Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Para responder à questão, leia o seguinte verbete do Dicionário de comunicação de Carlos Alberto Rabaça e Gustavo Barbosa:

                                            Crônica

      Texto jornalístico desenvolvido de forma livre e pessoal, a partir de fatos e acontecimentos da atualidade, com teor literário, político, esportivo, artístico, de amenidades etc. Segundo Muniz Sodré e Maria Helena Ferrari, a crônica é um meio-termo entre o jornalismo e a literatura: “do primeiro, aproveita o interesse pela atualidade informativa, da segunda imita o projeto de ultrapassar os simples fatos”. O ponto comum entre a crônica e a notícia ou a reportagem é que o cronista, assim como o repórter, não prescinde do acontecimento. Mas, ao contrário deste, ele “paira” sobre os fatos, “fazendo com que se destaque no texto o enfoque pessoal (onde entram juízos implícitos e explícitos) do autor”. Por outro lado, o editorial difere da crônica, pelo fato de que, nesta, o juízo de valor se confunde com os próprios fatos expostos, sem o dogmatismo do editorial, no qual a opinião do autor (representando a opinião da empresa jornalística) constitui o eixo do texto.

                                                                                                   (Dicionário de comunicação, 1978.)

Para responder à questão, leia o seguinte verbete do Dicionário de comunicação de Carlos Alberto Rabaça e Gustavo Barbosa:

                                            Crônica

      Texto jornalístico desenvolvido de forma livre e pessoal, a partir de fatos e acontecimentos da atualidade, com teor literário, político, esportivo, artístico, de amenidades etc. Segundo Muniz Sodré e Maria Helena Ferrari, a crônica é um meio-termo entre o jornalismo e a literatura: “do primeiro, aproveita o interesse pela atualidade informativa, da segunda imita o projeto de ultrapassar os simples fatos”. O ponto comum entre a crônica e a notícia ou a reportagem é que o cronista, assim como o repórter, não prescinde do acontecimento. Mas, ao contrário deste, ele “paira” sobre os fatos, “fazendo com que se destaque no texto o enfoque pessoal (onde entram juízos implícitos e explícitos) do autor”. Por outro lado, o editorial difere da crônica, pelo fato de que, nesta, o juízo de valor se confunde com os próprios fatos expostos, sem o dogmatismo do editorial, no qual a opinião do autor (representando a opinião da empresa jornalística) constitui o eixo do texto.

                                                                                                   (Dicionário de comunicação, 1978.)

Marque com V as afirmações verdadeiras e com F as falsas.

( ) Na peça de teatro original, escrita por Ariano Suassuna, o romance da história é vivido por Rosinha e Chicó, cujo casamento foi realizado pelo Padre João, logo após o enterro do cachorro.

( ) A mendiga Duzu-Querença é uma personagem da obra Olhos d’Água que teima em "enfeitar a vida", alegrando-se em visões e sonhos que ficaram perdidos no meio do caminho. Isso pode ser observado no fragmento a seguir: “Ela, ali no meio, se sentia como um pássaro que ia por cima de tudo e de todos. Sobrevoava o morro, o mar, a cidade. As pernas doíam, mas possuía asas para voar. Duzu voava no alto do morro. Voava quando perambulava pela cidade. Voava quando estava ali sentada à porta da igreja. Duzu estava feliz. Havia se agarrado aos delírios, entorpecendo a dor. E foi se misturando às roupas do varal que ela ganhara asas e assim viajava, voava, distanciando-se o mais possível do real”.

( ) O conselheiro Aires é uma espécie de alter ego de Machado de Assis mesmo, não só pelo fato de ser o “autor” de Esaú e Jacó, mas também por encarnar em si, como narrador, todos os pensamentos acerca da literatura do escritor carioca nos vários trechos e capítulos mínimos.

( ) Na obra Quarenta Dias, de Maria Valéria Rezende, a protagonista descreve em um caderno os diálogos com sua filha recém-nascida, como em: “Oi, boneca, bom dia. Acabo de folhear seu caderno e dar uma lida em diagonal nas últimas páginas. Reparou que muitas folhas atrás parei de falar com minha filha? É bom ou mau sinal?”

A sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é: 

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat. 

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST) 

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat. 

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST) 

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat. 

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST) 

Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentence:

The World Health Organization (WHO)…

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat. 

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST) 

A questão abordam um poema do português Eugênio de Castro (1869-1944).

TEXTO

Brazil has declared an end to its public health emergency over the Zika virus, 18 months after a surge in cases drew headlines around the world.

The mosquito-borne virus was not considered a major health threat until the 2015 outbreak revealed that Zika can lead to severe birth defects. One of those defects, microcephaly, causes babies to be born with skulls much smaller than expected.

Photos of babies with the defect spread panic around the globe as the virus was reported in dozens of countries. Many would-be travellers cancelled their trips to Zika-infected places. The concern spread even more widely when health officials said it could also be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

The health scare came just as Brazil, the epicentre of the outbreak, was preparing to host the 2016 Olympics, fuelling concerns the Games could help spread the virus. One athlete, a Spanish wind surfer, said she got Zika while training in Brazil ahead of the Games.

In response to the outbreak, Brazil launched a mosquito-eradication campaign. The health ministry said those efforts have helped to dramatically reduce cases of Zika. Between January and mid-April, 95% fewer cases were recorded than during the same period last year. The incidence of microcephaly has fallen as well. 

The World Health Organization (WHO) lifted its own international emergency in November, even while saying the virus remained a threat. 

“The end of the emergency doesn’t mean the end of surveillance or assistance” to affected families, said Adeilson Cavalcante, the secretary for health surveillance at Brazil’s health ministry. “The health ministry and other organisations involved in this area will maintain a policy of fighting Zika, dengue and chikungunya.”

All three diseases are carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

But the WHO has warned that Zika is “here to stay,” even when cases of it fall off, and that fighting the disease will be an ongoing battle.

(Fonte: Associated Press, Friday 12 May 2017 10.18 BST. Last modified on Friday 12 May 2017 22.00 BST) 

A questão abordam um poema do português Eugênio de Castro (1869-1944).