabia que tinha. Também é uma apuração - dos seus interiores. Ela também começa dentro de mim. É um processo totalmente solitário. É preciso aguentar a angústia.

[…]

Texto 2 

Stella Florence

   "Escrever é cortar o ego do escritor. A técnica deve misturar-se à criação sem que percebamos".

    Há uma frase atribuída ao Rubem Fonseca que considero perfeita: "Escrever é um labirinto cuja dificuldade não é encontrar a saída, mas a entrada".

   Quando se encontra a entrada do texto, tem-se tudo - e não há como forçar esse encontro.

   Eu costumava organizar notas, blocos, cadernos, até perceber que eu jamais esquecia o que realmente iria virar texto. Agora eu deixo que a memória funcione como um filtro. [...]

  Não tenho manias ou necessidades externas. Preciso apenas de concentração (isso pode acontecer em casa, num aeroporto, num bar, desde que não falem comigo).

[...]

Texto 3

Xico Sá

    Nessa correria de hoje está todo mundo com déficit de atenção. Uma boa abertura é fundamental para abrir a porta ao leitor. Sem um bom começo há mais dificuldade na leitura. Penso numa frase de maior impacto para prender o leitor.

   A linguagem com termos pouco usuais funciona, chama a atenção. No texto de internet, que é para o povo mais apressado ainda, jogo adiante dois ou três significados do termo, até brincando com ele. Para livros não tenho essa preocupação, pois imagino um leitor com mais reflexão, que possa ter o entendimento por ele mesmo. São expressões às vezes regionais, que eram usuais no português em desuso. [...]

  Inspiro-me tanto em Graciliano Ramos, pela secura do texto, como em Nelson Rodrigues, pelo contrário: por adjetivar, não ter medo do derramamento. [...]

   Há também a preocupação de fechar com boas frases. Não deixo o leitor sem uma satisfação final.

[...]

Disponível em: http://www.controversia.com.br/index.php?act=textos&id=10533. Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado).  

Os autores citados apontam o tempo, a paciência e a técnica como elementos necessários no processo de criação de um texto. Assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

Leia os excertos as seguir e responda as questão.

Texto 1

Eliane Brum

  "Começo a escrever dentro de mim. Vou ao computador com o texto já em mim. Resolvo os meus conflitos pela escrita"

   Tanto na reportagem como na ficção começo a escrever dentro de mim. Sou intuitiva na minha escrita. Dificilmente tenho bloqueios, porque quando vou para o computador a história já está dentro de mim.

   O processo é como uma gestação. A reportagem começa em um movimento interno de esvaziamento - da visão de mundo, dos preconceitos, dos julgamentos. Sei que nunca vou me esvaziar por completo - não podemos esquecer que somos seres históricos. Volto preenchida pela voz que é do outro, pela história do outro. [...]

   Na ficção é outro processo: o de ser possuído pela própria voz, pelas vozes do seu subterrâneo que você nem sabia que tinha. Também é uma apuração - dos seus interiores. Ela também começa dentro de mim. É um processo totalmente solitário. É preciso aguentar a angústia.

[…]

Texto 2 

Stella Florence

   "Escrever é cortar o ego do escritor. A técnica deve misturar-se à criação sem que percebamos".

    Há uma frase atribuída ao Rubem Fonseca que considero perfeita: "Escrever é um labirinto cuja dificuldade não é encontrar a saída, mas a entrada".

   Quando se encontra a entrada do texto, tem-se tudo - e não há como forçar esse encontro.

   Eu costumava organizar notas, blocos, cadernos, até perceber que eu jamais esquecia o que realmente iria virar texto. Agora eu deixo que a memória funcione como um filtro. [...]

  Não tenho manias ou necessidades externas. Preciso apenas de concentração (isso pode acontecer em casa, num aeroporto, num bar, desde que não falem comigo).

[...]

Texto 3

Xico Sá

    Nessa correria de hoje está todo mundo com déficit de atenção. Uma boa abertura é fundamental para abrir a porta ao leitor. Sem um bom começo há mais dificuldade na leitura. Penso numa frase de maior impacto para prender o leitor.

   A linguagem com termos pouco usuais funciona, chama a atenção. No texto de internet, que é para o povo mais apressado ainda, jogo adiante dois ou três significados do termo, até brincando com ele. Para livros não tenho essa preocupação, pois imagino um leitor com mais reflexão, que possa ter o entendimento por ele mesmo. São expressões às vezes regionais, que eram usuais no português em desuso. [...]

  Inspiro-me tanto em Graciliano Ramos, pela secura do texto, como em Nelson Rodrigues, pelo contrário: por adjetivar, não ter medo do derramamento. [...]

   Há também a preocupação de fechar com boas frases. Não deixo o leitor sem uma satisfação final.

[...]

Disponível em: http://www.controversia.com.br/index.php?act=textos&id=10533. Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado).  

A linguagem tem objetivos a alcançar: informar, exprimir emoções, interagir, convencer, entre outros. Assinale a alternativa CORRETA quanto à função da linguagem, utilizada pelos autores dos textos.

Leia os excertos a seguir e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

Texto 1

Oswald de Andrade (Revista de Antropofagia, 1928) Só a ANTROPOFAGIA nos une. Socialmente. Economicamente. Filosoficamente.

Única lei do mundo. Expressão mascarada de todos os individualismos, de todos os coletivismos. De todas as religiões. De todos os tratados de paz.

Tupi, or not tupi that is the question.

[...]

Disponível em: http://www.ufrgs.br/cdrom/oandrade/oandrade.pdf. Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado)

Texto 2

Categorias: #ColunadaGi - Por Giovanna Ferrarezi, em 30/04/2013 às 12:31

Dessa vez, vim contar quais são meus 5 blogs de moda favoritos. Sempre que não sei o que vestir, vou consultar os famosos “looks do dia” das meninas. [...]

2. Fashion Coolcure

A Flávia Desgranges Van der Linden tem cara de gringa, nome de gringa, jeito de gringa, mas é brasileira! Muitas de vocês já devem conhecer o Fashion Coolture, já que a Flávia tá sempre bombando no site Lookbook.nu. [...]

Disponível em: http://capricho.abril.com.br/blogs/itgirls/colunadagi-5-blogs-de-moda-favoritos/. Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado)

Texto 3

Publicada em 05/04/2013.

O Hospital de Caridade de Ijuí, mais uma vez, assume uma postura definitiva com relação ao bom andamento da saúde pública na região. Postura, aliás, que falta a muitos políticos e ao próprio poder público.

Mesmo com a possibilidade de transferir a UTI Pediátrica para Santa Rosa, em função de uma regulação extremamente burocrática da Secretaria Estadual, o HCI decidiu manter o atendimento em todos os leitos: neonatais e pediátricos.

[...]

Disponível em: http://jmijui.com.br/publicacao-10581-Exemplo.fire.Acesso em agosto de 2013. (Adaptado)

Texto 4

Destinatário: Gabinete do Presidente da República

Em virtude do grande número de brasileiros que foram lesados por Empresas Brasileiras de Mudança, estabelecidas nos EUA, e prestando serviços exclusivamente para brasileiros, vimos, pelo presente abaixo-assinado, solicitar ao Governo Federal uma solução para todos os brasileiros que foram lesados pela oferta de um serviço ilegal.[...]

Disponível em: http://www.abaixoassinado.org/abaixoassinados/5162. Acesso em agosto de 2013.(adaptado)

Considere os fragmentos de texto para responder a questão.

(...) Poderás dizer-me para que queres o barco, Para ir à procura da ilha desconhecida (...) O capitão do porto disse, Vou dar-te a embarcação que te convém, Qual é ela, É um barco com muita experiência, ainda do tempo em que toda a gente andava à procura de ilhas desconhecidas, Qual é ele, Julgo até que encontrou algumas, Qual, Aquele (p. 27-28).

(...) Parece uma caravela, disse o homem, Mais ou menos, concordou o capitão, no princípio era uma caravela, depois passou por arranjos e adaptações que a modificaram um bocado, Mas continua a ser uma caravela, Sim, no conjunto conserva o antigo ar, E tem mastros e velas, Quando se vai procurar ilhas desconhecidas, é o mais recomendável (p.31).

(...) O luar iluminava em cheio a cara da mulher da limpeza, É bonita, realmente é bonita, pensou o homem, que desta vez não estava a referir-se à caravela (p.47).

(...) Acordou abraçado à mulher da limpeza, e ela a ele, confundidos os corpos, confundidos os beliches, que não se sabe se este é o de bombordo ou o de estibordo. Depois, mal o sol acabou de nascer, o homem e a mulher foram pintar na proa do barco, de um lado e do outro, em letras brancas, o nome que ainda faltava dar à caravela. Pela hora do meio-dia, com a maré, A Ilha Desconhecida fez-se enfim ao mar, à procura de si mesma (p.62).

SARAMAGO, José de. O conto da ilha desconhecida. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998.

A partir da leitura dos fragmentos e considerando o texto integral de "O conto da ilha desconhecida", marque a opção CORRETA.

A questão é referente ao fragmento de texto a seguir.

Esqueci-me de dizer que a ópera começara; as nossas observações podiam fazer-se então em céu desnublado. Vi Lúcia sentada na frente do seu camarote, vestida com certa galantaria, mas sem a profusão de adornos e a exuberância de luxo que ostentam de ordinário as cortesãs, ou porque acreditam que a sua beleza, como as caixinhas de amêndoas, cota-se pelo invólucro dourado, ou porque, no seu orgulho de anjos decaídos desejem esmagar a casta simplicidade da mulher honesta, quantas vezes defraudada nessa prodigalidade.

Não me posso agora recordar das minúcias do traje de Lúcia naquela noite. O que ainda vejo neste momento, se fecho os olhos, são as nuvens brancas e nítidas, que se frocavam graciosamente, aflando com o lento movimento de seu leque; o mesmo leque de penas que eu apanhara e, que de longe parecia uma grande borboleta rubra pairando no cálice das magnólias. O rosto suave e harmonioso, o colo e as espáduas nuas, nadavam como cisnes naquele mar de leite, que ondeavam sobre formas divinas.

A expressão angélica de sua fisionomia naquele instante, a atitude modesta e quase tímida, e a singeleza das vestes níveas e transparentes, davam-lhe frescor e viço de infância, que devia influir pensamentos calmos, se não puros. Entretanto o meu olhar ávido e acelerado rasgava os véus ligeiro e desnudava as formas deliciosas que ainda sentia latejar sob meus lábios.

ALENCAR, José, Lucíola. São Paulo: Ática, 1994, p. 28.

O romance "Lucíola", de José de Alencar foi publicado por volta de 1861, época em que a mulher era vista, de acordo com o olhar Romântico, como casta ou como dama impura. No fragmento, é CORRETO afirmar.

Leia o fragmento de texto a seguir para responder a questão.

Chegou a desolação da primeira fome. Vinha seca e trágica, surgindo no fundo sujo dos sacos vazios, na descarnada nudez das latas raspadas.

- Mãezinha, cadê a janta?

- Cala a boca, menino! Já vem!

- Vem lá o quê!...

Angustiado, Chico Bento apalpava os bolsos... nem um triste vintém azinhavrado...

Lembrou-se da rede nova, grande e de listras que comprara em Quixadá por conta do vale de Vicente.

Tinha sido para a viagem. Mas antes dormir no chão do que ver os meninos chorando, com a barriga roncando de fome.

Estavam já na estrada do Castro. E se arrancharam debaixo dum velho pau-branco seco, nu e retorcido, a bem dizer ao tempo, porque aqueles cepos apontados para o céu não tinham nada de abrigo.

O vaqueiro saiu com a rede, resoluto:

- Vou ali naquela bodega, ver se dou um jeito...

Voltou mais tarde, sem a rede, trazendo uma rapadura e um litro de farinha:

- Tá aqui. O homem disse que a rede estava velha, só deu isso, e ainda por cima se fazendo de compadecido...

Faminta, a meninada avançou; e até Mocinha, sempre mais ou menos calada e indiferente, estendeu a mão com avidez.

QUEIROZ, Rachel de. O Quinze. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio, 1979, p. 33.

"O Quinze", romance de estréia de Rachel de Queiroz, publicado em 1930, retrata a intensa seca que marcou o ano de 1915 no sertão cearense. Considerando o fragmento apresentado, é CORRETO afirmar.

 Read the text below to answer question.

By David Willey BBC News, Rome

     Pope Francis, the first ever pontiff from Latin America, has struck an unusual new tone. Now he is back at his desk in his modest Vatican quarters, he has some important decisions to make about the future governance of his Church. Normally the cardinals who run the Holy See are off on their long summer holidays at this time of year. But Pope Francis' seasons are not the same as those of his predecessors. In the Southern Hemisphere, where the bulk of his international flock now lives, it is winter. 

      Pope Francis plans to spend the month of August preparing for some radical changes in the future governance of his worldwide Church. Be prepared for some big surprises. His remarks on gay people are being seen as much less judgemental than his predecessor's position on the issue. Pope Benedict XVI signed a document in 2005 that said men with deep-rooted homosexual tendencies should not be priests. But Pope Francis said gay clergymen should be forgiven and their sins forgotten.

     "The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains this very well," Pope Francis said in a wide-ranging 80-minute long interview with Vatican journalists."It says they should not be marginalised because of this but that they must be integrated into society."But he condemned what he described as lobbying by gay people. "The problem is not having this orientation," he said. "We must be brothers. The problem is lobbying by this orientation, or lobbies of greedy people, political lobbies, Masonic lobbies, so many lobbies. This is the worse problem."

I. Pope Francis will bring big surprises in August.

II. Pope Benedict XVI was against homosexual priests.

III. The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains the difference from being homosexual and in lobbying homosexuality.

IV. Pope Francis disapproves any kind of lobbies.

V. Pope Francis is indifferent about gay people.

Choose the CORRECT alternative.

 Read the text below to answer question.

By David Willey BBC News, Rome

     Pope Francis, the first ever pontiff from Latin America, has struck an unusual new tone. Now he is back at his desk in his modest Vatican quarters, he has some important decisions to make about the future governance of his Church. Normally the cardinals who run the Holy See are off on their long summer holidays at this time of year. But Pope Francis' seasons are not the same as those of his predecessors. In the Southern Hemisphere, where the bulk of his international flock now lives, it is winter. 

      Pope Francis plans to spend the month of August preparing for some radical changes in the future governance of his worldwide Church. Be prepared for some big surprises. His remarks on gay people are being seen as much less judgemental than his predecessor's position on the issue. Pope Benedict XVI signed a document in 2005 that said men with deep-rooted homosexual tendencies should not be priests. But Pope Francis said gay clergymen should be forgiven and their sins forgotten.

     "The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains this very well," Pope Francis said in a wide-ranging 80-minute long interview with Vatican journalists."It says they should not be marginalised because of this but that they must be integrated into society."But he condemned what he described as lobbying by gay people. "The problem is not having this orientation," he said. "We must be brothers. The problem is lobbying by this orientation, or lobbies of greedy people, political lobbies, Masonic lobbies, so many lobbies. This is the worse problem."

According to the text, why Pope Francis does not feel comfortable to judge gay people?